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Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.However,whether you are on the mountains,in the waves,or on the grassland,you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry.Golf,as you may know,eats up not only large areas of countryside,but also tons of water.Besides,all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition.This causes major environmental effects.For example,in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain,golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports.Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes；and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse.Simple and free,power walking can also keep you fit.If you walk regularly,it will be good for your heart and bones.Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious,sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up,you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.But the final goal should be "green gyms".They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers.Members of green gyms play sports outdoors,in the countryside or other open spaces.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.And best of all,it's free.



Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of？ ______

A. Cycling around a lake.
B. Motor racing in the desert.
C. Playing basketball in a gym.
D. Swimming in a sports center.

What do we know about golf from the passage？ ______

A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.
B. It causes water shortages around the world.
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.

The author uses power walking as an example mainly because ______ .

A. it is an outdoor sport
B. it improves our health
C. it uses fewer resources
D. it is recommended by experts

The author writes the passage to ______ .

A. show us the function of major sports
B. encourage us to go in for green sports
C. discuss the major influence of popular sports
D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports

Imagine,John Lennon's most famous song was recently voted "Britain's favourite song of all time".It's an idealistic song about peace and hope for a better world. 'Imagine all the people living life in peace'.The song was a big hit in 1971 and again in 1981 Lennon was murdered in New York.It became a hit for a third time after the terrorist attacks of September 11^th，2001.
But who really wrote the song？Until recently the answer to this question was always John Lennon.But on a TV program this week,Lennon's wife,Yoko Ono,spoke for the first time about how she in fact helped to write the song.
Ono said that the idea and inspiration（灵感）for imaging came from some of her poems that John Lennon was reading at that time.The poems began with the word 'Imagine'.Ono said during the Second World War,my brother and I were terribly hungry.I imagined delicious menus for him and he began to smile.
In an interview just before he died,Lennon admitted that Yoko deserved credit for imaging.He said a lot of it came from her,from her book of poems.Imagine this,imagine that.
Ono said that some of the song was written when they were flying across the Atlantic,and the rest was written on the piano in their bedroom at their home in England.Ono said,"The song speaks about John's dream for the world.It was something he really wanted to say." Imagine became a popular song for peace activists everywhere.
In March 2002，the airport in his hometown of Liverpool was renamed John Lennon Airport.A sign above the main entrance has a line from Imagine 'Above us only shine'.



What does the author say about the song？ ______

A. Imagine a is closely related to Lenon's death.
B. It's the most popular song in the world.
C. It encourages listeners to use their imagination.
D. It expresses Lennon's wish for world peace.

Lennon came up with the idea for Imagine because of ______ .

A. people's smiles on their faces
B. his anger over World War Ⅱ
C. his wife's poems
D. some delicious menus

The underlined word "credit" in Paragraph Four probably means ______ .

A. praise
B. attention
C. consideration
D. support

What's the best title for the text？ ______

A. Why Was Imagine Written？
B. Who Wrote Imagine
C. The Reason Behind Imagine's Success
D. The Unknown Secret of John Lennon

It would be nice if eating a particular food could magically protect you against all the boring illnesses.It's not that simple,of course.Hard washing remains your best defense against picking up illnesses,and sleep is a strong defense too.But what you eat does play an important part.Though it isn't because of just one or two foods,what you eat in your daily diet has an effect on how weak or strong your immunity（免疫力） is.
We'd better eat fruits and vegetables every day.They contain key vitamins needed in the immune system.For example,Vitamin C and A in foods help immune system work well to keep us healthy.Remember that eating the actual fruit or veggie is better than eating single-vitamin supplements （补品）.
Getting too little protein（蛋白质）can weaken your immune system.Protein-rich foods supply the amino acids （氨基酸） you need to build important proteins in the body.Animal foods like beef and pork also contain zinc （锌），which your body uses to make t-cells.
Fermented foods are foods that are naturally protected by bacteria（细菌），and they're good for the micro biome（微生物）.That's the name for the bacteria that live in your stomach,where a lot of cells in immunity actually live.Fermented foods like yogurt help beneficial bacteria develop fast in the stomach,leaving less room for harmful bacteria.



What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us？ ______

A. Hand washing is necessary.
B. Illnesses make people bored.
C. More sleep does good to health.
D. Immunity has much to do with your diet.

