选择知识点

Here are some superheroes in the fight against COVID-19（新冠肺炎）.Let's come close to them and remember them.
Zhong Nanshan（1936.10-）
He is a doctor and also one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century.Dr.Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted（传播、传染）from person to person.He is a good doctor in the country men's eyes and respected by all Chinese people.
Li Lanjuan （1947.09-）
When COVID-19 broke out,she suggested that Wuhan should be locked down immediately to prevent the spread of the disease.She headed for Wuhan and took an active part in the battle.Now,she still work as a doctor and receives patients every day.
Wang Yong （1985.12-）
As a delivery（快递）driver,he volunteered to support the medical staff（员工）in Wuhan during the epidemic （疫情）.He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses.Time magazine has put on its cover,presenting the courage and hard work of common people.
Li Wenliang （1985.10-2020.02）
He is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the virus could be at the end of December in 2019，so people call him the "whistle-blower"（吹哨人）.Because of COVID-19，he lost his life on February 7th,2020.People across the country were sad to hear about his death.



How many of them are doctors in the passage？ ______

A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.

What did Wang Yong do during the epidemic（疫情）？ ______

A. He drew a cover for Time Magazine.
B. He was busy with his own business.
C. He wrote an article to Time magazine.
D. He volunteered to support to the doctors and nurses to keep their life going.

When did Li Wenliang warn people the danger of the virus？ ______

A. At the end of December in 2019.
B. At the beginning of 2019.
C. On January 25th,2020.
D. On February 7th,2020.

Wearing sports clothes,many Chinese people will go outdoors happily with their families or friends on March 12.They are just planting trees on this special day - China's Arbor Day （中国植树节）.
When it comes to China's Arbor Day,we can't help thinking of Mr.Ling Daoyang.He was born in 1888.When he worked as an English teacher in Beijing,he got a chance to study forestry（林业）at Yale University.After graduating in 1914，he returned to China and became a famous expert（专家）in forestry science.In 1915，he advised that the Qingming Festival should also be China's Arbor Day.His suggestion was welcomed by most people.In 1929，National Arbor Day was moved to March 12，the day Mr.Sun Yat-sen passed away,who did much to support forestry.
In 1979，March 12 was officially announced（正式宣布）as China's Arbor Day.Since then,thousands of trees have been planted all over China,making our country much more beautiful.
China's Arbor Day is educational for all of us.It reminds us that we should protect our earth and thank our old generations,who planted green,hope and joy for us.



According to the text,people often go outdoors on March 12 to ______ .

A. do sports
B. study English
C. find jobs
D. plant trees

What was Ling Daoyang in Beijing then？ ______

A. A farmer.
B. A student.
C. A teacher.
D. A worker.

What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ ______

A. The studies of China's Arbor Day.
B. The activities of China's Arbor Day.
C. The demands of China's Arbor Day.
D. The meanings of China's Arbor Day.

We all need Vitamin（维生素）D because it helps to build and keep strong bones.A lack of it can lead to some bone diseases.As studies show,sunlight is great for making Vitamin D.When you're outdoors,your body will create the Vitamin D you need from direct sunlight on your skin.
In order to get enough Vitamin D，you should get 10-30 minutes of sunlight at a time,several times a week.However,people with darker skin may need a little more time than this.Besides,your exposure（暴露）time in the sunlight should depend on how sensitive（敏感）your skin is to sunlight.Too much sunlight can be dangerous,for it may cause some bad results,including sunburn,eye damage,and skin problems.If you have to stay in the sunlight for a long time,you should be careful not to let sunlight hurt your skin,so take care to protect your skin with sunscreen before it starts to turn red.
In a word,your ability to make Vitamin D from sunlight depends on the time of day,your skin color,where you live and so on.Keep those in mind when you go out for Vitamin D from sunlight.



Why do people need Vitamin D according to Paragraph 1？ ______

A. To keep their hair healthy.
B. To make their teeth white.
C. To make their faces pretty.
D. To keep their bones strong.

We can infer that our body creates Vitamin D by ______ .

A. doing some exercise
B. losing much weight
C. staying in the sunlight
D. walking in the moonlight

What does the underlined word "sunscreen" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______

A. 防晒
B. 防水服
C. 防尘罩
D. 防腐剂

Where is the text probably taken from？ ______

A. A story book.
B. A telephone book.
C. A health magazine.
D. A music magazine.

How fit are your teeth？Are you lazy about brushing them？Never fear：An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well yon brush,and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right（don't forget the insides of the teeth）and make sure you're brushing long enough. "It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch you brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval,the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so developers could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun," Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said "Yes.".But Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will be on sale this summer,from 99 to199，developing on features.The USA is the first target market.
Serval says that one day,it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.



Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush？ ______

A. It can help users find their phones.
B. It can track users' school performance.
C. It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist.
D. It can sense how users brush their teeth.

What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3？ ______

A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
C. You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
D. You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.

What can we infer about Serval's children？ ______

A. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C. They were unwilling to brush their teeth.
D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.

What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree？ ______

A. The brush handle will be removed.
B. A mobile phone will be built into it.
C. It will be able to check users' teeth.
D. It will be used to fill holes in teeth.

A Russian natural gas tanker（油轮）has completed an experimental round trip along the Northern Sea Route（NSR）-the first time the path across the Arctic has been made at this time of year.It returned to the Russian gas station at Sabetta on February 19.The voyage by the Christophe de Margerie tanker through the ice is the latest visual indicator of climate change in the cold region.
The tanker set out from a Chinese port on January 27 after delivering its cargo.It entered the Northern Sea Route,which traverses（横越）Russia's north coast.A few days later near Cape Dezhnev,it was met by the Russian nuclear icebreaker 50 Let Pobedy（50 Years of Victory）.Together they completed the 2，500-nautical-mile voyage through the ice in 11 days and 10 hours.
The ship managed to complete the first leg of the trip from Russia to China without an icebreaker.Both of the journeys broke records for winter navigation（航行）due to the changing climate in the Arctic allowing passage through thinner ice.Using the Northern Sea Route lets shippers in Russia and other countries avoid a much longer southern journey around Europe,the Middle East and all of southern Asia,saving millions of dollars.
The ships encountered no multi-year buildup of old ice on the route,and the deepest ice was about 5 feet thick.However,meteorologist and journalist Eric Holthaus called that a clear indicator of "a climate emergency".
Last May,Christophe de Margerie became the first large-capacity cargo ship to complete an eastbound transit of the Northern Sea Route,two months earlier in the year than the journey traditionally made.
"As a result of the early Northern Sea Route voyage completed by Christophe de Margerie in May 2020，as well as the current NSR voyage,the navigation in the Eastern part of the Arctic was practically doubled," Eric Holthaus said.He noted that for decades the transit route along that part of the NSR had typically remained closed by ice from November until July.



Which factor contributed most to Christophe de Margerie's successful trip？ ______

A. The ideal equipment.
B. The ocean current.
C. The nuclear power.
D. The climate change.

What's Eric Holthaus' attitude to the gas tanker's trip across the Arctic？ ______

A. Skeptical.
B. Concerned.
C. Critical.
D. Tolerant.

What does the underlined word "encountered" in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______

A. Picked up.
B. Prepared for.
C. Came across.
D. Depended on.

How long can the NSR route be used by cargo ships now？ ______

A. 2 months.
B. 3 months.
C. 4 months.
D. 6 months.

Not all animal rights activists love animals.Some respect them because they understand animals have a place in the world.Zoos,especially the ones that are doing everything right,present a special challenge to the animal-loving advocates（拥护者）because they would like to see and interact with the animals.
Zoo advocates argue that they save endangered species and educate the public,but many animal rights activists believe the costs outweigh the benefits,and the violation（违反）of the rights of the individual animals is unreasonable.Roadside zoos,petting zoos,and smaller animal exhibitors tend to offer inadequate space for the animals,keeping them in pens or cages.Sometimes cold concrete and metal bars are all a tiger or bear will know for their entire lives.Larger,trusted zoos try to distance themselves from these operations by selling how well the animals are treated,but to animal rights activists,the problem is not how well the animals are treated,but whether we have a right to limit them for our amusement or "education".
By bringing people and animals together,zoos educate the public and promote an appreciation of the animals.This exposure and education motivate people to protect the animals.Zoos save endangered species by bringing them into a safe environment,where they are protected from poachers（偷猎者），habitat loss,starvation,and predators（捕食者）.Many zoos also have multiplying programs for endangered species.In the wild,these individuals might have trouble finding mates and multiplying.A good zoo provides an enriched habitat in which the animals are never bored,are well cared for,and have plenty of space.Zoos are a tradition,and a visit to a zoo is a healthy family activity.
In the case of zoos,both sides will argue that their side saves animals.Whether,or not zoos benefit the animal community,they certainly do make money.As long as there is demand for zoos,they will continue to exist.We can start by making sure that zoo conditions are the best possible for the animals who are limited to them.



What do we know about Zoo's advantages？ ______

A. It can protect animals and provide room for communicating.
B. It gives people more chances to get in touch with animals.
C. It can offer foods that all the animals need while animals are in trouble.
D. It makes animals live longer there without any sickness.

