选择知识点

How does it happen that some people never have to see the doctor while some are wasting much money in hospital？The answer lies in their proper,healthy diet.A balanced diet actually means eating all kinds of foods to provide the body with all the nutrients（营养物）it needs for its daily work.It means eating the right type of foods and eating a right amount of food for each meal.
  Each food group contains different kinds of nutrients,and our body surely needs all of these,but in different amounts,and it differs from person to person.When it comes to going on a healthy diet,one size is not suitable for all.Everyone leads a different lifestyle,and has different jobs and fitness levels.
  A balanced diet matters for everyone.If the body gets all the required nutrients,it'll improve the immune（免疫） system,which prevents all kinds of diseases.A balanced diet would also be good for the state of mind and then help you remember something better.What's more,if the body is supplied with all the necessary nutrients,the skin and hair also become healthier.A balanced diet also prevents our body from aging.As a result,you'll have a more youthful look.
  However,for a healthy body,a balanced diet is not enough；it has to be combined with the proper amount of sleep and exercise.These three things,when included in your daily routine,will make sure that you not only have a healthy body but also a healthy mind.So,go ahead and adopt a healthier lifestyle!



Why is the question raised in the first paragraph？ ______

A. To show problems.
B. To give evidence.
C. To list some facts.
D. To lead in the topic.

What does the underlined word "differs" in Paragraph 2 mean？ ______

A. Comes.
B. Grows.
C. Changes.
D. Matters.

What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ ______

A. The choice of a balanced diet.
B. The features of a balanced diet.
C. The importance of a balanced diet.
D. The relationship between diet and aging.

What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______

A. A balanced diet doesn't work alone.
B. Mind is closely linked to the body.
C. Exercise is the most important.
D. It's easy to get a healthier lifestyle.

Pilates,yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy.There is,however,a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive,but has all the benefits-walking.
  Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains,"What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level.Plus,it is good for your heart,your head and your wallet."
  A recent report details the health benefits of walking.The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week,recommended by the UK's chief medical officer,could save 37，000 lives each year.Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running.They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%，while running reduced it by 4.5%.And there is even more good news：30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily,according to research by Oregon State University.The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day.The sooner you get started,the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body.So,go out for your 30-minute walk in a nearby park or green space.



The underlined word "humble" in the first paragraph probably means " ______ "．

A. plain
B. relaxing
C. popular
D. active

What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking？ ______

A. It's loved by people of all ages.
B. It's much healthier than running.
C. It's a money-saving physical exercise.
D. It's becoming more and more popular.

What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find？ ______

A. Walking helps people with sleep problems.
B. Walking contributes to curing heart disease.
C. Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives.
D. Walking is better than running in some cases.

In which section of a newspaper can we read this text？ ______

A. Comment.
B. Lifestyle.
C. Education.
D. Science.

Many people believe eating healthily is expensive-and more costly than buying junk foods.But our new research, published in the BMC Public Health, shows this isn't the truth.
   Most of the Australian family food budget（预算） is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt.
  Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily.The Australian adults get at least 35% of their energy from junk foods and drinks.As a result, two-thirds of adults（63%） and one quarter of children are overweight.
  We used the Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 and the suggestions of the Australian Dietary Guidelines to model healthy diets for a family of two adults and two children every two weeks.We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high and low socio-economic（社会经济地位低的） areas in Brisbane, and compared the diet prices with family incomes.
  In both areas, a family of two adults and two children spends about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets.About 58% of the food budget for present diets is spent on junk foods, including takeaway foods（14%）， and sugary drinks（4%）.
  In the low socioe-conomic area, a family of two adults and two children spends ﹩640.20 every two weeks on their present diets, but could buy a healthy diet for ﹩560.93 every two weeks.In the high socio-economic area, these numbers are ﹩661.92 and ﹩580.01.
  Supermarket food prices were about 3% higher in the high socioeconomic location.Takeaway foods were also relatively more expensive, but sugary drinks were priced similarly in both areas.
  Present diets cost more than healthy diets, so causes other than price must be helping to drive preferences for unhealthy choices.



