选择知识点

If you are invited to a wedding， baby shower or other celebrations， you will be expected to bring a gift． Unless you know the host very well， the gift should be modest in value， about ﹩25 or so．
For a wedding ， the bride will have "registered （ 登记 ）" at one or two local department stores，indicating the items she prefers．You can buy the couple a gift that isn't listed ， but most people buy something listed on the registry （记录簿）． If you buy an item listed on the registry， be sure to tell the store that you are doing this， so that the couple doesn't receive duplicate （重复的） gifts．For a baby shower，bring a gift appropriate for a new born baby．
If you wish to give a gift when you leave to return to your country， the best gift is something unique to your country． It does not need to be especially valuable or rare． Possibilities include a book about your country， an inexpensive piece of handicraft（手工艺品）or art， or something else that reflects your culture． If the children collect coins and stamps， they would be very pleased with a set of your country's coins or a selection of stamps from your country．
If you owe a debt of deep gratitude to an American host family， a common way of repaying it is to take the family to a form of entertainment， such as a baseball， basketball， or a good restaurant．
Gift giving is not as important in America as it is in other countries， so there is nothing wrong with not giving a gift． If you need help， talk to a salesperson at a department store． Tell them about the person who will be receiving the gift and the reason for the gift， and they will help you find something appropriate．



Why is collecting coins mentioned in the third paragraph？ ______

A. To show the important role of coins as gifts．
B. To stress the popularity of coin collecting in America．
C. To give an example of selecting a unique gift．
D. To explain the relation between coins and culture．

What does the author intend to do in Para． 4？ ______

A. Introduce a way to show gratitude．
B. Add some background information．
C. Summarize（总结） the previous paragraphs．
D. Recommend some family-friendly activities．

The writer develops the passage mainly by ______ ．

A. using numbers．
B. giving examples．
C. giving reasons．
D. telling stories．

Which can serve as a title for the text？ ______

A. How to select a gift
B. Gift giving in America
C. Where to buy a gift
D. Celebrations in America

As early as 2005， there were a number of new stories about dog cloning（克隆） and cat cloning． Animal cloning had been old news for nearly a decade by then， with the revolutionary （革命的） cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland．
However， Snuppy was the first pet， a dog， to be cloned． Since the cloning of Snuppy， there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals． Lou Hawthorne started BioArts while cloning his beloved mixed-breed dog Missy． Hawthorne was very pleased with the results of the cloning， producing three successful clones that were very alike to the original in character and behavior． In January， 2009， a Florida couple， Ed and Nina Otto， announced that they had paid to have their dog cloned by BioArts．
All new technology is overpriced． For example， personal computers were not very affordable at first． Only after the producing process was improved was it possible for every family to have a computer． How much room there will be for organizations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable．
There are many great dogs and cats that can be found at the local dog pound （野狗收容所） or are given away for "free to good homes" in classified ads （分类广告）． However， there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet． The Ottos are a good example of that． If people can buy a dog or cat with predictable behavior and characteristics， there is value in that． There is a predictable market here， though it may always be limited in size．
While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped， it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out． With the inevitable （不可避免的） success that cloned pet owners will have， the practice will become more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats．



What is the main idea of this passage？ ______

A. The brief introduction of pet cloning．
B. The behavior of cloned animals．
C. The cases of pet cloning．
D. The history of pet cloning．

What can be inferred from the passage？ ______

A. Pet cloning will be accepted by everyone．
B. New technology of pet cloning will be invented．
C. Human cloning may one day become a reality．
D. The price of pet cloning may not be cheap．

Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph？ ______

A. Cheap
B. wonderful
C. expensive
D. various

What does the author think of the market of pet cloning？ ______

A. Negative
B. Not clear
C. Indifferent
D. Optimistic

A few months after Wu Xingu was congratulated by teachers for graduating from the university， the 23-year-old has been making his dream of relieving tens of thousands of teachers in China from drowning in marking papers（改卷） a reality．
Yitiku， an online software system based on Wu's idea， eases the workload of teachers by doing many of the functions that they did， such as selecting the test questions， forming an exam paper， and preparing exercises for the students．
The features of Yitiku may sound quite simple， but this idea won his company millions of dollars from China's Internet giant Tencent in January． The unexpectedly successful fund raising story became a popular conversation starter among the people in the education business．
"I can say it's quite an achievement for me and our company． As far as I know， I'm the first CEO born after 1990s that Tencent has invested （投资） in， and we are the first online education company they have invested in．" Wu Xingyu told China Daily．
Different from other online companies that treat students as clients （客户）， Yitiku has chosen teachers as their focus． " We make the work of teachers easy． Usually it takes two to three hours for them to prepare a new exam paper． Now it's just three clicks．" said Wu． He is quite satisfied with the major feature of the software．
Sitting in his 10-square-meter office in Zhonguancun， a hub of innovation （创新） in Beijing， Wu looks confident and chatty when talking about his business． His fast-speed answers give people an impression that he has years of experience in the online education sector． The fact is that he had been putting most of attention in directing courses at an art college until about a year ago．



The best title for this passage might be ______ ．

A. 23-year-old wants to ease workload of teachers
B. the achievement made by a boy born after 1990s
C. Yitiku， an online software system loved by teachers
D. A 23-year-old surprises the China's Internet giant

Yitiku has the following function EXCEPT ______ ．

A. designing test papers
B. choosing the test questions
C. teaching the students
D. grading papers

The underlined word "hub" in the last paragraph means ______ ．

A. special center
B. small house
C. big market
D. supermarket

What will be continued after the last paragraph？ ______

A. Wu's family background
B. how Wu got the great idea
C. what Wu studied in an art college
D. Wu's experience in directing courses

Elephants are able to know the difference between a man and a woman， and can tell an adult （成年人） from a child-all from the sound of a human voice． This is according to a study in which researchers played voice recordings to wild African elephants．
The animals showed more fear when they heard the voices of adult Masai men． Usually Masai people hunt elephants， and this suggests that animals have grown to listen for and avoid them．
Prof． Karen McComb and Dr Graeme Shannon from the University of Sussex led the study． They explained that in former research they had used similar experiments to show that elephants could tell-from the sound of a lion-whether the animal was a female （雌性） or a more dangerous male （雄性）．
Prof． McComb wanted to find out if the animals used their very sharp sense of hearing to recognize danger from humans．
The scientists recorded Masai men， women and children saying， in their own language， "Look， look over there， a group of elephants are coming．" They also recorded Kamba men saying this phrase．
Masai people often come across elephants， which can result in violent （暴力的） hunting． Kamba people， however， mainly feed on agriculture， which does not generally bring them into violent touch with the animals．
When the team played recordings of these different voices through a hidden speaker， they found that elephant family groups showed more fear in response to the voice of a Masai man， than to a Kamba man's voice． And the adult male Masai voices caused far more violent response than the voices of women or boys．



An elephant can tell a man from a woman by sense of ______ ．

A. touch
B. sight
C. smell
D. hearing

How did the researchers get to know the elephants" special ability？ ______

A. By watching the elephants in the zoo．
B. By playing voice recordings to them．
C. By recording the behaviors of elephants．
D. By communicating with them in a special way．

We can learn from the passage that elephants are especially afraid of ______ ．

A. Masai men
B. Masai women
C. Kamba men
D. Kamba women

What is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Elephants and Human Beings
B. Differences Between Human Voices
C. Elephants Recognize Human Voices
D. Elephants at War with Human Beings

If there is one person who has left a deep impression on me， it's my teacher Mrs． Pathak who was my class teacher for three years． In my childhood， how I wished I had a mother or a sister like her． One moment she could be tough （严厉的） and strict， another moment caring and compassionate （富有同情心的）．
She always encouraged us to tell the truth． For instance， if one had not done the homework， he need not lie． She allowed us to make mistakes， saying we couldn't be perfect all the time， but we should try．
Another thing she taught me early on was punctuality． She set a good example with her own behaviour． She was always on time， so we students tried our best to be on time．
She surprised us with her sense of humour． Her classroom teaching was always humorous． After class， she talked to us and told us jokes．
We really felt free to ask questions and Mrs． Pathak would give the answers． If she did not know - there had been some occasions （场合） - she would say so． We all then tried to find out the answers． Whoever came up with the answer was appreciated and given the due credit （应有的称赞）． Now I sometimes wonder whether Mrs． Pathak was pretending just to encourage us to explore and find answers by ourselves．



