选择知识点

       In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”—feeling important and worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects（方面）of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.

Our study shows that, for women, well-being（康乐）has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is linked more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.

       The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women are valued significantly higher in mastery than women who are not employed.

       A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple（多项的）roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who are involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment—are the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.

(1) It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.
A. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery” C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time D. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”
(2) The author’s attitude towards women having a career is ______.
A. negative B. neutral （中立） C. positive D. realistic
(3) One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ______.
A. she will be more successful in her career B. her life will be richer and more meaningful C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater D. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain
(4) The most appropriate title for the passage would be ______.
A. The Well-Being of Career Women B. Sources of Mastery and Pleasure C. Multiple Roles of Women in Society D. Two Aspects of Women’s Well-Being

 (C)

This is a story about a storm in Moscow. It happened two and a half years ago. It was the first time in my life that I had seen such a strong storm. 

　It was a sunny day in July, and I was at home watching TV. The window was wide open because the weather was so hot. Suddenly, I felt a strong wind from outside. I looked out of the window and saw a black sky and trees blown over because of the strong wind. I tried to close the window, but the wind made me fall down. I was afraid that the glass might break. I stood up and tried to close the window again, but it was impossible because the wind was stronger, and it was pushing the window open. I ran into the bathroom and took the mop to close the window. It worked.

　When I looked outside, the tree in front of my window was flat on the ground, and there was strong thunder and lightning. I decided to pull out all the electrical plugs. It took about 10 seconds.

　Suddenly, the wind stopped, and it began to hail (下冰雹). After about 10 minutes, everything stopped, and the sun shone as before. It was strange. A few minutes later, the phone began to ring every five minutes. My friends or relatives called me. We asked each other how it was and how we felt after the storm.

　However, a great many trees died because of the storm. For a few days, people helped clean parks and gardens. Some people’s cars were damaged（损坏）by trees’ falling on them. This is my story about a storm in Moscow. It shows us that we are children of nature, and we must respect her.

(1) How long did the storm last?

 

A. About 10 seconds. B. About 5 minutes. 

 

C. A few hours. D. About 10 minutes.
(2) During the storm, what did the writer do?

 

A. Watched TV and pulled out electrical plugs.

 

B. Closed the window and answered telephone calls.

 

C. Closed the window and pulled out electrical plugs.

 

D. Watched TV and closed the window.
(3) What can we infer from the passage?

 

A. Such a strong storm often happens in Moscow.

 

B. The storm caused some loss.

 

C. People had known nothing about the storm before it happened.

 

D. The writer is a native in Moscow.

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(4) What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?

 

A. Human beings should protect nature.

 

B. The power of nature is great.

 

C. Human beings will pay for what they do.

 

D. Human beings know little about nature.

With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified(多样化) than ever before．However, every coin has two sides．Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the statistics(数据统计)．I feel there are a number of reasons for this.

Some people blame（责怪）the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices．This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves．If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take-away food.

There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight．I agree to this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops．If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and     salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives.

There is a third reason for this situation．Children these days take very little exercise．They do not walk to school．When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers．Not only is this an unhealthy pastime（消遣）, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food．What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.

The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.

(1) What is suggested by the author to deal with “overweight”?
A. Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods. B. Asking young children to walk to school every day. C. Living an active life and giving up bad eating habits. D. Not watching TV or playing computer games after school.
(2) Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
A. B. C. D.
(3) The author writes the passage to ______________
A. show people a social problem B. provide facts for government C. advise solutions to a problem D. compare opinions with people

D

The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies. It indicates a positive meaning. Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities. Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other. The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief. A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy. A tolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.

The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey?

The word tolerance means to bear, or to bear with. If I tolerate something or someone, I basically say that I am ready to bear it or him. I can tolerate a bad smell or a noisyneighbor. The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon, which I find difficult to bear. A bad smellor a noisyneighboris considered by me to be an objectionable phenomenon. By tolerating either of them, I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbor into positive phenomena. Letˈs be honest: I donˈt have a different taste when it comes to bad smells. I simply dislike it and wish that it disappears. I donˈt respect the noisyneighbor. I would rather have him stop at once the noise he is making so I can live in peace.

To try to remove the bad smell or take reasonable action in order for the noisy neighbor to stop bothering me would most probably not be considered an intolerant act by most people.