What did the researchers find？ ______

A. Australians have a preference for sweet foods.
B. Most Australian kids have fat problems.
C. Half Australians live on junk foods.
D. Most Australians eat unhealthily.

How did the researchers get the result？ ______

A. By making a comparison.
B. By doing the study online.
C. By carrying out interviews.
D. By asking personal questions.

What can we learn from Paragraph 5？ ______

A. Australian foods are healthier.
B. A healthy diet is actually cheaper.
C. Health foods are becoming more expensive.
D. People choose junk foods for their low prices.

The act of social distancing（社交距离）has become an effective protective measure against the novel coronavirus（冠状病毒）and a part of everyday life across the world. Many countries have launched different social distancing measures. Some are strict while others are creative. Let's take a look at three special quarantine（隔离）measures around the world.
  Panama
  With more than 3， 000 confirmed cases by April 12， the Central American country Panama has announced strict quarantine measures. One of them is to separate people by gender（性别）to go out.
  Starting in April, males in the country are required to leave home on Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday while females can go out on Monday, Wednesday and Friday every week. No one is allowed to go out on Sundays.
  To further prevent the spread of COVID-19， citizens are able to leave their homes for only two hours at a time.
  "This absolute quarantine is for nothing more than to save your life," the country's security minister Juan Pino said at a news conference.
  But according to the Guardian, the quarantine measures do not apply to civil servants or other essential staff who are battling against the novel coronavirus on the frontline.
  Colombia
  ID numbers are unique identification tools for individuals, but they may also be used to decide when people can go out in Colombia during the novel coronavirus pandemic. According to the BBC， people in some Colombian towns are allowed to be outside based on the last digit of their national ID number.
  For example, in northwest-central Colombia,people with an ID number ending in zero, four or seven are allowed to leave the house on Monday, while those with an ID number ending in one, five or eight can go outside on Tuesday. Similar quarantine measures have been proposed in the nearby country of Bolivia.
  France
  Though outdoor exercise is a good way to keep healthy, it can sometimes cause too many people to gather in one place. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19， Paris has banned all outdoor exercise between 10 am and 7 pm.
  Outside of this time span, people are allowed to exercise individually as long as it's for less than an hour and within one kilometer of their home. If people break the rule, they will face fines of between €135（about 1， 040 yuan）and €375.



What can we learn about Panama's social distancing measures？ ______

A. No one can go out for dinner, starting in April.
B. All citizens should follow the rules of going out by gender.
C. Ordinary citizens can stay outside for at most two hours at a time.
D. Civil servants are allowed to go out every day except on Sundays.

Which group is allowed to go out on Mondays in northwest-central Colombia, during the novel coronavirus pandemic？ ______

A. Females.
B. Males.
C. Those with an ID number ending in one, five or eight.
D. Those with an ID number ending in zero, four or seven.

Which of the following follows the rules in France？ ______

A. Cycling around one's home at 5 pm.
B. Playing basketball with friends at 8 pm.
C. Playing badminton in front of one's house at noon.
D. Jogging alone near one's home from 8 am to 8：30 am.

A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover,these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
  In the past hundred years,humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources：land for crop, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforest. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
  There are two main reasons for this. Firstly,when people cut down trees,generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly,cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run, it actually reduces the world's wood supply.
  Rainforests are often called the world's drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However,fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking（萎缩的）rainforests.



Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ______ .

A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃
D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth

What does the word "this" underlined in the third paragraph refer to？ ______

A. We will lose much more than we can gain.
B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C. People have a strong desire for resources.
D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.

It can be inferred from the text that ______ .

A. we can get enough resources without rainforests
B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns

What might be the best title for the text？ ______

A. How to save rainforests.
B. How to protect nature.
C. Rainforests and the environment.
D. Rainforests and medical development.

