选择知识点

When you think of the icy Arctic Ocean,do you picture cold blue waters,on which float（漂浮）icebergs home to animals and fish not seen elsewhere on the planet？Think again,or rather add 300 billion pieces of plastic（塑料）to your picture.That's the amount of plastic that scientists believe is floating around the Arctic Ocean.Most of the plastic is in the area to the east of Greenland and north of Scandinavia.
Where did it come from？After all,the lands near the Arctic are not really full of people.It turns out that ocean currents are carrying plastic thrown into the ocean all the way to the Arctic.An ocean current is an unending movement of sea water from one point to another.It is caused by several things including heat from the Sun,wind and movement of the Earth.
Many of these plastic pieces seem to have travelled for years before reaching the Arctic.This was worked out by scientists studying the plastic problem after they observed the condition of the pieces.While much plastic floats on top of the water,a lot also may be on the sea floor.
Plastic has been widely used for 60 years on Earth and our careless throwing of plastic things is slowly turning the once perfectly clean Arctic into a dangerous place.Unlike food waste and plant waste,plastic doesn't break down so easily.In fact the United States Environment Protection Organization reports that "every bit of plastic ever made still exists".
What's the effect？Seabirds,sea turtles and other ocean creatures could get hurt and die when they accidentally swallow plastic.Plastic waste affects fishing,affecting people who earn money through fishing.Plastics can let out dangerous poisons（毒物）into the water.These may be swallowed by fish,and when these fish are caught and eaten by people or bigger animals,they could get poisoned too!



What can we learn from the passage？ ______

A. The Arctic Ocean is heavily polluted.
B. The plastic is mostly in the area in the east of Greenland.
C. An ocean current is just caused by the movement of the earth.
D. Much more plastic floats on top of the water.

Which of the following doesn't contribute to the plastic ocean？ ______

A. Humans throw away plastic things at will.
B. Ocean currents carry plastic things everywhere.
C. Plastic can let out harmful things into the water.
D. Plastic is hard to break down.

What does the underlined word "swallow" in the last Paragraph mean？ ______

A. break down.
B. take in.
C. accept.
D. touch.

What's the best title of the text？ ______

A. Are Men to Blame for Plastic Ocean？
B. Arctic Ocean and Its Future!
C. Is Plastic Harmful？
D. Arctic Ocean or Plastic Ocean？

Kids ages 6 to 13 in Cape Town,South Africa,really do dig learning at school!With the help of the Earthchild Project,which is offered in schools in two townships,students make worm（蠕虫） farms.The worms break down food waste and make the soil richer.Kids grow seedlings（幼苗） in containers and learn about the importance of good nutrition.
The school program also offers yoga（瑜伽）.Teachers find that the exercises help students focus better.The students enjoy Earthchild activities. "The children gets so excited"，says teacher Vuyelwa Rola.
"The society we are in has a lot of noise.When students are taking part in the Earthchild Project,they feel calm."
Director Janna Kretzmar came up with the idea for the project in 2005.She read about schools in India that involved kids in yoga and learning outside the classroom.She developed the Earthchild Project to offer similar activities in Cape Town schools.
"We hope the Earthchild Project can help students find solutions to all the challenges they are facing in the world today," Kretzmar said. "The best place to create change is with the youth,through education."
The Earthchild Project combines schoolwork with hiking,gardening,healthy living,and yoga. "We need more than just math and science to become happy,healthy,inspired,and active citizens of our communities," says Kretzmar.
In some communities in Cape Town,children live in poverty.They must walk long distances to get clean drinking water.Life is hard.But according to the Earthchild Project's Carly Appleby,the project works to give hope to every child. "Students who have hope," she says, "aim for bigger goals".



What do students benefit from yoga？ ______

A. It helps them calm down.
B. It helps them concentrate.
C. They can learn some living skills.
D. They can learn about the importance of nutrition.

What are students' attitude towards the Earthchild Project？ ______

A. Uncaring.
B. Doubtful.
C. Supportive.
D. Negative.

What do you know about the Earthchild Project？ ______

A. It was founded in 2005.
B. It only offers outside activities.
C. The idea came up by Vuyelwa Rola.
D. It is aimed at helping students find solutions to challenges.

