选择知识点

Stephen Wiltshire is a famous artist． His drawings - often drawn from memory and at great speed - are sketched （素描） on the spot at street level．
Stephen， who was born in London in 1974， didn't say a word as a small child， and found it hard to relate to other people． At the age of five， Stephen was sent to Queensmill School， London， where it soon became apparent that he communicated through the language of drawing． His teachers encouraged him to speak by taking away his art materials for a short time； eventually he said his first words - "paper" and "pencil" - but didn't learn to speak fully until the age of nine．
Stephen loved drawing and he was seldom to be found without pen and paper． Once he took part in art competitions， news of his great talent began to spread． Early fans included the late Prime Minister Edward Heath who bought his drawing of Salisbury Cathedral， made when Stephen was just eight．
But Stephen came to wider public attention when the BBC featured him in the programme， "The Foolish Wise Ones" in 1987， when he was introduced by Sir Hugh Casson （a past president of the Royal Academy）， as "the best child artist in Britain．"
After that， Stephen's reputation grew worldwide． A second BBC documentary in 2001 showed Stephen flying over London in a helicopter and later completing a detailed drawing of London within three hours， which included 12 historic landmarks （地标性建筑） and 200 other structures．
In 2006 Stephen was recognised for his services to the art world， when he was made a member of the Order of the British Empire． Today wherever Stephen goes， people are attracted by his outstanding talent．



What problem did Stephen have when he was a small child？ ______

A. No schools wanted him．
B. No teachers liked him．
C. He couldn't speak．
D. He couldn't spell．

When did Stephen become world famous？ ______

A. After his second BBC documentary．
B. After the programme "The Foolish Wise Ones"．
C. After he met with the late Prime Minister Edward Heath．
D. After Sir Hugh Casson bought his drawing of Salisbury Cathedral．

What is special about Stephen's drawing of London？ ______

A. It was his greatest work．
B. It was drawn in a helicopter．
C. It featured historic landmarks．
D. It was finished in a short time．

The text is likely to appear in ______ ．

A. a novel
B. a biography
C. an official report
D. a history paper

For my grandpa Tatay's 90th birthday， our family threw him a surprise-we decorated the backyard with Philippinesstyle and asked guests to wear traditional Filipino costume．
While I was jazzed to put on a sarong-like skirt and wrap， my white husband Darren， felt nervous in his barong， a traditional shirt for Filipino man． "I feel like this is cultural appropriation（文化挪用），" he said， "I honestly feel uncomfortable．"
I could understand Darren． Just over this past year， a number of well-known people have gotten into hot water for wearing the dress of other cultures． They had been blamed by the media and the public． But I felt wearing a barong to Tatay's birthday party was not appropriation．I reassured him that it was just a way to express support and a sense of unity with my Filipino family． And we were wearing these outfits as an act of kindness to Tatay． He is losing his memory， but barong is something that remains in his mind．
Still， I wasn't sure whether Darren was appropriating． I turned to an expert for advice．
Erich Matthes， a professor of philosophy， told me that there's no clear definition of cultural appropriation， "It's a really messy thing．"
"It was OK that Darren wore a barong to your family party， for he's been invited to do so． And it's an act of cultural union，"he says．"But it's not OK if you're wearing the clothing of another culture as part of a cultural exploration or education or to intentionally offend or make fun of the group．If you want to weara qipao to a party hosted by Chinese friends， but you are not a member of this group， you should ask the most relevant representatives of the culture． Last， be aware that wearing a culture's dress comes with great responsibility．"
What the expert suggested hit a big point home for me： What we choose to wear has real power．
Seeing Darren in that barong， I knew that he was making an effort to understand and connect with my family． And that， for me， was a beautiful thing．



The author asked her husband to wear a barong mainly because it ______ ．

A. makes him look great
B. helps show family unity
C. keeps a family tradition
D. gives her family a surprise

The underlined phrase "have gotten into hot water" in Paragraph 3 probably means " ______ "．

