选择知识点

Teenagers need to eat healthy food while they're still young so that they will grow up to be healthy adults.Therefore,it is necessary for school cafeterias（食堂） to provide healthy food.With this in mind,the government has introduced a new food safety regulation that will improve health levels in schools.
The new regulation took effect on April 1.It requires those who are in charge of kindergartens,primary and secondary schools to eat with students in their cafeterias.Schools will also be required to make information regarding food sources and suppliers public.
The regulation also suggests that parents should eat with students at school in order to provide advice on food safety.Schools must find food safety problems and solve them in a timely manner.
If a school is caught buying low-quality food or failing to report food safety events,the people in charge of the school will be warned,fired or handed over to law enforcement（执法机关），the regulation says.
Parents across China have become increasingly angry about food safety events in schools,according to The Beijing News.
The most recent example occurred in March at the Chengdu No.7 High School Development School.Parents posted videos and photos of bad food that was served in the school's cafeteria,China Daily reported.The school's headmaster was eventually fired.In October,the head of an international school in Shanghai was fired after law enforcement found bad tomatoes and onions in the schools kitchen.



What does the new regulation require schools to do？ ______

A. Allow teachers and students to eat together.
B. Improve the conditions of their cafeterias.
C. Show the public where their food comes from.
D. Build more than one cafeteria.

What do we know from Paragraph 3？ ______

A. Parents should play a part in improving food safety in schools.
B. Teenagers should go home to eat meals every day.
C. Food safety problems can be easily solved.
D. Parents are angry about food safety events in schools.

What does the last paragraph tell us？ ______

A. School cafeterias often offer bad food to cut their costs.
B. School headmasters nationwide are not doing their jobs well.
C. Food can get bad more easily in the south than in the north.
D. The punishment for offering bad food is serious.

What's the best title of this passage？ ______

A. Students' eating habits.
B. Food safety in schools.
C. School headmasters.
D. Parent-teacher relationships.

The effect of drinking coffee on health has long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty.Since the 1980s,some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health,while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.
According to a scientific report,mild coffee consumption,three to five cups per day,can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern,along with other healthful behaviors.The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson's disease.
According to Dr.Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic,high consumption of coffee has health risks.Dr.Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body.Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.
According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr.Gregory Marcus,a doctor from the University of California San Francisco,daily moderate consumption of caffeine,less than 4 cups,is not associated with these issues.
Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health,it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.
When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee,Harwood,a high school student stated,"Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee,for the most part,coffee drinking sounds good for health.Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake."



What is people's attitude towards the effect of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1？ ______

A. Disapproving.
B. Tolerant.
C. Doubtful.
D. Mixed.

What does the underlined word "moderate" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ ______

A. Personal.
B. Slight.
C. Reasonable.
D. Heavy.

What can we infer about Harwood？ ______

A. He'll keep on drinking coffee.
B. He loves his high school life.
C. He often falls asleep in class.
D. He has some health problems.

As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing.The number of penguins have decreased by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world.They are common in South America,New Zealand,Australia and South Africa.Many live near cold waters.But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands.Penguins cannot fly,but they are fine swimmers.Penguins eat fish and krill（磷虾）.
The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins.The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer.Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill.Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce（繁殖）.Besides,many adult penguins die of hunger.
Widespread（广泛的） fishing,exploration for oil and oil leaks（漏）also make penguins be in danger.Poisonous things in ocean waters are another danger.Penguins also have their enemies,including wild dogs,sharks,seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad,however.Several years ago,oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa.The penguins became covered with oil.But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well.Then they returned the penguins to the wild.Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.



The first paragraph tells us that ______ .

A. some new kinds of penguins appear
B. all the penguins are in danger of disappearing
C. for more than 20 years,the number of penguins has decreased by 30%
D. there are twenty-seven kinds of penguins in all

What colours are penguins？ ______

A. They are black.
B. They are white.
C. They are black or white.
D. They are black and white.

Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguins' decrease in numbers？ ______