What's the best title of the passage？ ______

A. Hard Life in South Africa.
B. Students' school life in Cape Town.
C. Hope from Earthchild Project in Cape Town.
D. The differences between traditional lessons and Earthchild Project.

Blood donations save lives.But blood can only be stored under refrigeration（冷藏）for up to six weeks.After that,it's no longer usable for transfusions（输血）.
"Because of that limitation,people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs.But also,in places where refrigeration may not be available,that can also be a challenge.It's difficult to have blood available when needed." University of Louisville bioengineer Jonathan Kopechek says.He also says disruptions to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 have put stress on the blood supply,and COVID-19 strengthens the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.
But it's pretty rare because of all the challenges and complexities with that process.Instead Kopechek's team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated（脱水的）state at room temperature.To do so,they turned to an unusual preservative（防腐剂）：a sugar called trehalose,which is a common ingredient（成分）in donuts（甜甜圈）to help make them look fresh even when they might be months old,and people wouldn't know the difference.
At that point,the blood could be dried and made into a powder（粉末）.And then we can rehydrate（再水化） the blood and have it return back to normal.The team is still trying to improve yields but thinks the dried blood could be stored at room temperature for years.Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years.If successful,it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters,and for first aid work,military operations or even missions to Mars.Maybe first aid kits on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells.



Why we need a more reliable method to preserve blood？ ______

A. Refrigeration can't be afforded.
B. The cost to store blood is very high.
C. People can't donate their blood for COVID-19.
D. Blood can only be stored under refrigeration for a short time.

What makes the food or blood look fresh？ ______

A. Trehalose.
B. Donuts.
C. Powder.
D. The new technique.

What can we know about the technique？ ______

A. It is successful now.
B. It has been put into use.
C. It will be widely used.
D. It has been researched for 3 to 4 years.

What is the text mainly about？ ______

A. How to store blood.
B. Shortage of refrigeration.
C. A new technique of storing blood.
D. A new technique used in many fields.

Tech giants Apple and Google are teaming up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they've come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
The technology would rely on the Bluetooth signals that smartphones can both send out and receive.If a person tests positive for COVID-19，they could inform public health authorities through an app.Those public health apps would then warn anyone whose smartphones had come near the infected person's phone within 14 days.
The technology could be used on both Google Android phones and Apple iPhones.The companies insist that they will preserve smartphone users' privacy.Smartphone users must choose to use it independently.The software will not collect data on users' physical locations or their personally identifiable information.People who test positive would remain anonymous（匿名的），both to the people who came in contact with them and to Apple and Google.
The American Civil Liberties Union（ACLU） has warned that using cellphone data to address the pandemic（流行病） may carry risks of "invasions of privacy,abuse of information,and stigmatization（污名化）".
An adviser from ACLU，Jennifer Granick said that the joint Apple and Google project "appears to mitigate the worst privacy and concentration risks,but there is still room for improvement." She added that contact tracking apps should be "voluntary and used only for public health purposes and only for the period of this pandemic."
Google and Apple say their technology will be used only by public health authorities to track the spread of COVID-19.
A team at MIT also has been working on a contact-tracking system that similarly uses Bluetooth signals to identify when people have come near each other.
Apple and Google are carrying out their contact-tracking technology in two steps.In mid-May,they will release（发布）software that will let public health authorities build apps that exchange information via Bluetooth.In the coming months,they will update their operating systems so phones can share information without having to install an app.



What can we learn from the text？ ______

A. The system knows when a person has COVID-19.
B. The technology can be used in any type of phone.
C. The companies promise to ensure the users' privacy.
D. Using smartphone data will definitely bring risks to users.

What does the underlined word "mitigate" in Paragraph 5 refer to？ ______

A. Solve.
B. Reduce.
C. Increase.
D. Take.

Which word best describes the author's attitude to contact tracking app？ ______

A. Doubtful.
B. Unconcerned
C. Caring.
D. Objective.

What's the author's purpose of writing this text？ ______

A. To inform the readers of a new technology.
B. To recommend the readers to use a new app.
C. To warn the users of the risks of the software.
D. To praise Tech giants for their contribution.