A. have gotten into trouble
B. have lost their tempers
C. have bathed in hot water
D. have become more popular

According to the article， wearing a culture's dress probably indicates ______ ．

A. accepting cultural education
B. expressing cultural exploration
C. supporting cultural appropriation
D. shouldering cultural responsibility

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ ______

A. How to Prepare a Birthday Party？
B. What to Dress in Different Cultures？
C. Wear Clothing of Another Culture？
D. Wear Traditional Shirts on Birthday？

The Arizona desert is really dry． Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days．Unless， that is， they had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters． Although daytime humidity（湿度）is only about 10 per cent， this rises to 40 per cent at night， which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life - if it can be changed into liquid form．
That's exactly what Yaghi's device does． It's a box about the size of a small microwave ovendesigned to suck the humidity from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source． What makes it work is a powder called a metal-organic framework （MOF）， which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules （分子） onto its surface． Warm it up and the water is released， each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water．"With further improvements， a device， the size of a washing machine， could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household，" says Yaghi， a chemist at the University of California．
One-third of the world's population lacks safe drinking water； for them such a device could be a lifesaver． But that's not the limit of the MOF technology．
Just as MOFs can help solve the problem of water shortage， they offer a way of reducing a lot of greenhouse gases．In April this year， the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere hit an 800，000-year high， contributing to climate change． Recent research suggests ways that MOFs might be able to help mitigate（缓解）this danger to the Earth's ecosystem．
An international team led by chemists from the University of Manchester， UK， reported in 2018 that they had developed an aluminum （Al）-based MOF that can selectively and repeatedly remove another gaseous pollutant， nitrogen dioxide （NO2）， from the surrounding atmosphere． This discovery could lead to air-related technologies that seize and change large quantities of other gases， such as carbon dioxide， to reduce air pollution．
In 2017， a MOF startup pioneer NuMat Technologies employed MOFs to safely store and deliver dangerous gases． For a given pressure， a tank containing a MOF holds more gas than one without． Or， to put it another way， if a gas tank has a MOF in it， then it does not need to be as highly pressurized in order to hold the same amount of gas， making it safer and less likely to explode， and possible less expensive．
Now， about two dozen companies in the past five years are known to be pursuing MOFs， from small startups to larger chemical and automobile companies． And QYResearch forecasts that the MOF market will grow from ﹩70 million in 2017 to ﹩750 million in 2025． "The potential here is just endless，" says Yaghi． "As cheaper materials come into focus， there will continue to be even more opportunities for commercialization．"



MOF changes the sucked humidity into water by ______ ．

A. lowering the temperature
B. collecting carbon dioxide
C. recycling dangerous gases
D. absorbing the heat of the sun

Aluminum-based MOF can be used to ______ ．

A. reduce greenhouse gases
B. produce household water
C. deliver dangerous gases
D. release water molecules

It can be learned that under the same pressure， a tank with a MOF will ______ ．

A. cost more money
B. cause more explosions
C. hold more gases
D. afford more crashes

The main purpose of this passage is to ______ ．

A. explain how to use MOF
B. describe the future of MOF
C. persuade people to buy MOF
D. introduce the functions of MOF

The last male northern white rhino in existence died this week．It marks the end for the entire subspecies and is yet another tragic reminder of how we are destroying our planet．Enough is enough．Please take action today and donate ￡25 to help save the critically endangered eastern black rhino．It's time to take a stand and protect the eastern black rhino．
The world is witnessing the extinction of the northern white rhino．This rare creature was once abundant across Central Africa，but unbelievable rates of illegal hunting for their horns wiped them out until just three individuals were left．With the recent death of Sudan，the last male，only two female northern white rhinos remain．This has to he our final wake-up call-we must stop the senseless killing of rhinos in the wild．Unless we act now，the eastern black rhino could suffer the same fate．It is on the edge of extinction with only 850 left in the wild．You can make a difference-right now．In 2004，Fauna &Flora International（FFI）helped to create O1 Pejeta Conservancy，a safe shelter for endangered animals in Kenya．O1 Pejeta is now home to over 100 eastern black rhinos，and with your support today，we can help keep them safe from illegal hunters．
By making a donation of ￡ 25 by 9 April，you could help us employ，train and equip guards to protect the conservancy and keep these rare animals safe．Your gift could help to protect the last few eastern black rhinos in O1 Pejeta．We must not bear witness to another extinction．Please complete the donation form to help save the eastern black rhino now．
Please return your form to：Freepost FAUNA&FLORA IN'IERNATIONAL，The David Attenborough Building，Pembroke Street，CAMBRIDGE CB2 3QZ，call 01223 749019 or go to www．Save A Rhino．org to donate online．



