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Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.
The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.
Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20-metre-wide canals had been carved through the mountain.
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.
（1）What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?
A.Reducing flooding and watering farmland.
B.Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.
C.Watering farmland and improving water quality.
D.Drying the river and supplying cities with water.
（2）What was the main cause of the Minjiang Rivers flooding?
A.Heavy rains.
B.Melting snow.
C.Low river banks.
D.Steep mountains.
（3）How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei?
A.By using gunpowder.
B.By flooding the rocks with water.
C.By applying a heating and cooling technique.
D.By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.
（4）Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?
A.It preserves much of the natural river life.
B.It took very little time to complete the project.
C.The building techniques used were very modem.
D.It has raised the living standards of the local people.

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A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer（驯鹿）there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent. The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.
In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃, grasslands have become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive（孕育）more calves.
However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.
Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen , said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio（表面积与体积比）, they are no particularly energy efficient.
Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers（鹿角）, but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food. “The implication（含义）are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,”said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.
（1）Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?
A.Heavy snow.
B.Greater rainfall.
C.Hard ice.
D.Global warming.
（2）According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to_________.
A.grass growing more rapidly in summer
B.more rainfall in the arctic area in winter
C.female reindeer's gaining more weight in winter
D.female reindeer's suffering from hunger in winter
（3）What does the underlined word“gloomy”in the last paragraph mean?
A.Exciting.
B.Optimistic.
C.Disappointing.
D.Doubtful.
（4）How does the writer develop the passage?
A.By analyzing the research.
B.By classification of reindeer.
C.By comparing opinions of experts.
D.By telling stories of different species.

Shirley Temple Black began her film during the Great Depression in the US, ___________ the country’s economy was going through a rough patch.

Resources and investment are heavily concentrated in big cities, contributing to the population __________ and the dilemma of young people.

With rising work pressure in big cities, Zhang Yixuan decided to return to his hometown. Before that, he _________ at a media company since his university graduation.

With bans on fireworks, at one point, almost 300 cities across my country ____ rules banning the use of fireworks.

______, as long as I am with nature, I will not give up.

— Sorry to hear that Jack has failed the test again.

— That’s why he is ______. I think a walk to the playground will be a help for him.

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When summer arrives, it's not uncommon to get a strong desire for sand and water. But those who can only make day-long trips may find it hard to achieve. Don't worry! Plenty of opportunities for kicking back in the sand exist here in Ohio, although it's far away from the oceans.
East Harbor State Park Beach
1169 N. Buck Rd., Lakeside-Marblehead
Those looking for a bit of extra space between their blankets and their neighbors' will like this beach. At 1,500 feet long, the sandy strip has a significant amount of real estate(房产）for sunning or relaxing in the shade. Amenities(设施）include a bathhouse, vending machines, grills and picnic tables.
Nickel Plate Beach
Corner of Tiffin Avenue and Nickel Plate Drive, Huron
Anyone who spends a day at the beach knows that swimming and doing sports on the beach give you a good appetite. Luckily, Nickel Plate Beach offers a variety of dining options nearby, including beachside pizza delivery. Amenities include a sheltered picnic area, charcoal grills, playground equipment and beach volleyball courts.
Main Street Beach
Main Street, Vermilion
No beach umbrella or chairs? No problem. This beach offers hourly rents of chairs, umbrellas, tables, shade tents and wheelchairs. And with downtown Vermilion only a block away，shops and restaurants are nicely within reach. Amenities include an observation deck and some benches. No lifeguards are on duty.
Kelleys Island State Park Beach
920 Division St. Kelleys Island
With its gradual water depth, this beach is perfect for young children. The park's campground also includes a playground and a store with snacks and ice cream. Other amenities include a picnic shelter and hiking trails.
（1）What do the beaches have in common?
A.They are all at the seaside.
B.They are all close to downtown areas.
C.There are lifeguards on duty on all the beaches.
D.They serve the needs of people who cannot travel long distance.
（2）Which beach is the best choice for people who don’t like to be crowded around?
A.East Harbor State Park Beach.
B.Nickel Plate Beach.
C.Main Street Beach.
D.Kelleys island State Park Beach.
（3）Who will be more likely attracted by Nickel Plate Beach?
A.Hiking lovers who are going on a diet.
B.Athletic men who get hungry easily.
C.A family with two children under 10.
D.An aged couple with no shade tents.
（4）Which of the following is one of the attractions of Kelleys Island State Park Beach? /
A.Children can swim in the shallow water.
B.People can rent whatever they need there.
C.Parents can leave their children with lifeguards.
D.People can do shopping and enjoy the sunshine at the same time.

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Top UK Summer Camps
Oxford Summer Academy,Oxford
The Oxford Summer Academy is a specialized program for 16-19-year-olds who want a taste of life at one of the world's most well-known universities.Activities range from morning tutorials（辅导）to afternoon electives that are designed to broaden students' understanding of what they'll be studying and how to be excellent in their chosen fields.
Ardmay House,Long Loch,Scotland
Ardmay House is the sort of adventure camp that makes adults jealous.Campers are presented with Lord of The Rings type settings to feel and try new things.With activities like climbing,beach art,fashion shows and quiz nights, kids are brought closer to nature and their peers in a fun and safe environment.
Uppingham Summer School,Uppingham
The Uppingham Summer School offers an impressive variety of summer courses from arts and crafts to theatre, cookery and sports.It was their Creativity Technologies Powerhouse that caught our eye when researching camps for this article.The course covers everything from iPhone app and design to computer game design,film-making,robot design and music technology.It's basically a course that takes them through the most exciting technology among the modem media.It's an amazing environment for kids to learn and grow in.
Learn and Experience,Yorkshire
Learn and Experience focuses on giving kids from the UK and abroad a chance to interact and have a good time with one another,an experience that makes them grow as individuals.With half the campers coming from abroad,it's a golden opportunity for curious kids to put their geography classes into practice without having to leave the country.
（1）Who will be most interested in Oxford Summer Academy?
A.Those who are entering Oxford.
B.Those who have to improve their studies.
C.Those who want to practice their oral English.
D.Those who want to experience the life of Oxford.
（2）The Uppingham Summer School attracts kids mainly because of      .
A.its art courses
B.its amazing environment
C.its creative technology courses
D.its good condition
（3）A student who wants to put his geography knowledge to practical use will go to      .
A.Oxford Summer Academy, Oxford
B.Ardmay House, Long Loch, Scotland
C.Uppingham Summer School, Uppingham
D.Learn and Experience, Yorkshire