Imagine that you are a superhero.Your superpowers are activated by a special suit.The suit communicates with your brain.It allows you to do amazing things with only a thought.By concentrating on strength,for example,you can kick a soccer ball across a field.By focusing on swift actions,you can jump to the top of a tree.
Such a connection between mind and machine may sound like a fantasy.To scientists,though,it is a very real goal.They are creating machines that let disabled monkeys walk.These machines may soon help disabled humans do the same.Unlike other bionic devices,these robotic "super suits" do not communicate with muscles and nerves.Instead,they have a direct line to the brain.
In 2005，doctors drilled a hole in the skull of Hutchinson,who had lost her right arm in an accident.Then they inserted a sensor onto her motor cortex（大脑皮层运动区）.Wires connected the sensor to a receiver on her head.After she recovered,researchers plugged Hutchinson's receiver into a cable that relayed signals from her brain to computers.Then they connected a robotic arm to the computers.The computers could interpret Hutchinson's brain signals to move the arm.
Soon,Hutchinson,the computer,and the robotic arm became a team.Hutchinson was even able to lift her hand and drink from a cup. "She smiled when she put down that drink—that's everything." says Donoghue,a brain scientist.
Today other scientists are building on that success.One of those scientists is Dr.Miguel Nicolelis,who designed a whole-body bionic equipment.In 2014，a disabled former athlete kicked the first ball of the World Cup Games wearing one of Miguel's full-body exoskeletons.
The exoskeleton was connected to brain signal sensors in the man's cap.By thinking about kicking,he sent signals to a computer on his back.The computer then translated the signal into an exoskeleton-aided kick.Such designs may become common as scientists keep merging mind and machine.



Which can best describe the tone of paragraph 1？ ______

A. Narrative and serious.
B. Persuasive and critical.
C. Informative and objective.
D. Descriptive and imaginative.

What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ ______

A. Reason of the experiment.
B. Results of the experiment.
C. Process of the experiment.
D. Significance of the experiment.

Why is Dr.Miguel's exoskeleton special？ ______

A. It can be used on animals.
B. It can move the whole body.
C. It was supported by computers.
D. It was connected directly to the brain.

What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______

A. Robotic suits may be widely used to help disabled people.
B. Exoskeleton is more common than Hutchinson's bionic arm.
C. Scientific experiments are commonly carried out in football fields.
D. Disabled athletes can now play football again with the help of computer.

Bill Gates on how to fight future pandemics WHEN HISTORIANS write the book on the covid-19 pandemic,what we've lived through so far will probably take up only the first third or so.The bulk of the story will be what happens next.
I believe that humanity will beat this pandemic,but only when most of the population is vaccinated（接种疫苗）.Until then,life will not return to normal.
As the pandemic slows in developed nations,it will accelerate in developing ones.Their experience,however,will be worse.In poorer countries,where fewer jobs can be done remotely,distancing measures won't work as well.The virus will spread quickly,and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.
Wealthy nations can help.But people in rich and poor places alike will be safe only once we have an effective medical solution for this virus,which means a vaccine.
My hope is that,by the second half of 2021，facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine.If that's the case,it will be a history-making achievement：the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing （免疫）against it.
Apart from this progress in vaccines,two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic.One will be in the field of diagnostics.The next time a novel virus crops up,people will probably be able to test for it at home.Researchers could have such a test ready within a few months of identifying a new disease.
The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs.We haven't been as effective at developing drugs to fight viruses as we have those to fight bacteria.But that Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals,which they'll be able to scan through and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.
All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene（干预）early when the number of cases is still very low.
Our progress won't be in science alone.It will also be in our ability to make sure everyone benefits from that science.In the years after 2021，I think we'll learn from the years after 1945.With the end of the Second World War,leaders built international institutions like the UN to prevent more conflicts.After covid-19，leaders will prepare institutions to prevent the next pandemic.
These will be a mix of national,regional and global organizations.I expect they will participate in regular "germ games" in the same way as armed forces take part in War games.These will keep us ready for the next time a novel virus jumps from bats or birds to humans.
I hope wealthy nations include poorer ones in these preparations,especially by devoting more foreign aid to building up their primary health-care systems.This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws and that we are all connected biologically by a network of microscopic germs,whether we like it or not.
The best analogy（类比）for today might be November 10th 1942.Britain had just won its first land victory of the war,and Winston Churchill declared in a speech："This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning."



