"Selfie"（自拍） joins ranks of dictionary words． In 2002，an Australian man went to his friend's 21st birthday party．He got drunk， tripped on some steps and cut his lip．He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends on an online forum．"And sorry about the focus，"he wrote．"It was a selfie．"That was the first recorded use of the word"selfie"，according to linguistic experts at Oxford Dictionaries． On Nov 19，Oxford Dictionaries declared"selfie"Word of the Year for 2013，in honor of the term having taken over the world thanks to millions of smart phone self-portraits and the resulting shares on social media． So what does the choice of the word say about our culture？Mary Elizabeth Williams，writing in Salon magazine，says the word reminds us that contemporary culture is defined by our narcissism （自恋）．Megan Jackson from a local newspaper points out a selfie may only focus on appearance． Selfies invite judgment based on appearance alone．What kind of cultural influence does this have on women？Erin Gloria Ryan on Jezebel says selfies teach young women to obsess over their appearance and judge themselves on the basis of beauty rather than accomplishments．"They're a reflection of the warped way we teach girls to see themselves as decorative，"said Ryan． In Slate magazine，Rachel Simmons has the opposite view．She argues that selfies are an example of young women promoting themselves and taking control of their own self-presentation．Think of each one，she says，as"a tiny pulse of girl pride-a shout-out to the self"．
Which of the following is true about the first use of"selfie"？ ______
A. The Australian man created it to celebrate his friend's 21st birthday． B. The Australian man created by chance when he got drunk and shared his photo online． C. Oxford Dictionaries used it to thank the creation of the smart phone． D. The social media were so advanced that they made the word transmitted．
The underlined word"tripped"in the second paragraph probably means" ______ "．
A. traveled B. stepped lightly C. fell down D. made mistakes
Who holds a positive opinion towards selfie in the life of women？ ______
A. Mary Elizabeth． B. Megan Jackson． C. Erin Gloria Ryan． D. Rachel Simmons．
The text is mainly concerned with ______ ．
A. the introduction of the word"selfie" B. the choice of the word"selfie" C. the history of the word"selfie" D. the characteristics of the word"selfie"
He was running hard to catch up with the rest of the his team when he fell over his own feet． When he struggled up， he felt his left ankle ______， and found his left hand ______ and his nose _______．（ ）
Academy Awards The Academy Awards are the most prominent film award in the United States．The Awards are granted by the Academy of Motin Picture Arts and Sciences．Academy Awards are nicknamed "Oscars"， which is also the nickname of the statuette（小雕像）．The name is said to have been born when Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said： It looks just like my uncle Oscar!" Berlin Film Festival One of the "A" festivals in Europe．The Berlin International Film Festival， also called the "Berlinale"， is held annually in February and started 1951after an initiative of the American， who occupied part of the city after World WarⅡ．The jury（专家评奖团）always placed special emphasis on representing films from all over the world， from the former Eastern Bloc（集团）Countries as well as from western countries．The awards are called Golden and Silver Bears （as the Bear is the symbol of Berlin）． Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival takes place every year in late August / early September on the Lido in the historic Palazzo del Cinema， in Venice， Italy， its main award is the " Leone d'Oro" （Golden Lion）．Recently， a new award has been added， the San Marco Award for the best film． Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Film Festival is a famous international film festival．It has been held annually in Cannes， in the south of France， since 1946 with a few exceptions．Given massive media exposure， the Festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe． The most famous award given out at Cannes is the "Palme d'Or" （Golden Palm） for the best film； this is sometimes shared by multiple films in one year．
Which Award can be shared by multiple films in one year？ ______
A. Golden Lion B. San Marco Award C. Academy Awards D. Golden Palm
Which of the following statements about "Oscars" is not true？ ______
A. It's the nickname of Academy Awards B. It's also the nickname of the statuette． C. It's an award in France． D. It got its name because Margaret said the statuette looked like his uncle．
Why is the Award for Berlin Film Festival called "Golden and Silver Bear"？ ______
A. The bear is the symbol of Berlin B. It is made up of bear fur C. It looks like a bear D. Bear is rare in Berlin
Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage？ ______
A. Introduce the nicknames of famous film awards． B. An advertisement for films and TV programmes． C. An introduction of famous film festivals and film awards D. A guide of how to spend famous film festivals
