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Lewis Carroll was the pen-name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson,an English writer and author of two of the best loved children's books in English literature- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.The characters and phrases from these books have entered and become part of the English lexicon （词典） in a way that was comparable to those from Shakespeare's works.
Charles Dodgson was born on January 27，1832 and spent the first eleven years of his life at Warrington.Dodgson was educated first by homeschooling,then at boarding schools in Richmond and at Rugby,and finally at Christ Church College,Oxford.In later life,he remembered his boarding school experience with no fondness.Still,he was an excellent student and did very well academically throughout.For all his brilliance or perhaps because of it,he couldn't be bothered to spend long hours studying and so he didn't.If things came easily,that was fine；if they didn't,well,that doesn't seem to have bothered him overmuch.
His book Alice's Adventures in wonderland first came into being in 1862 as a story he made up for Alice Liddell,the ten-year-old daughter of his friend Dean Henry Liddell.Later he wrote it down and showed the book,illustrated with his own drawings,to another friend,the fairy tale writer George Macdonald and his children.They loved it and enthusiastically urged him to get it published.Accordingly,Dodgson revised it for publication.And in 1865，with illustrations more professionally done by Sir John Tenniel,it became an immediate best-seller.Its sequel（续集）Through the Looking Glass proved equally popular.



What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us？ ______

A. Charles Dodgson was more famous than Shakespeare.
B. Charles Dodgson had great achievements in literature.
C. Charles Dodgson once worked on the English lexicon.
D. Charles Dodgson was a writer with a few works.

What do we know about Charles Dodgson from paragraph 2？ ______

A. He was a hard-working student.
B. He struggled with his studies.
C. He received very little schooling.
D. He performed high study efficiency.

What probably led to the publication of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland？ ______

A. The persuasion from George Macdonald.
B. The help from Dean Henry Liddell.
C. The guidance of Sir John Tenniel.
D. The demand of a publisher.

When Alice's Adventures in Wonderland first came into being,Charles Dodgson ______ .

A. had a little boy as its main character
B. wrote it just for his children
C. was sure it could be popular
D. didn't expect it to be published

It's common knowledge that some countries have higher life expectancies（预期寿命） than others,but the city you live in can also affect your health.
Some cities are hard on their residents.In places with poor city planning,for example Lagos,which was called out recently by the Economist Intelligence Unit,public spaces are few,making outdoor activities hard.Lack of infrastructure（基础建设）blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants,and residents work long hours for little money.
These are just some of the factors concluded by Spotahome,a rental agency.They've analyzed data from a range of sources,including the World Health Organization,TripAdvisor and the CIA World Facebook to score each city on health,gym availability and quality,life expectancy,obesity（肥胖），green space and other elements to make a list to work out a list of the world's healthiest cities.
The list is certainly Euro-centric but continuous sunshine is seen as a positive thing,even if it may be more of a disadvantage in other regions.But it does go some way towards suggesting which cities are getting it right in providing a good life for their residents.It may not be surprising to learn that most of the healthiest cities are in northern Europe,known for its people-first approach to city planning.The cities of Australia and Canada also do well — but Alaska,the first U.S.city is only in 34th place.The U.K.doesn't fare too well either— its only city in the top 50 list is London,in 40th.
Whether you're planning a wholesome holiday,or simply wondering what your city can do better,this list of the 50 healthiest cities will give you pause for thought about the future of city planning.Here are the attractive,healthy-eating,clean-aired cities that are getting it right.



What plays the key role in building a healthy city according to the text？ ______

A. City planning.
B. Local culture.
C. Economic condition.
D. Geographical position.

What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ ______

A. What Spotahome discovered in the recent study.
B. How the list of healthiest cities came into being.
C. The reasons why Spotahome carried out the study.
D. The places where the data of the study came from.

What may be the best title for the text？ ______

A. The best places to have a rich life
B. The happiest lifestyle in the world
C. The nice countries to keep healthy
D. The city factors affecting your health

Every year,more books on happiness are published.And every year,more people feel depressed because they do not see themselves as happy.They don't remember or know what it feels like,and instead,they feel guilty that they aren't as happy as everyone says they should be.This is really a sad state of emotional affairs.
The books,blogs,YouTube videos and advice columns（专栏）will tell you that if you read,exercise,stay busy,help others,and increase your intimacy （亲密） every day,then you too can be happy.The simple truth is that no one can be happy all the time.That doesn't mean you have to be sad,angry or depressed the rest of the time but that you can find a middle ground called contentment.This middle ground is a good place mentally and emotionally,and spending time there is a healthy choice.
Contentment is somewhere between satisfied and peaceful.When you are in that place,the stuff of life can be going on around you,but you don't need to allow it to bother you.And that,my friends,is a very nice way to go through life.
I find contentment in walks and in writing,and in talking with my partner and reminding each other that our life is good,despite temporary setbacks or scary moments.Because I know about myself and I can respond differently.Doing this takes away stress and will keep you from losing your state of contentment.
If there is even one thing that puts you in a state of contentment—you do it regularly and early enough each day—it will help you go through any challenges you may have to face later.
Right at this moment,things around me are still a little out of my control—such is life—but I am feeling pretty good because I actively living my purpose.I am now content,and that feeling will last the whole day through.You can do the same.