Now, letˈs try to apply the word tolerance in reference to a person who is law-abiding and holds a legally acceptable different view from my own. I may have a strong view, which is opposed to his. Quite frankly, I may decide to tolerate his view. By so doing, I would be attributing to it a negative characteristic. I would apply the same attitude to his view as to the bad smell or noisyneighbor. Thus, to try to take action in order to make his view disappear would be considered an intolerant act. To tolerate his view the way I would a bad smell or a noisyneighbor, could hardly be consideredvirtuous.

The subject tolerating is by nature not equal to the object being tolerated. If I tolerate you, I essentially say that I am above you and am prepared, although unwillingly, to bear with your presence or with your practices or opinions. That may be true in the case of an individual who is ready to tolerate the other. However, this attitude by such an individual, though empirically true, is hardly a virtue. Certainly, the fact that an individual, in reality, may merely tolerate the other or his opinion does not justify a government or any official authority promoting tolerance as a virtue. One cannot tolerate an equal being. True equality involves respect, not toleration. To respect the other as a distinctive person is hardly to tolerate him. This is the true meaning of equality: diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting.

The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptance of individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems. We have seen such cases with regard to political parties or destructive religious groups that have been treated in a liberal manner under the guise of tolerance.

A tolerant attitude involves the grant of afavor, not a right. The question we should ask ourselves is whether we would ever wish a parliament to make laws according to us, as individuals and as part of a collective entity or a permission to pursue certain actions interpreted as a favor rather than a right? Indeed, would we ever wish anyone to listen to our views and accept us the way we are simply because he is kind enough to tolerate us?

(1) The first two paragraphs are mainly intended to show that __________.
A. tolerance is a symbol of liberal democracies B. people’s understanding of tolerance is one-sided C. democratic society always advocates tolerance D. tolerance can be applied to many situations
(2) The underlined part “desist from” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________’.
A. stop B. dislike C. deny D. keep
(3) The example of a bad smell and a noisy neighbor is raised to indicate that _________.
A. the writer are fed up with them B. tolerating them isn’t a virtuous act C. the writer isn’t prejudiced against them D. most people find them hard to tolerate
(4) The main idea of Paragraph 6 is that _________.
A. tolerance shows an unequal relationship B. most people promote tolerance as a virtue C. people should show respect for each other D. tolerance has nothing to do with respect
(5) Which of the following will the writer probably agree with?
A. Being tolerant should be regarded as a right instead of a favor B. By tolerating people can transform something negative into the opposite. C. People tolerating others are likely to consider them as their equals. D. Too much tolerance will endanger the foundations of democratic systems.

The ground we walk on seems firm, but deep under the earth and under the sea the rocks change and move. In some parts of the world there are “fire mountains”, which we call volcanoes. From time to time they burst open and throw out fire and burning ash. These volcanoes are very dangerous.

Hong Kong does not have any volcanoes but there are many in Indonesia and Philippines. There is also a famous mountain near Tokyo, Japan, which is a volcano too. Its name is Mount Fuji. For much of the year, it is covered with snow.

One of the most famous volcanoes which erupted（喷发）in recent times was Krakatoa, on an island in Indonesia. The first explosions（爆发）took place on 20^th May, 1883, but the big eruption did not come until the 26^th and 27^th August of that year. The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening. Almost all the people on the island died and the explosion also made huge waves in the sea, which drowned（淹死）many people on the other island nearby. After the eruption was over, people saw that the whole northern part of the island had completely disappeared. Scientists say that 15 cubic（立方）kilometers of rocks and ash were thrown up in the explosion. The noise of the explosion was heard nearly 5,000 kilometers away in the middle of the Indian Ocean, and the city of Jakarta was completely dark for about two and a half hours.

(1) There are many volcanoes _____.
A. in Indonesia B. under the earth and the sea C. in Hong Kong D. everywhere in the world
(2) Mount Fuji is famous just because ________.
A. it is covered with snow for much of the year B. it is near Tokyo C. it is a volcano D. It is in Japan
(3) The people near Krakatoa were unprepared when it had its biggest explosion because people there ____.
A. didn’t want to leave their island B. could do nothing but wait C. had never met any explosions of the volcano before D. were used to the explosions of the volcanoes by that time
(4) People who lived 5,000 kilometers away from Krakatoa could _______.
A. see that 15 cubic kilometers of rocks and ash were thrown up B. hear the noise of explosion C. see the huge waves D. see that Krakatoa was dark

I’ve just got to talk about this problem I’m having with my postman. It all began a year ago, after the birth of his first child. Not wanting to appear rude, I asked him about the baby. The next week, not wanting him to think I had asked out of mere politeness the week before, I asked all about the baby again. Now I can’t break the habit. I freeze whenever I see him coming. The words “How’s the baby?” come out on their own. It holds me up. It holds him up. So why can’t I stop it? The answer is that I want him to like me. Come to think of it, I want everyone to like me.