What's the present situation of the northern white rhinos？ ______

A. They face extinction．
B. 850 rhinos are left in the wild．
C. They are being hunted for their horns．
D. Two female rhinos are ready to produce young．

What's the money raised for？ ______

A. Protecting the eastern black rhinos in O1 Pejeta．
B. Educating people to live with animals in harmony．
C. Saving the endangered female northern white rhinos．
D. Gathering all the eastern black rhinos into a conservancy．

How many ways of donation are mentioned in the text？ ______

A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Hi， everybody!
Welcome to our newly-opened Richards Cinema Bookstore!
Now let me introduce to you some of the new film books in our store．
Are you Chinese film fans？ OK， here comes the latest 25 New Takes about Chinese films． It is a collection of 25 fresh readings of different Chinese films from the 1930s to the present． In recent years， Chinese films are very popular in the States， such as Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon， Hero， and Flowers of Shanghai．
Do you like French films？ Well，here is The French Cinema Book． It covers French films from the 1890s to the beginning of the 21st century． It is written for all lovers of French cinema： students and teachers， specialists and fans， and so on．
Maybe you are Indian film fans and star-chasers． Then here is Encyclopedia （百科全书） of Indian Cinema． The book is a complete introduction to all the best Indian films． It also offers a full list of names of the famous and successful film stars in the past ten years． You know， the Indian film industry is the largest in the world after our Hollywood．
If you like British films， we have the British Cinema Book． It is a good review of British cinema． This book contains a good many nice pictures．
In our bookstore， you can also find books about Mexican， Japanese， Australian， German and Italian films．
Well， please help yourselves to some coffee or tea， and have a good time here!



The speaker of the passage is most probably ______ ．

A. the author of 25 New Takes
B. the manager of the cinema bookstore
C. a tourist in the cinema bookstore
D. a reader of Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema

How many Asian countries does the speaker refer to when he talks about the film books？ ______

A. Three．
B. Two．
C. Four．
D. Nine．

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage？ ______

A. Indian cinema is second only to Hollywood．
B. Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon is well received in the States．
C. The British Cinema Book includes a complete list of names of stars．
D. The French Cinema Book covers over a century's French films．

The purpose of the speaker is ______ ．

A. to take the readers into film producers
B. to keep the authors in the cinema bookstore
C. to offer the tourists chances to meet the film stars
D. to satisfy the customers" various tastes

In most parts of the world， many students help their schools make less pollution． They join "environment clubs"． In an environment club， people work together to make our environment clean．
Here are some things students often do．
No-garbage lunches． How much do you throw away after lunch？ Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again． Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school．
No-car day． On a no-car day， nobody comes to school in a car． Not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to our air， so remember： walk， jump， bike and run． Use your legs! It's lots of fun．
Turn off the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty cubic （立方） meters of water an hour？ In a year， it would fill a small river! In environment clubs， students mend those broken toilets． We love our environment． Let's work together to make it clean．



After students mend toilets， they save ______ ．

A. water in cubic meters
B. a small river
C. a club
D. a toilet

From the passage we know the students usually have lunch ______ ．

A. in shops
B. at school
C. in chubs
D. at home

The writer wrote the passage to ask the students to ______ ．

A. clean school
B. make less pollution
C. join clubs
D. help teachers

Which of the following statements is true？ ______

A. In the clubs， students usually work together to make the earth less polluted．
B. Students can take their lunch in paper， so they can throw it after lunch．
C. On No-car day， only the teachers can go to school in their cars．
D. The water in the toilet can fill a river．