What does the author want to stress by mentioning "Books on happiness" in paragraph 1？ ______

A. People find it difficult to agree on what happiness is.
B. Such books are so popular that they are sold out very soon.
C. Happiness is something easy to gain in our daily life.
D. Experts find it useless to argue about the value of happiness.

When facing setbacks or sad moments,what does the author do？ ______

A. He turns to such media as blogs.
B. He definitely communicates with partners.
C. He sees himself unlucky and feels depressed
D. He adjusts himself and reacts positively.

What is the author most likely to agree with？ ______

A. Still water runs deep.
B. Health is better than wealth.
C. Enough is as good as a feast.
D. One good turn deserves another.

What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ ______

A. To advocate a proper life attitude.
B. To introduce a novel experience.
C. To encourage studies on happiness.
D. To persuade us to work endlessly.

Can we forget bad memories？Someone might tell you that time is the only "cure".But this might be not true.
Researchers at Canada's McGill University have tested a pill that can help you forget bad memories.They tested it on 60 people and found it to be successful.
All 60 people had experienced painful romantic relationships and wanted to forget them.In the study,they were asked to write about these bad memories.Then,they took a pill that is usually used to treat high blood pressure.They then recalled their bad memories by reading what they wrote earlier.In the end,they talked about their feelings,saying that they were finally able to forget their bad experiences.
Dr.Alain Brunet,who led the study,believes that the pill can ease the pain that bad memories bring.People can take it after bad things happen to them.
How did the pill do this？In fact,your memories change all the time.They're like text files on your computer.Every time you recall and "open" the files,you might happen to make some changes and "save" them.Researchers believe that the pill can stop proteins in the brain from "re-saving" these memories.This means some details of the memory are lost.
However,there are some ethical（伦理的） worries about this treatment.Some people might use it to forget things that they should be learning from,such as when they committed a crime.People are discussing which kinds of memories should be forgotten with this pill.
How do we form memories？
The part of our brain known as the hippocampus（海马体） is important for forming new memories.Scientists found it after studying a patient named Henry Molaison in the 1950s.After Molaison's hippocampus got hurt during an operation,he couldn't store new memories.But he could remember memories from before the operation.This means long-term memories are stored outside the hippocampus.Scientists believe they are stored in the neocortex（新皮质），which controls attention and planning.



According to the study,what can the pill help people do？ ______

A. Recall happy memories.
B. Remember things more easily.
C. Control their blood pressure.
D. Forget bad experiences.

The 60 people who tested the pill did NOT ______ .

A. have painful experiences
B. write down their bad memories
C. have high blood pressure
D. recall what they wrote down before

What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ ______

A. How our memories change over time.
B. How the pill stops bad things from happening.
C. How the research group created the pill.
D. How the pill helps us forget bad memories.

What can we learn from the story？ ______

A. The pill might come with some problems.
B. The pill can stop criminals from committing crimes.
C. The writer doesn't think the pill is good.
D. Many people want to forget bad memories.

Many livestock farmers（牧场主）in the western world are becoming worried by a longer-term threat to their income from the growing popularity of vegetarian（素食的）diets.Here comes the question whether to eat meat or not.Before airing our view,we should consider seriously the three reasons that vegetarians give for refusing animal products.
The easiest point to argue against is that eating meat is unhealthy.Nothing is healthier than a varied diet,including fiber,vegetable,fruit and meat.Although studies show that eating red and processed meat may raise the risk of some cancers,it is important not to overstate the effect.This week,for example,Cancer Research UK reported that eating an extra piece of bacon every day raised the risk of bowel cancer by 20 per cent.But that means just eight extra （largely curable） cases in every 10，000 people over six years.
Our treatment of farm animals is an issue that vegetarians find more troubling.A common view is that raising animals in a small area cause unacceptable suffering.In this regard,agricultural authorities should take up the responsibility to enforce welfare standards that give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably.Also,consumers have an important role to play in improving conditions for farm animals.For example,the dislike of "battery hens" led to an EU ban in 2012 on keeping chickens in barren cages.
The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century.The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmed animals account for 14.5% of greenhouse gas emission.Although changes in grazing（放牧）practices could substantially reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming,it will always use more resources than producing the same number of calories from plant crops.Meat production should focus on the world's traditional grasslands,without taking up new land.



Which of the following is NOT the reason against animal products given by vegetarians？ ______

A. It harms human health.
B. It causes animal suffering.
C. It damages the environment.
D. It threatens the income of farmers.

Why does the author mention the report from Cancer Research UK in paragraph 2？ ______

A. To prove that eating too much meat is unhealthy.
B. To persuade people out of eating too much meat.
C. To show that eating meat is not as unhealthy as vegetarians think.
D. To present the fact that eating too much bacon may cause cancer.

