选择知识点

No matter where we go,there are always disappointments.Once we encounter them,it is easy for us to be overly________ and take things too seriously.（　　）

Forty percent of the land in the village _______ been flooded and the majority of the villagers_______ moved to safe places.（　　）

Men will ______ all the natural resources if they continue consuming them like that.

_______ difficulties we may come across，we will help one another to overcome them．（　　）

An overwhelming majority of people ______ -91 percent-hold the opposite point of view that peace can only be achieved through dialogue.（　　）

Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers,__________the highest honor of our country last month.

Music brings out the best in people,especially in the morning.If you usually wake up feeling sleepy,turn on your music playlist and play your favorite hits.You'll feel instantly happier,and more productive.
It lowers cortisol （皮质醇） levels.You can feel less stressed by listening to your favorite music,according to a study.The stress hormone,cortisol,will lower,and it seems that music speeds up the recovery time after a stress-causing event.So it's only logical that starting your day with a good song can relieve stress caused by external factors,and it will serve as a good start to the day.
Besides,it increases dopamine（多巴胺）levels.Music can increase the production of the dopamine hormone,which is one of the "happy" hormones directly connected to pleasure.It will help to relieve certain negative feelings of anxiety and depression.So if you wake up feeling down,turn on your music playlist.
Listening to music can strengthen your immune system.The sound of the tunes helps the body to produce more antibodies and natural killer cells.These cells can help you attack any viruses you might contract（感染）.Basically,your immune system will be more effective at fighting any illnesses.
It stimulates memories.Music can help you remember more,no matter if you like upbeat or slow tunes.Your cognitive（认知的）function will improve once you put your jingle on,and over time,you'll benefit from a stronger memory,according to a study.
It also promotes your creativity.Before heading to the computer desk or laptop,put your headphones on and listen to some music,especially happy tunes.It seems that this type of jingle will make you a more creative person,so all those ideas you were waiting for will flood in.And if you start your workday by being more productive and kicking off all the points on your to-do list,it will definitely make you feel good about yourself.



What changes will listening to music bring to our body？ ______

A. Any viruses will be defeated.
B. Our stress will be reduced.
C. We will not suffer from depression.
D. The dopamine levels will be decreased.

Which of the following songs can make us most creative？ ______

A. The Sound of Silence.
B. Symphony of Fate.
C. Moonlight on the Second Spring.
D. Jingle Bells.

How does the author develop the passage？ ______

A. By making analyses.
B. By giving definitions.
C. By giving examples.
D. By making comparisons.

What's the passage mainly about？ ______

A. The ways of strengthening our immune system.
B. The advantages of improving our cognitive function.
C. The benefits of listening to music after waking up.
D. The methods of speeding up the stress recovery time.

Reuel Tolkien （1892-1973），the British linguist and writer.He created a fantasy novel,the well-known trilogy （三部曲）， "The Lord of the Rings" .
Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein,South Africa.When he was 4 years old,his father died and his family moved back to England.Tolkien graduated from Oxford University when he was 23 years old,and participated in the First World War.During the war,Tolkien suffered from "trench fever" and stayed in the hospital until the end of World War Ⅰ.It was the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first.
After the war,Tolkien became a linguist.He was an editor of the "New English Dictionary" of 1918-1920.However,he was more researching into Anglo-Saxon language which makes his extensive contacts in Britain and the Nordic spread all over the folklore and mythology.
In 1937，Tolkien completed his first work "The Hobbit".Although this was a fairy tale,it was also suitable for adults to read.Because of good sales,the publisher Allen & Unwin convinced Tolkien to write its sequel.This encouraged Tolkien to complete his most famous works-the epic（史诗） trilogy "The Lord of the Rings".The works of writing went on for almost a year with the support from his good friend Lewis.
At the beginning "The Lord of the Rings" was similar works for children,but after that writing style quickly became serious and dark."The Lord of the Rings" was one of the most popular literary works in the 20th century in terms of sales and readers' evaluation.Tolkien's influence is important,for the success of "The Lord of the Rings" makes the fantasy novels of this literature genre（体裁） develop rapidly.