The novel coronavirus（新冠状病毒）is a great threat. We don't know how bad it will be,nor do we know for how long it will spread. But we do know that it has already infected and killed many people around the world. It also caused serious global economic damage. We need to adapt our responses to different countries and different parts of the same country in order to limit damage. Using data well is essential to such a successful response.
  Data is key to all successful public health programs. In New York City,we raised tobacco taxes and made all indoor public places smoke-free. Smoking rates declined at first but then the decline stopped. Because we had a tracking system in place,we realized that progress had stopped. So,we produced strong and direct no tobacco ads to the public. Our programs quickly reduced adult and teenager smoking,preventing more than 100，000 deaths. As for epidemics,we can learn more every day. We will be able to reduce infections,save lives, and limit damage to society if we rapidly collect, analyze and use data.
  Every country facing the coronavirus disease needs to strengthen their data systems to track diseases,investigate skillfully and respond fast and successfully. Fast action will save lives and save money. But building the capacity to do this isn't free. It will cost about ＄1 to ＄2 per person per year for at least 10 years-at least ＄30 billion. That's a lot of money for public health,but it's a tiny part of the amount lost when we don't know what we need to know about health threats.
  Getting the data right is hardly quick and never easy,but it is always very important if we want to respond timely,limit spread,and protect our communities and economy.



Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ ______

A. Novel coronavirus has killed people and damaged economy.
B. New York City succeeded in reducing smoking with data.
C. We need a lot of money to build the capacity of fast action.
D. Using data will cure people infected with novel coronavirus.

Why does the author talk about smoking in paragraph 2？ ______

A. to warn us that smoking is harmful.
B. to suggest us how to reduce smoking.
C. to show the significant role of data.
D. to protect people's physical health.

What is the author's opinion on the building of the capacity of fast response？ ______

A. It is too expensive and many countries cannot afford it.
B. It is worthwhile and necessary to develop such a capacity.
C. It supports communities and saves lives and saves money.
D. It requires a tiny part of the amount lost by health threats.

What is the main idea of this passage？ ______

A. The widespread of novel coronavirus has killed many people.
B. Using Data well is of vital importance to public health programs.
C. The importance of fighting against novel coronavirus.
D. The importance of raising tobacco taxes.

The best hope for ending the COVID19 pandemic is a vaccine. There is no shortage of candidates. The World Health Organization is tracking 34 in various stages of development. How well they will work though,is another matter. On September 9th Astra Zeneca, a drug firm, announced it was pausing its trials after a participant fell ill. Such pauses are common in vaccine development, a discipline in which effort does not always bring reward. In 1987 the first trial of an HIV vaccine began in Maryland. Three decades later, the cupboard remains bare.
The news about COVID-19 in two new papers is more encouraging. The first written by a team of scientists at deCODE genetics,an Icelandic company,and published in the New England Journal of Medicine,reports antibody levels in 1，200 Icelanders who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and recovered. More than 90% tested positive for antibodies twice - once immediately post infected and again four months later. People who had suffered more serious disease,such as those who had been hospitalized,developed higher levels of antibodies. So did men and older people, both of whom are at greater risk of more severe illness.
The four-month lifespan is cheering for two reasons. Antibodies that hang around are more likely to offer immunity. That means a vaccine that provokes （驱使；刺激） their production should provide reasonably long-lasting protection. They are also easier to find.
In the second study, scientists led by Tao Dong,an immunologist at the Medical Research Council（MRC），in Britain, went hunting for T-cells. These get less press than antibodies, but play an equally vital role in battling infections and securing long-term protection. Their importance is vividly demonstrated by HIV，which targets and kills them.
Al Edwards, an immunologist turned biochemical engineer at the University of Reading who was not involved with either paper, is cautiously optimistic. The immune response to the disease seems to be working roughly as expected, he says. If that continues,then vaccines developed to trigger long-lasting immunity should work at least in theory.
  In practice,it is still too early to celebrate. Dr. Edwards warns that immunology has never been a predictive science. There is no test that can show definitively that a vaccine will work short of actually trying it in the real world.



What can we infer from the first paragraph？ ______

A. Scientists have made great achievements in HIV vaccine.
B. The vaccine is the only way of ending the COVID-19 pandemic.
C. The COVID-19 is bound to be developed by a drug firm in no time.
D. While many people work on the vaccine, it is hard to develop a vaccine successfully.

Which of the following statements is most probably a logical judgement to the passage？ ______

A. Antibodies that hang around can offer immunity.
B. A vaccine will not work short of actually trying it in the real world.
C. The higher levels of antibodies are, the more serious disease people will suffer.
D. T-cells are less important than antibodies in battling infections and securing protections.