According to the passage， which of the following is NOT suitable for describing Mrs． Pathak？ ______

A. Tough．
B. Humorous．
C. Compassionate．
D. Careful．

The underlined word "punctuality" in the third paragraph probably means ______ ．

A. being on time
B. being honest
C. being patient
D. being clean

The underlined word "so" in the last paragraph means that ______ ．

A. the answers were not right
B. she didn't know the answers
C. the answers were correct
D. she would give the answers

In the author's opinion， why didn't Mrs． Pathak give the answers to the questions sometimes？ ______

A. Because she didn't like answering the questions．
B. Because she didn't know the answers to the questions．
C. Because she wanted the students to find them out by themselves．
D. Because she thought the students knew the answers already．

Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive-through window of a local cafe， he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him． He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day， in case they're not already having one．
Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November． He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast -he had saved a life．
According to the website， someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th， he was planning on committing suicide． The writer said that while he was at the drive-through window， he was planning on going home， writing a note and ending his life． When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin， however， the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day．
"I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason，" said the writer． "Why me？ Why today？ If I were a religious man， I would take this as a sign． This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose．"
When the writer arrived home， he couldn't hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply． "I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone． I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house．"
The writer says that in the months following that fateful event， he does at least one kind thing for others every day． "To the nice man in the SUV， thank you from the bottom of my heart． Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life，" he said． "On July 18， 2017， I had the greatest day．"



What is Oliver's act of kindness every day？ ______

A. Buying others breakfast．
B. Greeting restaurant workers．
C. Publishing positive news．
D. Taking groceries for neighbors．

What is special about Oliver's act of kindness on July 18， 2017？ ______

A. It brought him thank-you letters．
B. It was reported on a news website．
C. It was the first time he'd paid for others．
D. It stopped someone from killing himself．

What does the underlined phrase "picked up the tab" mean in Paragraph 3？ ______

A. Paid the bill．
B. Parked the car．
C. Left a message．
D. Ordered a drink．

How did the writer of the letter feel after the event？ ______

A. He felt guilty．
B. He felt grateful．
C. He felt confused．
D. He felt saddened．

The world is witnessing the worst refugee crisis（难民危机） since World War II． Tens of thousands of people are fleeing civil war and unrest（动荡） to find new homes in Europe - sometimes with sad consequences（后果）．
On Aug 27， Austrian officials found the dead bodies of 71 Syrian migrants（移民） in an deserted truck near Austrian-Hungarian border， just as European leaders were holding a meeting in Vienna to figure out how to deal with the refugee crisis． On the same day， 200 migrants were feared dead and 200 rescued as two boats packed with refugees sank off the coast of Libya， according to media reports．
The terms "migrant" and "refugee" are often used interchangeably． But there's a big difference between them， says an article in the Atlantic magazine． Here is how the United Nations defines refugees：
"Refugees are persons fleeing armed conflict（武装冲突） or ill-treatment． Their situation is often so dangerous and intolerable that they cross national borders to search for safety in nearby countries． …These are people for whom denial（拒绝） of protection has possibly deadly consequences．"
Migrants， on the other hand， move mainly to improve their lives by finding work， or for education， family reunion or other reasons， said the agency．
Countries should offer refugees certain protections under their international treaty obligations（条约义务）． This is why some states hesitate to admit those people who are fleeing unrest in their home countries．
When talking about refugee and immigration problems， many media outlets use "illegal immigrant"（非法移民）． Critics say that it gives the impression that it's the person that is illegal rather than their actions． The UN and the EU parliament have called for an end to the phrase， the BBC reported．



The numbers mentioned in Para． 2 prove ______ ．

A. how serious the refugee crisis in Austria is
B. that it is the worst refugee crisis in the world
C. what sad consequences some refugees face
D. that the number of refugees is so large

The differences between "refugee" and "migrant" are written with the purpose of ______ ．

A. defining the two words clearly
B. indicating why some states are not willing to admit refugees
C. showing that refugees are more than migrants
D. urging European countries to accept more refugees

According to the text， "refugee" differs from "migrant" in that ______ ．
①they both cross national borders but with different purposes
②refugees are illegal while migrants are legal
③refugees may face deadly consequences while migrants are relatively safe
④refugees are treated badly while migrants are highly respected