When did Tolkien take part in World War Ⅰ？ ______

A. 1896.
B. 1915.
C. 1916.
D. 1937.

Which of the following statements is TRUE？ ______

A. Tolkien's father died of "trench fever".
B. Tolkien wrote the "New English Dictionary" himself.
C. "The Lord of the Rings" was finished in about half a year.
D. Tolkien began his writing career in the hospital.

What is Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" considered to be？ ______

A. The first works of Tolkien.
B. Always serious and dark.
C. Beneficial to the development of the fantasy novels.
D. The most popular literary work in the 20th century.

The underlined word "evaluation" in the last paragraph is close to the meaning of " ______ ".

A. opinion
B. value
C. interest
D. hobby

Parents around the world often urge children over and over-wash your hands!It can be difficult,however,to get children to remember to wash.But what if washing hands was connected to a fun creative activity？What if instead of simply reaching for the soap,a machine could drop it right into your hand？
Well,such a machine was recently built by a boy and his sister in the US state of Maryland as part of a creative competition.The not-for-profit Rube Goldberg Organisation is holding the competition.
Every year,the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific task,considering inventions that use complex systems to carry out a simple everyday task.At first,the task for 2020 was supposed to be "turn on a light".But when the COVID-19 happened,the task was changed to "drop a bar of soap into someone's hand".
Those taking part in the competition are schoolchildren.But with schools closed to slow the spread of the virus,organisers changed the rules.This year,the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of the machines to compete.One thing has not changed：the machine must complete the task in less than10 steps.
In Maryland,the Diel family wanted to enter.So,Caitlin and her brother Ben designed and built their own Rube Goldberg machine.Next,they had to demonstrate that it could complete the task-throwing the soap just right to be caught in someone's hand.After 106 failed attempts,they finally had success.With their video demonstration,they can now enter the competition.
Dr Anne Glowinski teaches child psychiatry（精神病学）at Washington University School of medicine in St.Louis.She said that "creativity and play" connects with children.It is better than the message. "We have to wash our hands because of this horrible virus," Glowinski added.



What might be a task of inventions assigned by the Rube Goldberg competition？ ______

A. Exploring nature.
B. Sweeping the floor.
C. Writing a novel.
D. Painting the house.

What change has been made to the rules of the competition this year？ ______

A. All kinds of inventions are admitted.
B. A video of the entry is qualified to enter.
C. Teachers are encouraged to get involved.
D. The task must be finished within 10 steps.

What does Glowinski think of the invention？ ______

A. Practical.
B. Unnecessary.
C. Economical.
D. Complicated.

What's the purpose of the text？ ______

A. To advocate the habit of washing hands.
B. To call on schoolchildren to compete in a contest.
C. To encourage more inventions from everyday items.
D. To introduce a contest making handwashing fun for kids.

The negative health effects of sleep shortages during the week can't be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions,according to a new study.
Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation（缺乏）can cause weight gain and increase other health risks,including diabetes.But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.
The research,published in Current Biology,ruins those hopes.Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period,participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption（代谢紊乱） that would increase their risk of diabetes over the long term.While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of insufficient sleep,those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday.
"If there are benefits of catch-up sleep,they're gone when you go back to your routine.They're very short-lived," said Kenneth Wright,who oversaw the research. "These health effects are long-term.It's kind of like smoking once was-people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health,but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice.I think sleep is in the early phase of where smoking used to be."
Wright said that the study suggests people should prioritize sleep-cutting out the optional "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic devices.Even when people don't have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules,they should think about prioritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.



What had the researchers already known before doing the new research？ ______

A. The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.
B. The harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.
C. People's habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.
D. The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.

Why did Kenneth Wright mention smoking？ ______

A. To call on smokers to completely abandon smoking.
B. To advise people to go to sleep when they want to smoke.
C. To show people have known the harm brought by smoking.
D. To show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep deprivation.

What does the underlined word "prioritize" in the last paragraph probably mean？ ______

A. Putting tasks in order of importance.
B. Getting more than enough of something to deposit it.
C. Treating something as being more important than others.
D. Cutting down something that is not necessary any more.

What can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. Weekend catch-up sleep is a lie
B. Bad sleep habits are harmful to health
C. Smoking is not the worst thing to health
D. A new study has an unexpected discovery