The Beatles were the most influential band in pop history． In their 8-year， 12-album history， Paul McCartney， John Lennon， George Harrison and Ringo Starr altered popular culture dramatically． It wasn't just the suits and changing lengths of hair the four Liverpool boys wore that had such an impact， but what they seemed to stand for． The world saw them as the voice of a new generation， one with a very different attitude to life．
Their influence was at its height in the 1 960s．but their music continues to stir listeners today．However， up until recently one aspect of the Beatles was struck in Yesterday：The music had never been remastered （重新灌录）．But on September 9 that situation came to an end，with the release of the entire band's music in a digital makeover．It is probably the biggest reissue（重新发行）in pop music history， said British newspaper the Financial Times．
The albums were to be remastered at Abbey Road Studios in London， the location where the band produced much of their work．The cover of their 1ast album，Abbey Road of 1969．featured the four young men striding（大步行走）across a zebra crossing on Abbey Road itself．It is one of the most famous Of a11Beatles images．Recently， to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the album， hundreds of Beatles lovers gathered there to show their appreciation．Pop groups come and go．The boy band pursued by screaming fans one year will be forgotten the next．But the Beatles are one Of the few groups whose music seems to have endured．Why？ Paul McCartney's biographer Barry Miles has an explanation："They were the first rock band…and they just happened to be the best．They were the first band to play stadiums，to have their own products．They were ground-breaking in every way．"he says．



Why did the Beatles change popular culture？ ______

A. Because of the suits of the four Liverpool boys．
B. Because of changing lengths of hair the four Liverpool boys wore．
C. Because of their different attitude to life．
D. Because of their albums．

Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the second paragraph？ ______

A. The Beatles influenced people at its height in the 1960s．
B. Their music Yesterday had never been remastered．
C. The entire band's music in a digital makeover will be remastered．
D. On September 9，their music came to an end．

What is NOT the reason why their music can endure？ ______

A. They were the first rock band．
B. They were the best one．
C. They were the first band to have their own works．
D. They wore special suits．

What does the author mean by "They were ground-breaking in every way．" ______

A. They broke the ground to find away．
B. They broke the rules while driving on the way．
C. They did what other bands had never done before．
D. They play their hits at every concert．

At a recent visit to the flower gardens in Holland， I learned about the practice of topping． As flowers grow， sometimes the growers cut off the tops of them， which is helpful to produce higher quality flowers． It is true that sometimes when we produce some results in a certain area， it can be good to cut them off and throw them away， which helps free up energy for a new attempt elsewhere．
After running my company of computer games for 10 years and having pleasing results， I decided to leave that field behind． This freed up my energy to focus on improving myself in my writing and speaking． If I'd kept running the old business， I would have had less energy to invest in my new path and had weaker results．
When you feel that life is becoming too stagnant （停滞不前的 ） ， try mixing things up now and then． As a way to do so， I've been travelling continuously． Since April 23， I have been in Europe for a month． During this time， I've dropped my old daily routine that I would normally use at home and I'm trying something different． This means that more energy is freed up for exploration and growth．
The longer you stay still， the more people based on your current position will relate to you． Your thoughts and feelings may become repetitive and circular． Your surrounding environment may control your daily routine． Soon you notice that as the years pass， there is little change in your life． This is the comfort zone．
Stepping outside of your comfort zone is an uncomfortable experience， but it is worthwhile． During my Europe trip， for instance， each day brings new challenges， like making the mistake of taking the stairs from the bottom of Covent Garden Underground Tube Station． But with so much to explore and learn， I feel that minor victories of the sort that I seldom experienced at home are waiting for me every day． Dropping personal satisfaction to go for more growth is not an easy path to follow， but I do find it to be the more beautiful path．



After paying a visit to the flower gardens， the author came to realize ______ ．

A. it is practical for one to take up the skill of topping the flowers
B. one is supposed to have a high expectation for one's coming future
C. one should ignore the current achievement and try something new
D. it is enjoyable for one to get close to nature and admire the flowers