A. ①④
B. ①③
C. ②③④
D. ①③④

According to the text， what may be discussed in the next several paragraphs？ ______

A. Explanations for "illegal immigrant"
B. Examples about the refugee crisis in Europe
C. Measures to offer refugee protections
D. Causes of the refugee crisis in Europe

Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year． Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans． So far there is no effective way to get rid of it， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics． The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours， and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams， or almost 3% of it． To confirm that the worms" chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown， the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films． 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms" stomachs． Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．
Federica Bertocchini， co-author of the study， says the worms" ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic "Wax is a complex mixture， but the basic bond in polyethylene， the carbon-carbon bond， is there as well， "she explains． "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond． "
Jennifer Debruyn， a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee， who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene． But compared with previous studies， she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting． The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to identify the cause of the breakdown． Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills． But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"



What can we learn about the worms in the study？ ______

A. They take plastics as their everyday food．
B. They are newly evolved creatures．
C. They can consume plastics．
D. They wind up in landfills．

According to Jennifer DeBruyn， the next step of the study is to ______ ．

A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ______ ．

A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future

What may be the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Landfills of Plastic
B. Plastic Eating Worms
C. The Diet of a Special Worm
D. A Study Method on Worm

When I was quite young， my family had one of the first telephones in the neighborhood． I remember well the shiny wooden case attached to the wall on the lower stair landing． But my first personal experience with this telephone came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor． Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement， I hurt my finger with a hammer． The pain was terrible， but there didn't seem to be much use crying， because there was no one home to offer sympathy． I walked around the house， and finally arrived at the stairway． The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool（脚凳）and dragged it to the landing． Climbing up， I removed the receiver and held it to my ear． "Information Please，" I said into the mouthpiece just above my head． A click or two， and a small， clear voice in the box spoke into my ear， "Information．"
"I hurt my finger-" I cried into the phone． The tears came readily enough， now that I had an audience．
"Isn't your mother home？" came the question．
"Nobody's home but me，" I sobbed．
"Are you bleeding？"
"No，" I replied． "I hit it with the hammer and it hurts．"
"Can you open your icebox？" she asked． I said I could． "Then break off a little piece of ice， and hold it on your finger． That will stop the hurt． Be careful when you use the icepick（冰锥），" she said． "And don't cry． You'll be all right．" After that， I called Information Please for everything． I asked her for help with my geography， and she told me where Philadelphia was． She helped me with my maths， and she told me that my pet chipmunk would eat fruit and nuts．



What did the writer do after he had his finger hurt？ ______

A. He burst into tears．
B. He visited a neighbor．
C. He asked for help on the phone．
D. He amused himself at the tool bench．

What can we infer from the passage？ ______

A. He cried at home when he was hurt．
B. He got comfort from Information Please．
C. He cried because he didn't find the telephone．
D. Information Please helped him with his geography．

Which is the best title of the passage？ ______

A. Home Alone
B. A Telephone
C. A Finger Hurt
D. The Voice in the Box

Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry． Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime． She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America．
Her poems described conditions among the poor， racial inequality and drug use in the black community． She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women． But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people． She was an expert at the language of poetry． She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience．
In her early poetry， Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago． The South Side of Chicago is where many back people live． In her poems， the South Side is called Bronzeville． It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945． Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time． The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection．
In 1950， Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry． She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen． Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter， a wife and mother． She experiences loneliness， loss， death and being poor． Ms． Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life．
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha， Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published． But now it is considered an important work by some critics． Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today．
In some of her poems， Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are． One example is this poem， Corners on the Curing Sky．
By the end of the 1960s， Gwendolyn Brooks's poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville． She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues．



What does the text mainly talk about？ ______

A. The life of Gwendolyn Brooks．
B. The struggles of black women．
C. The understanding about black culture．
D. The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks．

What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph？ ______

A. She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women．
B. She was good at using the language of poetry．
C. Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability．
D. Her poems were mainly about the African experience．

The author develops the passage mainly by ______ ．

A. providing examples
B. using statistics
C. comparing opinions
D. describing her experiences

In the next part， the author would most probably talk about ______ ．

A. the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet
B. the poems related to political issues
C. the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained
D. the racial inequality the black had to face