Why does the writer suggest we eat fruits and vegetables every day？ ______

A. They are rich in vitamins we need.
B. Vitamin A is helpful for immunity.
C. Fruits supply our body with Vitamin C only.
D. Eating single-vitamin foods does little good.

What can we infer from paragraph 3？ ______

A. Amino acids can help to make t-cells.
B. Healthy body needs plenty of protein.
C. The immune system can be hurt easily.
D. We should eat animal foods as many as possible.

What is the main idea of the text？ ______

A. Different foods have different uses.
B. Fruits and vegetables keep us healthy.
C. Many illness do harm to the immunity.
D. Proper daily diet protects our immune system.

While we may think it feels good to complain,complaining has some bad effects associated with it.
Why isn't complaining beneficial？Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity.The brain is designed to work efficiently.This means that when we repeat a thought,negative or positive,the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information at a higher speed.Therefore,the next time we have a similar type of thought,it is more easily passed.This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.
Yet the harmful effects don't stop there.A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus（海马区），which plays a vital role in problem-solving,to become smaller.
In addition to causing brain damage,complaining also releases a stress hormone（激素）：cortisol,a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger.Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure,high blood sugar,and lower immunity（免疫力）.
The ill effects of our complaining aren't just limited to ourselves：they also involve those around us.We tend to mirror the moods of our friends.For this reason,we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.
The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude（感恩）.Just like complaining acts as a poison,gratitude acts as a medicine.Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent,as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar.It also decreases tiredness and depression.Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining,a behavior that steals our brain power,happiness and physical well-being.
What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others？Have you noticed that when you are grateful,you feel better all over？Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.



What do Para 2-3 mainly talk about？ ______

A. The diseases caused by complaining.
B. The decrease of a vital part of our brain.
C. The bad effects of complaining on brain power.
D. The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.

What can we know about cortisol from the passage？ ______

A. Gratitude is an effective cure for cortisol.
B. Our body produce cortisol when we feel exited.
C. Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
D. Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.

What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers？ ______

A. Grateful.
B. Tolerant.
C. Disapproving.
D. Doubtful.

Where can the passage most probably appear？ ______

A. In a newspaper.
B. In a medical report.
C. On a website.
D. In a radio program.

We all know that our diets can have a great impact on our health and weight,but could it also affect how we grow in height？This is what researchers from the Imperial College of London suggest in a paper recently published in The Lanceu（《柳叶刀》），based on a study of 65 million children and teens from 193 countries.
The researchers found notable differences in height between children of the same age living in different countries,they examined diet as a potential reason behind the distinction.The researchers analyzed data from 2，000 studies that tracked the height and weight of school-aged children worldwide between 1985 and 2020.They found there was an average height difference of approximately 8 inches in children between the tallest nation and the shortest nation.
Researchers also examined the Body Mass Index（BMI）levels that measure whether a person has a healthy weight for their height.They found that teenagers in the Pacific Islands,the Middle East,the U.S.and New Zealand had the largest BMI，while teenagers in South-Asian countries such as India and Bangladesh had the lowest BMls.
So how do the researchers explain such big differences in height between children growing up in different places？
We know that our height is partly determined by our genes.But it seems that our diets can also play an important role.In fact,studies have shown that while 60-80% of the difference is due to genetics,20-40% is due to environmental factors.In some developing countries and poorer areas,lack of nutrition explains the height differences.In these areas energy and nutrient-rich foods are less readily available to school-aged children,thus leading to a tendency for stunted（不足的）growth or obesity.Overall,the study reveals a clear link between children's diet and how they grow in their formative years.
Since stunted growth impacts a persons health and happiness,it is necessary to invest in better global nutrition policies that focus on the growth patterns of children.Healthy school meals that are currently under threat during the pandemic（全国性流行病）are a good starting point to guarantee that all children have better access to nutritious foods.



What result can we learn from the research？ ______

A. Western countries are the tallest nations.
B. Children in developed countries eat better.
C. People of the same age differ in BMI levels.
D. What we eat makes a great difference in height.

What does the fourth paragraph mainly concern？ ______

A. Main factors for the height gap.
B. Major breakthroughs in human genes.
C. Methods of getting nutrition for children.
D. Measures to take to prevent stunted growth.

What idea does the passage convey in the last paragraph？ ______

A. Schools are most accessible for children.
B. Make sure children have a healthy diet at school.
C. Global nutrition policies should be passed soon.
D. Stunted growth influences the well-being of a family.