What's the author's attitude towards raising animals in a small area？ ______

A. Favorable.
B. Negative.
C. Indifferent.
D. Unclear.

What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about？ ______

A. The changes in feeding practices.
B. The challenges that livestock farming faces.
C. The negative effects of livestock farming on the environment.
D. The measures to reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming.

When things get wildly busy in the morning,some people don't have breakfast in order to save time.But that may be a big mistake for students.Whether at home,on the way to school or at school,eating something healthy for breakfast may help a student get better grades.
Researchers looked at 5，000 9- to 11-year-olds from more than 100 primary schools in the UK.They looked at what the students ate for breakfast and then their grades 6 to 18 months later.They found that the students who ate a healthy breakfast were twice as likely to perform above average in educational activities.The researchers also found that unhealthy breakfasts—such as potato chips or a donut did not appear helpful to educational performance.In 2013，an organization in the United States,also looked at possible connections between breakfast and student success in school.They found that on average students who ate breakfast provided by their school attended 1.5 more days of school per year.These students also scored 17.5 percent higher on standardized math tests.
Health experts suggest that the best breakfast is a mix of complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物），protein and fat.This gives your body the energy it needs to think clearly and to remember what it learns.Wholegrain bread is an example.The report explains that the brain needs glucose（葡萄糖）to work well.Simply eating a breakfast rich in carbohydrates may make a student tired.So,adding protein helps to prevent fatigue.Having a protein such as milk,yogurt,eggs or meat can help students to feel full longer.Oatmeal（燕麦片），the researchers say,is an example of a breakfast that is rich in fiber and protein.It releases energy slowly because it is a wholegrain food.So,students will feel full longer.
Health experts also suggest not eating too much for breakfast.This can also make a person feel tired and unable to think clearly.They say eating between 350 and 500 calories in the morning is a good amount of energy to start the day.



How did the researchers carry out the researches？ ______

A. By inquiring about students' living habits.
B. By providing students with free healthy breakfast.
C. By asking students to fill in varieties of forms.
D. By tracking and comparing students' breakfast and grades.

Which is the best breakfast choice according to health experts？ ______

A. Wholegrain bread and some juice.
B. A donut,an egg and a glass of milk.
C. An egg,a glass of milk and some potato chips.
D. Wholegrain bread with beef and a bowl of oatmeal.

What does the underlined word "fatigue" in paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______

A. Laziness.
B. Loneliness.
C. Tiredness.
D. Unhappiness.

What is the text mainly about？ ______

A. The way of cooking a large breakfast.
B. The importance of having a good breakfast.
C. How to stay energetic throughout the day.
D. How much breakfast we should eat each day.

Listen!Can you hear the opera_____________ somewhere near here？（　　）

Sorry to interrupt,but I was wondering whether the chemical could cause_____________ breathing problems.（　　）

My brother rather than my parents is fond of new energy vehicles._____________of us have a positive attitude to this trend.（　　）

Heightened anxiety affects a person's world,including his or her senses.Symptoms such as paralysis,numbness,or blindness which are not connected to a medical cause and are often traced to a psychological problem,are frequently termed conversion disorders （转换障碍）.
I once met a client affected by blindness.Russ,a successful 66-year-old man,described visiting the local zoo with his wife and grandchildren when anxiety washed over him.His vision narrowed. "It felt like clouds were closing in on my eyes," Russ said.Russ's sight continued to narrow until he was almost completely visionless.
The experience occurred several times and eventually,Russ refused to leave his home.His medical doctor conducted numerous tests,but a medical explanation could not be identified.
As I gathered information about Russ's life,it became clear that he was experiencing difficulty adjusting to an enormous life change - retirement.Yet,though most people look forward to retirement and regard it as a positive and well-deserved change,it was tough for him to admit he missed the important and respectable role he had performed so well.For forty years he had worked tirelessly to solidify the success of his company,so giving up "the mission" left him feeling empty and anxious.
Russ then shared his internal struggle with his wife,Mary.She supported him in developing new ways to fill himself up,such as caring for his grandchildren and contributing to several community architectural projects.He successfully re-consolidated his sense of self later.
It is normal and human to feel anxiety during the adjustment period.Bringing unconscious anxieties and conflicts into conscious awareness prevents the anxiety from taking over.And talking to a loved one or getting support from a psychotherapist is also necessary.



What trouble did Russ meet with while visiting the local zoo？ ______

A. Missing the visiting time.
B. Getting separated from his wife.
C. Losing his sight for the moment.
D. Having his eyes blocked by clouds.

According to the author what is the root cause of Russ's trouble？ ______

A. Losing the essential role.
B. Having nobody to talk with.
C. Being ignored by his colleagues.
D. Looking forward to early retirement.

In what way did Russ overcome his problem？ ______

A. By enriching his new life.
B. By starting a new company.
C. By seeing the doctor regularly.
D. By moving to a new community.

What can be drawn from this text？ ______

A. Heightened anxiety is easy to deal with.
B. Rebuilding one's confidence takes patience.
C. One's attitude adjustment matters when facing significant transition.
D. Increasing conscious awareness helps one fit in with the new life.