Who are for Zoos？ ______

A. Animal rights activists.
B. Zoo advocates.
C. Animal-loving advocates.
D. All the poachers' activists.

What will happen to Zoos in the future？ ______

A. They will be cancelled.
B. They will be combined with aquariums（水族馆；水族箱）.
C. They will be limited.
D. They will become better and better.

What is the text mainly about？ ______

A. Endangered species in zoos.
B. Zoos' advantages and disadvantages.
C. People and animals in zoos.
D. Arguments for and against zoos.

Plants don't bleed red and scream the way antelopes（羚羊）do when lions bite them,but they often die all the same if they can't defend themselves.A study by researchers at Missouri and the University of British Columbia proves that plants not only know when they're being eaten,but that they can tell several different insects apart even when they cat at the same time.
Appel and her coauthors-Jack Schultz,a University of Missouri researcher who led the study,and Joerg Bohlmann,a University of British Columbia researcher who performed genetic（基因的）studies,along with six others-planted Arabidopsis seeds in a lab and allowed them to grow to a size that caterpillars（毛毛虫）and worms love.Then they let the insects eat the plants.Plants lose water and tissue and,worse,might get infected（感染）with some sort of bacteria,but generally they live to see another day.
The researchers found that the plants produced chemicals that gave them the unpleasant smells to drive the insects away.Moreover,there were different genetic responses to each worm,showing that the plant actually knew what was eating them.
The study,financed by the National Science Foundation and published in the journal Frontiersin Plant Science,wasn't carried out for charity.Arabidopsis is an important plant that can bring in a lot of money for farmers.
This could allow agriculturalists who grow and design cash crops to give them the skills to drive off farm pests（害虫）."If we want to grow plants that can keep insects away," Appel said,we might as well find out how they respond to different insects that feed on them.



What is the best title of this text？ ______

A. Plants can know which insects are eating them
B. New plants help farmers earn more money
C. Scientists found a new way to grow plants
D. Scientists found plants could protect themselves

How do plants protect themselves？ ______

A. By changing their genes.
B. By producing special chemicals.
C. By loosing water and tissue.
D. By telling who is eating them.

What shows that plants know who is eating them？ ______

A. Plants have different genetic reactions.
B. Plants produce the same chemicals.
C. Plants have skills to drive off farm pests.
D. Plants can tell several different insects apart.

The result of the study can be helpful to ______ .

A. protect a rare plant from dying out
B. deal with pests
C. to design a new kind of insect
D. raise money for charity

Everyone has heard the phrase,"giving up is not an option".Many disregard it and do not believe in it.But this small yet effective phrase gives a strong message.There will always be something that interrupts or causes inconvenience in the journey to achieve the dreams.But that should not drive one away from the path that they are on.Fitting the context perfectly is the story of Ian William.
Popularly known as the "Social Golfer"，Ian William is an accountant,lecturer,author,and a former golf player.He dreamed of playing golf at childhood.He would often observe players playing from a distance.He worked hard and changed his financial（财政的）difficulties.Then he began practicing various golf matches.Due to his devotion and love for the sport,he picked up the techniques quickly and soon began playing as a professional.He also dreamed of participating in the Senior Golf Tour in the coming year.
However,in 1996，Ian was diagnosed with a tumor（肿瘤）in the left part of his brain,which affected his hearing from the right side and damaged his balance nerve.He experienced two surgeries in 1997 with a smile and a hope to be cured.Although the surgeries were successful,Ian caught meningitis（脑膜炎） while recovering from it.Apart from being hopeful and optimistic,there was no other way Ian could cope with the situation.
Just as things had begun to normalize,in 2006，Ian's body was affected by a major stroke.This stroke numbed（使麻木）the left side of his body.His life-long dream of participating a golf tournament could not be realized anymore.
Ian took his time to recover and came back even stronger.He wanted to encourage millions with his journey and decided to share his experiences through a book.Ian has now published his 3rd book Still Crazy After All These Years,in 2020.



What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 1 refer to？ ______
A. The option.
B. The message.
C. The challenge.
D. The dream.

What can we infer from Paragraph 2？ ______

A. William showed talent in golf as a child.
B. The lack of money prevented him practicing golf at an early age.
C. William's road to becoming a professional golfer was smooth.
D. Talent and effort made William learn quickly.

Which of the following helps William face the illnesses according to the passage？ ______

A. Doctors' comfort.
B. Family's support.
C. Advice from the books.
D. Hope and optimism.

What can we learn from William's story？ ______

A. Move forward whatever happens.
B. Love wins over illness.
C. Seize every opportunity to learn.
D. Luck favors ready minds.

Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics.Now some state and local governments have passed laws that require citizens to recycle their food waste as well.California and Vermont have statewide laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes.The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting（堆制肥料）.
Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels,coffee grounds,tea bags,and eggshells.Garden waste such as stems and leaves can also be composted.Meat,fish,and dairy food waste cannot be recycled.
According to environmental groups,composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills（垃圾填埋池），and composted waste holds a wide range of nutrients.When compost is added to the soil in gardens and fields,it helps crops grow.
Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are passing food-waste recycling laws. "Our landfills are far from enough for the creation of new ones is shrinking." Renee Crowley,a project manager said.
Officials in Seattle,Washington,say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills,and they are looking to reduce that percentage.That city has a law requiring people to recycle food waste.It is banned from all garbage.There is a fine for people who put it into regular garbage.
Crowley points out that even in cities where food recycling is not a law,there are often places where citizens can drop off their food waste for composting.Many schools and colleges have also started composting programs.
Those who are against food-recycling laws say that the composting process is costly.In addition,it can be difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste because they don't have access to outside storage bins.Patti Ferguson from Orange County,California,told her local newspaper that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.



What do we know about composting from the text？ ______

A. It is cheap to compost food waste.
B. Not all food waste can be reused.
C. Not all soil can be composted.
D. It is usually processed in empty landfills.

What is the third paragraph mainly about？ ______

A. Ways of keeping nutrients in the soil.
B. Ways of reducing the amount of trash.
C. Benefits of recycling food waste.
D. Examples of different useful nutrients.

In Seattle,throwing food waste into garbage is ______ .

A. illegal
B. shameful
C. required
D. acceptable

Patti Ferguson's attitude towards food-recycling laws is probably ______ .

A. thankful
B. supportive
C. uncaring
D. negative

With nearly 40 plays and over 150 sonnets to his credit,William Shakespeare is considered one of the world's greatest writers.But should Shakespeare get the credit？That is the question that some historians and scholars have posed since the mid-19th century.
Some people believe that Shakespeare didn't write the plays that bear his name.Shakespeare's critics（评论家）include several famous people,such as Orson Welles,Sigmund Freud,Mark Twain and Charlie Chaplin.
Historical documents of Shakespeare's life are quite hard to find.Despite searches by historians over the years,no one has ever found any handwritten notes by Shakespeare.
Shakespeare was born in 1564 as a commoner（平民）who was educated at a free school.With such a humble（卑微的）background and without an advanced education,some people believe Shakespeare couldn't have written so well about complex political and legal matters.
The first time it was suggested that Shakespeare might not be the author of his works was in 1848.Over the last century,over 70 other people have been suggested as the "true" author of Shakespeare's works,including Francis Bacon and Christopher Marlowe.However,the favorite candidate（候选人）as the "true" Shakespeare has been Edward de Vere,the 17th Earl（伯爵）of Oxford.His position as the Earl of Oxford would have given him the necessary knowledge of life in the English court that some people believe the "real" Shakespeare must have had.
William Shakespeare's supporters,however,point out that some of Shakespeare's most famous works were published after Edward de Vere's death in 1604.They also note that Shakespeare's name is on all of his works.And some writers at that time wrote reviews of his works and mentioned him by name as one of the best writers of his era.
Without a breakthrough discovery of historical documentation,the Shakespeare authorship debate will likely continue into the future.No matter which side of the debate you fall on,you can still enjoy the many fantastic works of Shakespeare…whoever he may be!



What makes some people believe others wrote Shakespeare's plays？ ______

A. Shakespeare was too busy to write so many works.
B. Shakespeare did not receive a very good education.
C. There are few historical documents of Shakespeare's life.
D. Some of the plays were published before Shakespeare was born.

Who was believed to be the most likely author of Shakespeare's works？ ______

A. Orson Welles.
B. Christopher Marlowe.
C. Sigmund Freud.
D. Edward de Vere.

What evidence is there that Shakespeare wrote his own plays？ ______

A. There is the name of Shakespeare on these plays.
B. Shakespeare was well-known for these plays in his lifetime.
C. Shakespeare had a good knowledge of life in the English court.
D. Lots of famous people at the time spoke highly of Shakespeare's plays.

What's the author's attitude towards the argument？ ______

A. He firmly believes that Shakespeare wrote his own plays.
B. He thinks that the plays were not written by Shakespeare.
C. He is uncertain whether Shakespeare wrote his own plays.
D. He cares about who really wrote Shakespeare's plays.