What's the purpose of writing the passage？ ______

A. To state the reward of a nutritious diet.
B. To highlight how daily diet affects height.
C. To draw people's attention to children's height.
D. To appeal for equal nutritious food in poor areas.

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A special danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538， the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV， king of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman（贵族）had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the advantage of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical ways of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness（清洁标准） have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt,however, gone too far？
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary,Mary,an American immunologist（免疫学家）， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.



The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ______ .

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.
B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in.
C. they considered bathing as cause of skin disease.
D. they believed disease could be spread in public baths.

Which of the following best describes（描述） Henry IV's attitude to bathing？ ______

A. Afraid.
B. Curious.
C. Supportive.
D. Uninterested.

How does the passage mainly develop？ ______

A. By providing examples.
B. By making comparison.
C. By following the order of time.
D. By following the order of importance.

What's the author's purpose in writing the passage？ ______

A. To stress the role of dirt.
B. To show the change of views on dirt.
C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D. To introduce the history of dirt.

We all know that a healthy life means getting both plenty of exercise and enough good-quality sleep,but reality often gets in the way.The new research indicates that doing enough exercise could make up for some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep.While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new,it's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study — it could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.
"We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease,stroke,and cancer," says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang,from the University of Sydney in Australia.
Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity（high,medium or low）and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 based on the amount of shut-eye they got,how late they stayed up,insomnia,snoring and daytime sleepiness.
Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise.That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines.
In the case of all forms of cancer,for example,those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active.However,that risk just about disappeared for those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity.
For now it's not clear why more exercise might make up for poor sleep,as far as our health goes.It could be that the increased activity is counteracting inflammation（炎症），or reducing irregularities in glucose metabolism,suggest the researchers.
"Considering that physical activity is perhaps more modifiable than sleep,our study offers people more health incentives to be physically active." says population health researcher Emmanuel Stamatakis,from the University of Sydney.



This research is of particular interest in that ______ .

A. it's in this study that exercise is known to be beneficial to sleep.
B. this study offers people more health treatments to be physical active.
C. it could enable doctors to cure patients of their sleeping condition.
D. the relationship between exercise and sleep is updated in this study.

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ ______

A. Those who had the poorest sleep quality were most at risk of death from heart disease.
B. Those scoring lowest on sleep and exercise scale were more likely to die from cancer.
C. There's no risk of cancer for those who didn't sleep well but did score well on physical activity.
D. It's evident that in terms of health more exercise could make up for poor sleep.

What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean？ ______

A. interacting
B. increasing
C. preventing
D. causing

Where can this passage most probably be taken from？ ______

A. A research findings report.
B. A medical examination report.
C. A poor sleep study report.
D. A physical activity study report.

Thanks to its cold environment,Antarctica remained largely untouched by humans for thousands of years.However,since the 1990s,the last true wilderness on the planet is becoming an increasingly popular destination for adventure-seeking tourists.Now,a new study states that the visitors may be leaving behind harmful bacteria（细菌） which could devastate the area's native bird population.
Researchers believed that the Antarctic creatures were not affected by the danger due to the continent's extreme weather.However,microbiologist Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar was not convinced this was true.She and some colleagues decided to examine samples from Antarctic birds for evidence of human bacteria.To ensure the waste was not polluted,the scientists had to collect it from the birds themselves.This was no easy task.If they missed catching a skua at first go,the bird never came close again.
It took the scientists four years,from 2008-2011，to collect fecal（粪便）samples of 666 adult birds from 24 local species.The results of their study revealed the presence of several types of human bacteria in the bird waste.
"While we should do as much as possible to reduce transmission,it's hard to believe that we will stop tourism and science at these sites,and so it is hard to believe that humans won't continue to transmit pathogens（病原体）." said Kyle Elliott.
Experts,including González-Solís,believe the only way to prevent the mass destruction of the birds,is to introduce stricter regulations or,at least,obey the ones already in place.For example,while the Antarctica Treaty states clearly visitors carry their waste back home to protect the original environment,the regulation is rarely obeyed.Hopefully,officials will take steps to protect the easily hurt birds before it's too late.



What does the underlined word "devastate" in Para.1 mean？ ______

A. Increase.
B. Destroy.
C. Affect.
D. Block.

What can be said about scientists finding the waste from the birds？ ______

A. This was not an easy task.
B. This proved their conclusion.
C. Their tempers contributed a lot.
D. They found polluted human bacteria.