It is well known that the Japanese people's love of fish is almost as strong as a bee's interest in honey． As fish populations were decreasing， fishing companies were forced to fish further and further away from the shore． Then they had a big challenge - how to keep the fish fresh for longer． So they decided to keep the fish stored in freezers on the boats． But the public did not like frozen fish． So again the fishing companies had a new bigger challenge． What they decided to do was to have fish tanks on their boats． After catching fishes，they would put them in the tanks and keep them living there until they got back to shore． But in this protected environment， lacking predators（掠食者）， the fish slopped moving around． The Japanese public felt these dull fish did not taste fresh， which had an unpleasant effect upon sales． Once again the fishing companies had an even bigger challenge … Stop for a minute! Before we go any further， I would like to ask "What are your challenges？ How do you handle an unexpected challenge？" May I think it this way that you should try to attack your challenges？ Conquer them with a Swiss Army knife． Take the most proper and simple tool that you can adopt to deal with your situation． Now back to our story． How did the Japanese finally figure out the fresh fish problem？ Sharks! You might think the same． Sharks were caught and put into the tanks with other fishes． Don't sharks eat fish？ Well， they do eat a few fish， but they did also keep more fish active and alert（警觉的）． The fish stay fresh because they are challenged． Now， try to keep yourself fresh by finding your own shark to offer yourself a challenge in your own business and career．
The main reason for the fishing company to fish in the far sea is that ______ ．
A. the fishes farther away from the sea tasted fresher B. the fish resource near the shore was decreasing C. people would prefer eating fresh fishes to less fresh ones D. it was getting harder and harder to keep fishes fresh
Which was the best way for the fishing company to keep fishes fresh？ ______
A. Getting the fishes frozen． B. Storing the fishes with salt． C. Keeping the fishes with sharks in tanks． D. Putting the fishes in tanks
The underlined part of the last paragraph means " ______ ．"
A. If you went fishing， you might do as the fishing companies did B. To succeed in life， you should always be ready to meet challenges C. Try to find a big shark， and you will meet your challenge D. Sharks are usually compared to the challenges in people's life
The purpose for the author to write the passage is to ______ ．
A. tell the readers how the Japanese fishing companies work B. tell the readers how the Japanese keep the fish fresh C. suggest readers finding a shark to keep the fish fresh D. suggest readers looking for challenges to make progress
For many， music is as important to the human experience as eating and breathing． We hear music everywhere-at home， the gym， parties and stores． But what kind of music do we prefer to listen to， and when and why do our musical preferences change？ The relationship between the change of seasons and musical preferences was the focus of a study led by Psychologist Terry Pettijohn． He and his team based their research on a previous study that examined the relationship between popular music preferences and the Environmental Security Hypothesis （假设）． The results showed that over time， when social and financial conditions were more risky， the songs of the year that were slower， longer， more comforting and serious were most popular． And during periods in which social and financial conditions were generally stable， the result is opposite． Building on these findings， Pettijohn and his team wondered if the Hypothesis could also be applied to the change of seasons． For college students， the participants in this study， autumn begins at the start of the academic school year． Gone are the carefree days of summer， when school is out． Winter means colder temperatures， shorter days， and， in many places in the country， snow． Spring， however， is a different story． It represents a fresh start and when clocks spring（跳跃） forward， we gain an extra hour of daylight． As students walk into summer， they're absorbed in the sunshine and social activity-and enjoy a break from school． But do changing seasonal conditions influence musical preferences？ To answer this question， the researchers designed two studies． What did they find？ Both groups of college students favored more serious music during the seasons of fall and winter， and more active and energetic music during the spring and summer seasons． And these findings， Pettijohn believes， have practical significance．
The purpose of the question raised in Paragraph 1 is to ______ ．
A. present a different opinion on music B. prove where to listen to music matters C. introduce the topic on musical preferences D. stress the importance of music to humans
What influences a person's choice of music types according to the previous study？ ______
A. Whether one has enough free time． B. Whether one lives in a stable situation． C. Whether one is exposed to sunlight． D. Whether one chooses to change his life．
How does Pettijohn feel about the findings of his studies？ ______
A. It's unexpected B. It's significant． C. It's humorous． D. It's discouraging．