What are the three technologies that will prepare us for the next pandemic？ ______
①manufacturing a vaccine fast
②diagnosing a virus at home
③developing antiviral drugs
④allowing us to intervene early

A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④

As far as poorer countries are concerned,which of the following is TRUE according to this passage？ ______

A. Pandemic disease is more likely to begin in poorer countries
B. Working from home can work well in poorer countries.
C. Health systems are sufficient to care for the infected in poorer countries.
D. Virus will cross borders if poorer countries fail to contain it.

Why is the Second World War mentioned in Para.8？ ______

A. The fight against the COVID-19 is similar to the Second World War.
B. People are suffering just as they were in the Second World War.
C. We should cooperate globally just as we did after the Second World War.
D. Countries are fighting each other like in the Second World War.

What is the tone of this passage？ ______

A. pessimistic
B. optimistic
C. neutral
D. indifferent

In the past few decades,the way we shop has changed dramatically.We used to buy our goods in traditional shops.Now,customers are increasingly buying online,where they can order whatever they want directly to their door with the click of a mouse.As companies race to improve their Internet shopping experience,the trend towards shopping online is predicted to continue.
Most people commonly think that online shopping is better than in-store shopping.After all,an online store does not use the electricity that a traditional store might use and it doesn't require the customer to drive anywhere.So you would think the carbon savings must be significant.
Take the typical home delivery round in the UK，for example.Supermarket drivers often do 120 deliveries on an 80-kilometre round,producing 20 kilograms of CO₂ in total.In contrast,a 21-kilometre drive to the store and back for one household would produce 24 times more CO₂!However,the reality is slightly more complex than that.Many home deliveries fail the first time and the driver has to make a second or third attempt to deliver the purchase.
The carbon footprint also goes up if the customer chooses to return the item.A study in Germany shows that as many as one in three online purchases are returned.According to another study,merchandise（商品）worth nearly ﹩326 million is returned each year in the USA.Two billion kilograms of this ends up in landfill （垃圾填埋池），leading to 13 tons of CO₂ being released.
When we take all these factors into consideration,we realize that online shopping isn't necessarily as green as people might think.There is some positive news,as various online retailers（零售商）are starting to lower their carbon footprint by turning to electric delivery vehicles.However,the question of how to deal with returns efficiently and without waste is a challenge that many companies have not wanted to face,but they have to shoulder responsibilities.



What is a common belief about online shopping according to the text？ ______

A. It increases companies' pressure.
B. It costs less than in-store shopping.
C. It is more environmentally-friendly.
D. It improves customers,shopping experience.

The data in Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 mainly shows that ______ .

A. online shopping is sometimes inconvenient
B. some online items are actually of poor quality
C. customers should think twice before shopping
D. online shopping may cause much carbon footprint

How do online retailers try to reduce carbon footprint？ ______

A. By cutting the distance of delivery.
B. By using a greener way of delivery.
C. By choosing to sell electric vehicles.
D. By recycling their customers' returns.

What is the passage mainly about？ ______

A. Online shopping has bad impacts on the environment.
B. The trend towards shopping online will continue.
C. Online companies cause much carbon footprint.
D. Online shopping is greener than in-store shopping.

At times you become friends in extraordinary situations with the most unexpected people.For many,the pandemic （流行病）has led to new bonds of friendship being created.
Prema Malhotra,a resident of Ashok Vihar,has all plans set to celebrate Friendship Day.She says,"I started communicating with my neighbors over a game of Tambola and then we were playing it every day.Now,some of us even do video calls to entertain ourselves.Since we couldn't go out anywhere on Friendship Day,we played Antakshari,Tambola,while enjoying food and drinks from our own balconies."
The pandemic has led to people becoming more social with their neighbors. "I am a final year student and due to my busy schedule,I never got the time to connect with people around me.Because of the pandemic,I have got to know a lot of my neighbors and I can so easily bond with them.I have made a new friend who lives next to my house and we're having close conversations.Initially,the conversations used to be about the pandemic and the increasing number of cases but gradually we started sharing thoughts about career goals and study," says Harshiti Bharti,a resident of Shastri Nagar.
Echoing similar feelings,Ankita Singh,a resident of Malviya Nagar,says,"Due to my work schedule,I never had a chance to know many people in my building.After the lockdown was carried out,a WhatsApp group was created for communication.Through that group,we checked on the elderly people and their needs.I happened to connect personally with a few elderly people in my society and I felt really good.Singing songs and participating in various games led to the creation of new friendships during this time."
The above examples indicate that from chatting and playing games from their balconies to providing necessities for the sick and needy while practicing self-isolation,neighbors have become new friends.