My sister had the same problem with the caretaker of her block of flats: “All he ever does is complain; he talks at me rather than to me, never listens to a word I say, and yet for some reason I’m always really nice to him. I’m worried in case I have a difficulty one day, and he won’t lift a finger to help.”

What about at work? Richard Lawton, a management trainer, warns: “Those managers who are actually liked by most of their staff are always those to whom being liked is not the primary goal. The qualities that make managers popular are being honest with staff, treating them as human beings and observing common politeness like saying hello in the morning.” To explain the point, Richard mentions the story of the company chairman who desperately wanted to be liked and who, after making one of his managers fired, said with moist (湿润的) eyes that he was so, so sorry the man was leaving. The employee replied: “If you were that sorry, I wouldn’t be leaving.” The lesson being, therefore, that if you try too hard to be liked, people won’t like you.

The experts say it all starts in childhood. “If children feel they can only get love from their parents by being good,” says Zelda West-Meads, a marriage guidance consultant, “they develop low self-confidence and become compulsive givers.” But is there anything wrong in being a giver, the world not being exactly short of takers? Anne Cousins believes there is. “There is a point at which giving becomes unhealthy,” she says. “It comes when you do things for others but feel bad about it.”

I am now trying hard to say to people “I feel uncomfortable about saying this, but…” and tell myself “Refusal of a request does not mean rejection of a person” and I find I can say almost anything to almost anyone.

(1) Why does the author ask the postman about his baby?
A. He is interested in the baby. B. He wants to create a good impression.
C. He wants to be always polite to him. D. It’s a way to start a chat with great politeness.
(2) What could we find out about the author’s sister and the caretaker?
A. She doesn’t want to risk displeasing him.
B. She doesn’t pay attention to him.
C. He often refuses to help her.
D. He is impatient of her overreaction.
(3) Managers are more likely to be popular if they ______.
A. help the staff with their problems
B. make sure the staff do not lose their jobs
C. encourage the staff to be polite to each other
D. do not make too much effort to be liked
(4) The underlined words, “compulsive givers”, in the fourth paragraph refer to the people who ______.
A. are willing to help others B. couldn’t bear to turn down requests
C. are unconfident of denying demands D. are less selfish than takers
(5) What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?
A. To show how to let others like you more.
B. To prove how to create a harmonious atmosphere.
C. To encourage people to have more self-confidence.
D. To suggest ways of dealing with difficult people.

（A）

Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability (能力). They feel hopeless about it. Can you learn to read better, or must you agree that nothing can be done about it?

  To be sure, people are different. You cannot expect to do everything as well as certain other people do. If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. Some seem to enjoy reading and to read well without any special help. Others find reading a slow and tiring job. In between, there are all degrees of reading ability.

 Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability. In these experiments, the poor readers were given tests of reading ability. After some of the causes of their poor reading were discovered, they were given special instruction and practice in reading. After a few months, another test of the same kind was given. In all cases, people had raised their reading scores.

(1) With the example of basketball players, the author shows             .
A. why certain people are poor readers B. that different people have different abilities C. why some people are good basketball players D. that good basketball players can be good readers
(2) To improve their reading ability, people should        .
A. work long and hard B. take different forms of tests C. have special help and practice D. try different reading materials

​

(3) The experiments mentioned（提到的）in the text show that         .
A. good readers seem to enjoy reading B. almost all poor readers can improve his reading ability C. causes of poor reading are difficult to find out D. tests help people improve their reading ability

C

Freda Bright says, “Only in opera do people die of love.” It’s true. You really can’t love somebody to death. I’ve known people to die from no love, but I’ve never known anyone to be loved to death. We just can’t love one another enough.

A hear-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss agreed to the raise.

The woman arrived home that evening to a beautiful table set with their best dishes. Candles were softly glowing. Her husband had come home early and prepared a festival meal. She wondered if someone from the office had tipped him off, or --- did he just somehow know that she would not get turned down?

She found him in the kitchen and told him the good news. They embraced and kissed, then sat down to the wonderful meal. Next to her plate the woman found a beautifully lettered note. It read: “Congratulations, darling! I knew you’d get the raise! These things will tell you how much I love you.”

Someone has said that the measure of love for his wife is love without measure. What this man feels for his wife is total acceptance and love, whether she succeeds or fails. His love celebrates her victories and soothes her wounds. He stands with her, no matter what life throws in their direction.

Upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mother Teresa said, “What can you do to promote world peace? Go home and love your family. And love your friends. Love them without measure.”

(1) The sentence in the first paragraph “Only in opera do people die of love.” means ________.
A. no love in the world is believable B. love is one thing, and life is another C. love in operas is truly touching D. love can survive forever, though people die at different ages
(2) That the husband prepared her a second letter about her raise suggests that ________.
A. he loves her because he believes that she is sure to receive a raise B. he has a great way to promote his wife’s love towards him C. he has a false love for people even if the person is his wife D. he loves his family members truly, whether they are in good conditions or not
(3) From the text, we might say the author ________.
A. refuse any spiritual emotions as embraced and kissed B. criticizes the attitude of suspicion of the love C. doesn’t believe there is true love in the world D. thinks the true love does not expect repayment

Most job applicants have a general list before a job interview­—updating a résumé, ironing a professional suit, rehearsing an explanation for those two years spent after college. However, if tidying up the Facebook profile isn’t on that list, maybe it should be.   

According to a new study conducted by Harris Interactive for Career Builder.com, 45 percent of employers questioned are using social networks to screen people looking for jobs this year---more than double from a year earlier, when a similar survey found that just 22 percent of employers were researching potential hires on social networking sites like Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and LinkedIn.

The study, which questioned 2,667 managers and human resource workers, found that 35 percent of employers decided not to offer a job to a candidate based on the content uncovered on a social networking site.   

The report showed that Facebook was the most popular online destination for employers to do their online sleuthing(侦查), followed by LinkedIn and MySpace. In addition, 7 percent followed job applicants on Twitter. More than half of the employers who participated in the survey said that provocative(挑衅) photos were the biggest factor contributing to a decision not to hire a potential employee, while 44 percent of employers aimed at references to drinking and drug use as red flags. Other warning signs included bad-mouthing of previous employers and colleagues and poor online communication skills.

While most of these may seem like obvious blocks, what consists of alarming behavior to a particular employer? Would photographs of a trip to the beach be considered inappropriate? To be on the safe side, it’s probably wise to use the new privacy settings offered by Facebook to keep everything but the most innocuous (无伤大雅的) content away from the public eye.

(1) Your general list before a job interview should include all the following EXCEPT __________.
A. rehearsing what the employer would say to you B. preparing appropriate clothes C. tidying up your information on social networks D. a written form of your education and previous jobs
(2) Why should the job seekers use the new privacy setting offered by Facebook?
A. To keep everything from being seen by others. B. To allow photographs of a trip to the beach seen on line freely. C. To keep the employers from seeing the inappropriate content. D. To allow the employers to see the inappropriate content.

This Thursday is Thanksgiving, the holiday when many Americans eat turkey. However, people may have to pay a little more for their holiday bird this year although how much more will depend on competition between stores.
   Production costs are going up. Turkeys are fed mainly by corn and soybean (大豆). Corn was an average of two dollars a bushel (容量单位) last year. This year it was three dollars, and, at times, it even topped four dollars. The Department of Agriculture says one-quarter of the record corn crop expected this year could be used to produce ethanol (乙醇). Also, higher oil prices mean higher transportation costs —another reason for costlier corn. Not only that, soybean production is down since last year.
   Turkey producers in the United States are expected to raise two hundred and seventy-two million birds this year. That estimate is four percent higher than last year. The United States imported ten million dollars worth of live turkeys during the first half of the year and almost all of them came from Canada. During that period the United States had a five-million-dollar trade deficit (赤字) in live turkeys.
   A turkey can be a little hard to cook. The breast meat cooks faster than the leg meat, so if you aren’t careful, it can dry out. There are many turkey cooking suggestions on the Internet. One we found called "The World’s Best Turkey" calls for butter, two apples, a tablespoon of garlic powder, and salt and pepper to prepare it.

(1) All the following are reasons for the rising price of turkeys EXCEPT that ______.
A. the price of corn has risen B. the production of soybean is down C. the transportation costs of corn are higher
D. the turkeys are imported from Canada
(2) The underlined word "costlier" in the second paragraph probably means "______".
A. more expensive B. a larger amount of
C. cheaper D. a smaller amount of
(3) The corn price is rising probably because ______.

A. lots of corn is being used to produce fuel(燃料) B. most farmers don’t want to grow corn C. farmers sell corn at higher prices
D. production costs are going up
(4) "The World’s Best Turkey" is about_________.

A. how to buy a cheap turkey B. how to find the best turkey C. how to cook the most delicious turkey D. where to buy the best turkey