What's the purpose of the author's dropping his former business？ ______

A. To keep up with the changes of modern society．
B. To free himself from the busy work and heavy debts．
C. To satisfy his great desire for personal development．
D. To seek ways to increase the profits and productivity．

We can infer from the passage that those who live in the comfort zone are likely to ？ ______
a． be lack of creativity in thoughts
b． feel less confident
c． have a changing lifestyle
d． be frightened of competition
e． be controlled by the physical environment
f． be attracted to old customs and habits

A. a， e
B. c， e
C. a， b， e
D. c， e， f

What does the passage mainly discuss about？ ______

A. Getting out of home to grow or maintaining a comfortable life．
B. Having a strong desire to live in the past or in the future．
C. Holding a positive attitude towards your career and life．
D. Trying to slow down and enjoy your life to the fullest．

（Q=Question； A=Answer）
Situation I
Q：If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater，is it rude to move？
A：Maybe，but nobody will fault you for it．Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you，so he may miss your annoyance．You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room．Forgive his bad judgment，move quietly and enjoy the show．
Situation II
Q：If I use the bathroom at a store，do I need to buy something？
A：Consider frequency and urgency．Is this a one-time or an emergency？If so，you don't have to buy anything，but it would be kind if you did．However，if you regularly use the bathroom at this place，then you are a customer，and you should act like one．
Situation III
Q：If someone is talking loudly on the bus，is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down？
A：No．Try other means.1）Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.2）Lift your finger in a silence motion（动作）and smile.3）Put on earphones and ignore him．
Situation Ⅳ
Q：If I remember my friend's birthday a day late，should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened？
A：This is the reason why the word belated was invented．"Happy belated birthday!"is short for："Well，I know I forgot，but then I remembered．Forgive me and happy birthday．"
Situation V
Q：Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond（回复） to it？
A：Don't lie．Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it．Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve？"Yes，"you can say if ever asked，"I saw it．"No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond．



You will get annoyed in a theater when ______ ．

A. a person is too active
B. a person is too rude to you
C. a person talks too loudly
D. a person sits too close to you

How will you quiet someone down in a public place？ ______

A. By making fun of him continuously．
B. By looking purposefully at him．
C. By talking to him directly．
D. By pointing angrily at him．

The underlined word"belated"in Situation IV probably means ______ ．

A. predicted
B. returned
C. cancelled
D. delayed

What is the passage mainly about？ ______

A. Modern ways to mind your manners．
B. Different ways to change others'manners．
C. Proper manners to offer help to others．
D. Good manners to talk to people．

I was driving home the other day on a sunny afternoon．I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the radio．It was a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness．My good mood ended，however，when the radio station took a news break between songs．Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet another story of a rich famous man who had broken the law．I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light．
As I pulled to a stop I noticed four leather-jacketed bikers．They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light．They looked rough and dangerous，but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands．I rolled down my window as one approached my car．"We are the Brother's of the Wheel"，he said．"We are collecting money for a Christmas Toy Drive for needy children．"As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and tattoos and into his eyes．They shined with a goodness and kindness that came right from his soul．I dropped the money in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off．My good mood had returned．My faith in mankind had been bolstered．And I had to remember again never to judge people by their appearance．
Our society often judges books by their covers but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls．Perhaps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes．Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much．



The writer's good mood ended when ______ ．

A. he hear news between songs
B. he had to stop at a red traffic light
C. he heard a rich man broke the law
D. he saw four leather-jacketed kids in need

What are four bikers doing at the traffic light？ ______

A. Having a bicycle race in the street
B. Selling helmets to the passers-by．
C. Raising money to help kids in need
D. Preparing for Christmas holidays．

What does"bolstered"in the second paragraph probably mean？ ______

A. Destroyed．
B. Improved．
C. Decreased．
D. Exploded．

The writer to tell us that we should ______ ．

A. have faith in young people
B. judge others by their actions
C. change our attitude to society
D. manage to help others in need