How does Kyle Elliott feel when mentioning reducing tourism？ ______

A. Hopeless.
B. Difficult.
C. Impossible.
D. Delighted.

What is the author's suggestion to protect Antarctica birds？ ______

A. Make new strict rules.
B. Quit the Antarctica Treaty.
C. Take measures as soon as possible.
D. Encourage officials to strengthen cooperation.

Beijing resident Hou Lixin started eating meal replacement products in February when she wanted to lose weight.She bought various meal replacement products online and ate them for more than a month.
"Most of them don't taste good,but at least they have low calories and are convenient to buy,store and cook," she said,adding the product she consumed gave a strong sense of fullness.
Hou is by no means alone.Meal replacement products,or substitutes for regular meals that can fill you up with low-calorie intakes,appear as a potential big market in China,driven by Chinese consumer' demand for products that can help in weight control and offer convenience,experts said.
The most common meal replacement products include powders,liquids,shakes,porridges and energy bars containing fiber,protein,vitamin,minerals and other nutritious content.
The meal replacement market is at the early stage of competition and there is big room for future development,like in the United States and Japan.Euromonitor International,a market research company,said sales revenue of meal replacement products in China hit 57.17 billion yuan in 2017 and is expected to reach 120 billion yuan by 2022.More fast-moving consumer goods giants are partaking in the market action.PepsiCo's oat brand Quaker released a new shake product in June.A major Chinese snack brand Bestore released 27 meal replacement products in August.
Jia Jianbin,secretary general at Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,told CCTV reporter that despite its possible effectiveness that many people believe,this way of weight loss may bring greater harm as it breaks the balance of nutrition and food.As a result,it can only be a temporary move,not a long-term use.
"Cereal meal replacement powder,for example,is mainly composed of carbohydrates （碳水化合物），which have enough calories,but the vitamins and minerals are not enough.Instead,it is better to soak oatmeal （燕麦片） in milk,which may be more nutritious and more economical," said Gu Zhongyi,a dietitian of the Beijing Dietetic Association. "Meal replacements can be an alternative for busy workers,but they are no substitute for a balanced diet,and try not to eat more than one meal a day."



The author quotes the example of Hou Lixin to ______ .

A. show an efficient way to lose weight
B. promote the meal replacement products
C. introduce the topic of meal replacement products
D. arouse readers' interest in the meal replacement products

Why are meal replacement products popular among many Chinese consumers？ ______

A. Because they are highly recommended by health experts.
B. Because they are helpful to control weight and bring convenience.
C. Because they have a large market share in the food market.
D. Because they provide various forms and flavors for the consumers.

What does the underlined word "partaking" in Paragraph 5 mean？ ______

A. Participating.
B. Advertising.
C. Experimenting.
D. Cooperating.

What attitude do Jia Jianbin and Gu Zhongyi have towards the meal replacement products？ ______

A. Cautious.
B. Favorable.
C. Disapproving.
D. Confused.

Have you ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to 5℃ on these hot summer days？Thanks to a recent discovery,the possibility is getting closer.While there are many alternatives that manage to keep the body warm,this amazing invention aims to offer real relief for those who are eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on extremely hot days.
Its inventors,engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China,look a completely innovative（创新的）approach.They designed a special textile（纺织物）dial can absorb body heat and re-emit（重发出）its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation（MIR）.This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique that is known as radiative cooling,Science reveals.This means that even when it looks like you are wearing a regular shirt,you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror.
Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3℃，but this previous trial was limited.So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking,and not directly facing the sky,like in their trials.They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T-shirts are not in close contact with the skin.
Inventors Yaoguang and Guangming are now looking out for textile manufacturers（制造商）and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric（织物）.They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent. "We can make it with mass production,which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old," Yaoguang said.
So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures,be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end!



What is the purpose of the new invention？ ______

A. To warm up people's body.
B. To cool people off in hot weather.
C. To detect the wearers' temperature.
D. To protect clothes from becoming wet.

How does the special product work？ ______

A. By turning sunlight into energy.
B. By sending out absorbed heat.
C. By keeping heat out completely.
D. By using light colors to reflect sunlight.

What is the main idea of paragraph 3？ ______

A. The invention needs further testing.
B. The previous studies lack evidence.
C. The new fabric has a good cooling effect.
D. The new fabric applies to various situations.

The invention of the T-shirt may he an example of ______ .

A. barking up the wrong tree
B. robbing Peter to pay Paul
C. killing two birds with one stone
D. pulling the cart before the horse