What did Harshiti Bharti talk about with his neighbor at first？ ______

A. Their study.
B. Their career goals.
C. The pandemic situation.
D. The other neighbors around them.

What role did the WhatsApp group probably play during the pandemic？ ______

A. Helping people in need.
B. Purchasing daily necessities.
C. Inviting elderly people to sing.
D. Instructing people in self-isolation.

The passage mainly wants to tell us that ______ .

A. people create a new way to celebrate Friendship Day
B. strict lockdown is effective in dealing with the pandemic
C. neighbors communicate to kill time during the pandemic
D. the pandemic makes people create new bonds with neighbors

There are many different types of poems.
Many people have heard about haiku.In fact,most of us are taught at one point or another -usually in elementary school or high school-to write one of our very own.Actually,haiku is a form of poetry made up of three non-rhyming lines.They often express feelings and thoughts about nature；however,you could write a poem about any subject you like in this form.
One of the poetic favorites is pastoral（田园的）poetry because it means wonderful senses of peace and harmony.Examples of this form include Keats's Ode on a Grecian Urn.Like the haiku,nature is often at the center of this type of poem as well.In general,pastoral poetry will focus on describing a rural（乡村的）place,but the terms will be peaceful.You feel at ease after reading this type of poem.Many pastoral poems are written about shepherds.
Are you familiar with the term "ballad"？Probably you are,because people sometimes refer to songs - particularly romantic ones -as ballads.In fact,ballad poems are frequently sung or at least they are intended to be sung,and they are often about love.Often,these ballads will tell stories and they tend to be of a mystical nature.
A limerick is a poem that is often silly or funny,written in five lines with AABBA rhyme（押韵）.Often,a limerick tells a short,humorous story.This type of poem has been popular for hundreds of years,particularly in the English language.When limericks first became popular,they often expressed ideas that were dirty,but today limericks express all sorts of ideas.



What do we learn about haiku poems？ ______

A. They rhyme.
B. They're very short.
C. They have seven lines.
D. They're hard to write.

How do poems like Ode on a Grecian Urn most probably sound？ ______

A. Funny.
B. Sad.
C. Relaxing.
D. Encouraging.

Who are most likely to write limericks？ ______

A. Song writers.
B. Famous poets.
C. Humorous people.
D. People admiring nature.

What's the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Topics of Poems.
B. History of Poems.
C. Origin of Poems.
D. Forms of Poems.

The English language is changing,and you are responsible!Whether we consider changes in grammar,spelling,pronunciation,or the very vocabulary of the language,you have played your part and continue to do so.When we first learned basic grammar and spelling,perhaps in elementary school,we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred.The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable.While this way might be helpful for teaching children,it is far from accurate（准确的）.
The English language,like many others,is a living,growing,ever-developing thing.Like it or not,you are involved in this change.These changes take many forms.Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries,with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this.While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English,most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language.
The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words.Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words.In addition to these differences,the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them.For example,consider the word "err." The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word "her." Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation.However,in recent years,more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like "air."
Another change in the language involves the addition and removal（清除）of words.The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language.Through the centuries,many words have come from other languages.In fact,English has probably done this more than any other language in the world,which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions.
Of course,many slang words have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly.Others,though,have been adopted by mainstream society and become respectable,as have many technical terms.So then remember,the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street,or make up your own words,you may be contributing to the future of the English language.



When we begin to learn English,we think ______ .

A. it is interesting to pick up a new language
B. English rules are wrongly presented in fact
C. grammar and spelling rules are unchangeable
D. only adults have the ability to affect a language

From paragraph 3 we can know that ______ .

A. we can change the English language
B. many languages are changing over years
C. English has changed little in the past 1，000 years
D. there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation

Why is the pronunciation of words changing？ ______

A. Makers of dictionaries often change them.
B. People have adopted foreign words.
C. It has been affected by American English.
D. People speak in different ways.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Foreign words involved in English.
B. You can change the English language.
C. English language is changing over years.
D. The British speaks differently from Americans.