A. Oil leaking.
B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing.
D. Warming of the oceans.

A new study, published this week in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that non-human animals, tears are not so different from our own. The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species' tears-and how they're adapted to their environments-may provide insights into better treatments for human eye disease.
Previously, scientists had studied closely only the tears of a handful of mammals,including humans, dogs, horses, camels, and monkeys. In the new study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears of reptiles and birds for the first time, focusing on seven species.
Tears, which are released from tear tubes, form a film over the eye that's composed of three ingredients： mucus, water, and oil. The mucus coats the eyes surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural salty solution containing crucial proteins and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye from drying out.
Humans are the only known species to produce emotional tears； the expression "crocodile tears," which refers to a person's phony display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat.
But tears play key roles beyond weeping, notes Lionel Sebbag at Iowa State University, who was not involved in the new research. They help with vision by lubricating and clearing the eye. They also protect the eye against infection and provide nutrition to the cornea, the eye's clear outer layer, which lacks blood tubes, he says.
Learning how reptiles and birds use tears may also inspire new medications for conditions such as dry eye,which occurs when tear tubes don't produce enough oil. The disease, common in cats, dogs, and people, can sometimes lead to blindness.



What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ ______

A. The source of tears.
B. The composition of tears.
C. The classification of tears.
D. The definition of tears.

What does the underlined word "phony" in paragraph 4 mean？ ______

A. Tricky.
B. Regretful.
C. Cold.
D. False.

Which statement does Lionel Sebbag agree with？ ______

A. Weeping contributes to eye disease.
B. The cornea has rich blood tubes.
C. Tears oil and clear the eyes.
D. More tears mean better vision.

What might be the best title for the text？ ______

A. Tears, a barrier to eyes
B. A better treatment for eye disease
C. Non-human tears promise new cures
D. Other species' tears are similar to humans'

The debate over washing dishes by hand vs using a dishwasher has been on TreeHugger since it faced the world. In the earliest article I could find from 2005， the dishwasher came out the clear winner, with researchers from the University of Bonn saying it uses only half the energy and one-sixth the water.
Fifteen years later, we're still talking about it, and a new study published in the journal Environment Research Communications shows not much has changed. Dishwashers still take the prize for efficiency（效率），both in terms of energy and water used. The findings are interesting because kitchen cleanup is something we do every day, so why not learn the best way？
Forty participants were required first to load and run a dishwasher and then to wash dishes by hand the way they would at home. They answered survey questions afterwards about their dish washing behaviors. Three other participants were then required to load a dishwasher and wash dishes by hand following best practices. This meant not pre-rinsing（预冲洗）dishes before loading them in the dishwasher and using the recommended normal cycle with heated dry,rinse-aid, and high-quality cleaner. For washing dishes by hand, this meant using the two-basin method "where dishes are soaked（浸泡）in hot water,rinsed in cold water, and are air-dried."
These "best practices" differ from typical dish washing behaviors. Most people pre-rinse their dishes before loading them into a dishwasher. They also run the tap while washing by hand, which wastes large amounts of water, and rinse with hot water. The researcher found that these typical practices produce "5，620 and 2，090 kg of greenhouse gas emissions（排放）based on washing 4 loads a week for 10 years. " So the dishwasher was less than half as bad as hand-washing, even when improper techniques were used.
When it comes to water usage, the benefits of dishwashers continue. Over the course of ten years, a dishwasher will use 16，300 gallons of water,99.8 percent of which comes from daily use； whereas, washing the same number of dishes by hand for ten years will use 34，200 gallons.



What did people think of the dishwasher fifteen years ago？ ______

A. It was expensive.
B. It was effective.
C. It was of little use.
D. It was harmful.

What were the forty participants asked to do during the experiment？ ______

A. To wash dishes as they usually do.
B. To wash all the dishes without soaking.
C. To use the two-basin method for a week.
D. To ask questions about doing housework.

What is the typical way of washing dishes with a dishwasher？ ______

A. Tuning of the water tap during the process.
B. Soaking the dishes in hot water first.
C. Washing dishes four times a week.
D. Rinsing the dishes before loading them.