If asked if space exploration（探索） should continue， most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration． A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money． An average American， uneducated on the subject， might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens． Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched． This also costs the government money． Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense？ One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth． Actually， the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA） missions， and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy． Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft， the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry． Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many spinoff（衍生的） technologies it provides． The artificial heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle． The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents originated from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets． Insulation in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle． There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as spinoff technologies． These advances are found in food， building materials， medical procedures and the vehicles we drive． While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration， the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects． As a matter of fact， the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives．
How is Paragraph 2mainly developed？ ______
A. By listing data． B. By offering analyses． C. By giving some examples． D. By presenting research findings．
The function of Jaws of Life is to ______ ．
A. save people from traffic accidents B. do experiments on the space shuttle C. keep houses warm and energy efficient D. separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets
In the author's opinion， space exploration ______ ．
A. has changed our life completely B. costs too much of money C. has nothing to do with us D. benefits us in many ways
What would be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Benefits of space exploration B. Missions of the NASA space shuttle program C. How to make space exploration affordable D. Is space exploration worth the cost？
It was reported last week that developers could take photos from Apple mobile and Google Android devices without the phone owners knowing that the images were being taken． In Apple's case， developers can also obtain the location information for each photo． Senator （参议员） Charles Schumer said in a telephone interview that his office had spoken with officials at both Apple and Google on Monday． "We asked them if they could find a way on their own to prevent Apple from having access to private information，" Mr． Schumer said． "They were friendly and open to the idea that this ought to be changed．" On Sunday， Mr． Schumer said that he planned to send a letter to the Federal Trade Commission asking the agency to investigate Apple and Google after the privacy concerns came to light． Claudia Bourne Farrell， an F．T．C． spokeswoman， said the agency had received the letter but she could not comment further． "It worries people to think that one's personal photos， address book， and who knows what else can be obtained and even posted online without permission，" Mr． Schumer wrote in his letter to the F． T．C． "If the technology exists to open the door to this kind of privacy invasion， then surely technology exists to close it， and that's exactly what must happen．" Mr． Schumer said if Apple and Google could not come to an agreement to fix the problem， then he would be forced to take the issue further． He said other companies had been willing to work with his office to fix issues． "I'm optimistic that we can get this changed without any regulation，" he said． "If it's not changed， then we'll turn to the F．T．C．， and if that doesn't work then we'll consider legislative approach．" The F．T．C． has warned companies to try to be more vigilant （警醒的） in their efforts to protect consumers when it comes to privacy．
The senators spoke with officials at both Apple and Google ______ ．
A. to urge them not to invade consumers" privacy． B. to discuss whether it is illegal to have access to private information． C. to stop them from developing the technology of taking photos． D. to keep them from obtaining the location information for each photo．
Which of the following statements is True？ ______
A. Privacy invasion from Apple has existed for a long time． B. Mr． Schumer takes the privacy concerns caused by Apple and Google seriously． C. Privacy invasion from Google has existed for a long time． D. Apple and Google have decided to make a change．
Mr． Schumer's letter to the F．T．C． mainly shows that the technology to open the door to privacy invasion ______ ．
A. causes privacy invasion to happen frequently． B. can be used if permitted． C. causes people to worry about the safety of their personal information． D. causes personal information to be posted online without permission．
Where can we read about the passage？ ______
A. In a newspaper． B. In a magazine． C. In a science report． D. In a textbook．