How much water can be saved with a dishwasher over ten years？ ______

A. About 5，500 gallons.
B. About 16，000 gallons.
C. About 18，000 gallons.
D. About 34，000 gallons.

Would you drink water that had once been flushed down a toilet？ After it's been cleaned, that is. The climate is warming, and the population of drought-prone states California continues to grow. So recycling wastewater into drinking water may become a necessity.
But, it can be really hard for people to get over their disgust（恶心） at the thought of drinking recycled water. "People are grossed out by cycled water, because it was once wastewater-you know, the stuff that goes down your kitchen drains, your showers, your toilets. And even though it's cleaned up to a standard that is identical, if not better, than commercially bottled water, the key barrier to recycled water acceptance is people's disgust regarding it," said Daniel Harmon, a psychologist in University of California.
In one experiment, the researchers had some participants watch a short video promoting water conservation. And in another experiment, they added a video explaining why recycled water might trigger disgust even though all pollutants have been removed. And neither video had a strong effect on people's willingness to drink recycled water or to support the practice.
The messages were not enough to get them to actually use recycled water more. "Disgust is such a powerful reaction that simply giving more information is not going to really be effective." The study appears in the journal Basic and Applied Social Psychology.
Researchers say it's probably going to take a lot more to get people to embrace recycled water. For example, it might help to see members of their community drinking water that's gone, as it's called, from "toilet to tap," with no ill effects.
It is clear that these kinds of more direct campaigns for acceptance are necessary to get people to get over that psychological barrier-to take that first sip, so to speak. Cheers!



Why is it hard for people to accept recycled water？ ______

A. They have a psychological barrier.
B. Recycled water contains pollutants.
C. People know little about recycled water.
D. Drinking recycled water can lead to illness.

What is the author's attitude towards drinking recycled water？ ______

A. Disapproving.
B. Tolerant.
C. Ambiguous.
D. Supportive.

Where is the text probably from？ ______

A. A news report.
B. A health handbook.
C. A science fiction.
D. A popular magazine.

The 2020 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to former U. S. Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） Louise Gluck. The prize committee stressed "her unmistakable poetic voice that with plain beauty makes individual existence universal". Gluck is the first American woman to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Gluck, 77， joins a list of literary giants and previous Nobel Prize winners, including, in this century, Canadian short-story master Alice Munro, Chinese magical-realist Mo Yan, etc.
Gluck's work includes 12 collections of poetry and a couple of volumes of essays on literary writing. "All are characterized by striving for（力求）clearness. Childhood and family life, the close relationship with families is a theme that has remained central to her," Anders Olsson, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature,said. "She seeks the universal, and in this she takes inspiration from myths（神话）and classical themes," Olsson added, citing her 2006 collection Averno, which the committee described as "masterly" for its "visionary interpretation of the myth of Persephone's fall into hell in the captivity（囚禁） of Hades, the god of death".
Gluck is a professor at Yale and a resident of Cambridge,and she also served as U. S. Poet Laureate from 2003 to 2004 and is no stranger to awards. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1993 for her collection of poems titled The Wild Iris,in which "she describes the miraculous return of life after winter"，the Nobel Literature Committee said on Thursday. She also won the 2014 National Book Award for poetry for Faithful and Virtuous Night. In 2016， President Obama awarded the National Humanities Medal to Gluck in a White House ceremony.
Being publicly shy,Gluck did not immediately give any comment about the latest honor for her body of work, which spans more than half a century. In a 2012 interview,she acknowledged that prizes can make "existence in the world easier" but did not mean the immortality（不朽） of a true artist.



What makes Gluck's works popular according to the prize committee in Paragraph 1？ ______

A. Magical realism.
B. The clue of the novel.
C. Simple beauty.
D. Fictional structure.

Which of the following is the main theme Gluck uses in her works？ ______

A. Thought about classic myths.
B. Life of childhood and family.
C. Experience of personal life.
D. Reflection on modern works.

What do the collections of poems Averno and The Wild Iris have in common？ ______

A. They won the same book awards.
B. They have become best-sellers.
C. They gave rise to Gluck's fame.
D. They talk about life and death.

What does Gluck imply in the last paragraph？ ______

A. Being famous is important to a struggling writer.
B. Being rewarded is not that vital to a true artist.
C. Being popular is not necessary for the writing.
D. Being shy is not a weakness for a famous writer.

At England's University of Plymouth,professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music. Miranda's robot have simple "vocal cords（声带）"and are programmed to sing and to listen to each voice, but each machine is exactly warbling sounds（颤音）that do not perfectly match the human voice, but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.
Each robot is equipped with speakers,software that mimics the human voice, a mouth that opens as it "sings"， a microphone for ears, and a camera for eyes. The robots also move. Miranda hopes that by studying his robot vocalists, he can discover something about how and why humans create, perform, and listen to music.
When the robots sing,the first one robot makes six random sounds. Its partner responds with more sounds. The first robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences（序列）are similar. If they are,it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory, and the second robot notices and "memorizes" the musical sequence,too. If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different, it shakes its head and both robots ignore the sounds. Then the process continues.
Miranda set up an experiment in which he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks. When he returned, his little warblers had, by imitating each other, not only shared notes but combined them. The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic（交响乐），but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own self-developed "songs".
With the help of his warbling robots,one of Miranda's goals is to create music that no human would ever compose. Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any existing musical styles or roles.



Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "mimics" in Paragraph 2？ ______

A. Substitutes.
B. Interrupts.
C. Controls.
D. Copies.

What did the two robots do during Miranda's experiment？ ______

A. They interacted with each other.
B. They ignored the unique sound.
C. They learned to sing better than humans.
D. They committed random sounds to memory.

What does Miranda want his robots to do？ ______

A. Sing as well as humans do.
B. Create new styles of music.
C. Memorize a variety of music.
D. Promote traditional musical forms.

What is the text mainly about？ ______

A. Future robots
B. Special songs.
C. Music by robots.
D. Experiments by Miranda.

Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proved it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children？ Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children.
First, music is good for children's intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated（刺激）by the rhythm and tone of music.
Music also has soothing（抚慰的） effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today's children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children's health. Luckily,listening to music can help them feel better.
Music can improve children's moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don't take interest in their surroundings. In such cases,a method known as "music therapy" comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them.
Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.
Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music.



By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1， the author wants to show ______ .

A. Children should listen to music
B. Why adults should listen to music
C. Listening to music is only good for adults
D. Why scientists are interested in music

What does the underlined word "impairs" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______

A. shows.
B. changes.
C. improves.
D. harms.

The last but second paragraph shows that listening to music means ______ .

A. Understanding foreign cultures better
B. Learning languages better
C. Accepting the fast developing world easily
D. Showing greater interest in other cultures

What would be the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Why do Children Love Music？
B. How to Choose Music for Children
C. Why is Music Important to Children？
D. How to Teach Children Music Easily

One supermarket chain in Finland has come up with a way to reduce food waste. All 900 S-Market stores throughout the country knock 60 percent off already-reduced meat and fish at 9 o'clock each evening in an effort to move it off shelves before expiring （过期） at midnight.
"It's part of a two-year campaign to reduce food waste that company managers decided to call 'happy hour' in the hope of drawing in regular customers."
It makes customers get super-cheap food, sellers don't have to pay for disposal and it eases the burden on the planet.
Reducing food waste is not often enough seen as an effective solution to the climate crisis. Energy,for example, receives more focus than food, and yet food is something that individuals can and should solve on a personal level. A recent UN report stated that a shocking one-third of food produced for human consumption never gets eaten. This equals 1.3 billion tons of food worth ＄680 billion. From the report："Causes of food loss and waste differ greatly between developed and developing countries, as well as between regions. Reducing this loss and waste would reduce greenhouse gas emissions （排放物） and improve food security."
Supermarkets are well positioned to make a difference when it comes to food waste,but they have to be willing to accept some financial losses. Reducing prices on nearly-expired food is an excellent place to start, as is doing away with discounts, e.g. two for the price of one, which encourages over-buying.
Individuals have a responsibility,too,to eat more of what they buy. Take a moment to look at the contents of your refrigerator before shopping and work with what you have,in order of how soon items will expire. Don't be influenced by in-the-moment desires. Consider mentioning the S-Market new act to your local grocery store, in hopes that it, too, will consider carrying a happy hour of sorts out.



What does S-Market's act result in？ ______

A. Greater recognition.
B. A win-win-win situation.
C. More financial profit.
D. More new customers.

What can we know about food waste？ ______

A. Solving it is an effective way to fight climate crisis.
B. It is much more serious than people think.
C. People don't have the awareness of avoiding food waste.
D. People need to quickly find out the reason for food waste.

What does the author advise readers to do in the last paragraph？ ______

A. To buy with care.
B. To take action immediately.
C. To join local grocery stores' campaign.
D. To come up with new ways to solve food waste.

What can be the best title of the passage？ ______

A. It is Everyone's Responsibility to Solve Food Waste
B. Food Waste Hasn't Been Taken Seriously Enough
C. Finnish Supermarkets Use "Happy Hour" to Fight Food Waste
D. Finnish Supermarkets Sell Nearly-expired Food