What does the underlined word "them" refer to in paragraph 4？ ______

A. T-cells
B. HIV
C. Antibodies
D. Long-term protection

What is Al Edwards' attitude towards he vaccine？ ______

A. Negative
B. Indifferent
C. Disapproval
D. Cautious

Recently,few samples of mice with diabetes（糖尿病）in an experiment showed signs of recovery. Then there arose much discussion regarding the morality of such animal-testing procedures,especially since many unfortunate samples lost lives.  Is it moral and necessary to make sacrifices to benefit the majority？Or are these procedures merely an immoral and unnecessary waste of lives.
  Some people assume that it is acceptable to make sacrifices for the greater benefits because it can provide a more accurate insight to promote the progress of science. Through the test,we are able to obtain more accurate and reliable results that can lead to beneficial scientific progress to help the majority.  Scientists believe that sacrificing real animal samples can give more accurate insights compared to abstract computer modeling. For example,researchers who have conducted experiments on mice for Parkinson's disease have found more promising results which could reverse the symptoms of this previously incurable disease. Therefore,the long-term benefits are more important than the short-term sacrifices.
  However,others have argued that these acts are morally inappropriate especially since we have advanced to the point where there are more moral alternatives at present.  They believe that everything has an alternative as long as effort and money are placed. With the presence of better and more moral alternatives,there is no reason and moral room to sacrifice,even if it is for the larger benefits.
  In all,the samples' sacrifice is unavoidable due to their potential to attain great scientific progress. Research has shown that the cases having better and more moral alternatives are in rare exception,and most alternatives actually end up compromising other moral boundaries instead. However,if there exist such alternatives to some of the scientific procedures,we should try.



Why does the author use two questions in paragraph 1？ ______

A. To present diabetes.
B. To introduce the topic of the text.
C. To remind readers to focus on their health.
D. To show sympathy for the dead people.

What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to？ ______

A. Morality.
B. Progress.
C. Sacrificing samples.
D. Relieving the symptoms of the disease.

What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______

A. Mice-testing experiments are illegal.
B. There is no moral debate about animal testing.
C. Scientists decide not to use animals for experiments.
D. Researchers still have to sacrifice animals for science.

What is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Have Animal Experiments Made Progress？
B. Researches Are Fighting for Animal Rights
C. Is It Necessary to Sacrifice Animal Samples？
D. More Effort and Money Will Be Spent on Animals

Utah Lake is,in a word,disgusting. The State of Utah has worked with many partners and spent millions of dollars in an attempt to restore Utah Lake. It has indeed produced some active effects.  However,due to the waste water getting into it,this body of water is rich in  nutrient and home to water bloom.  Over fishing and the introduction of invasive species have only made the problem worse. In the summer of 2016，500 people in Utah complained about their headaches, skin rashes and discomfort after swimming in the lake.
  The Utah Lake Restoration Project is headed by Parker. He imagines a beautiful lake dotted with man-made islands where a community could be built. Parker frequently goes to Capitol Hill to push for the proposal of the comprehensive lake restoration. Parker follows his rules "big ideas are worth approaching"，as the project calls for lake digging,the creation of islands,the removal of invasive species to restore the habitats of native plants,fish and so on.
  Speaking of the Utah Lake Restoration Project,Ben Holcomb said,"It is not quite in line with reality." He added,"Despite impressive computer models and the current project report,the Utah Lake Restoration Project lacks the actual field research to show that this project will have a positive effect on the lake's ecosystem."
  When asked how the public would help beautify Utah Lake,the lake's official workers suggested picking up garbage. However,it has a greatly limited effect on the overall health of the lake. Parker's plan may seem like the state's best chance to restore Utah Lake,but in reality the Utah Lake Restoration Project lacks the facts necessary for this sort of proposal. The State of Utah should propose some suggestions for the revision of the plan and offer the Utah Lake Restoration Project the access necessary to conduct research which could be compared with their theoretical findings. Only then can the State of Utah make an educated decision on behalf of people and resources.



What can we learn from paragraph l？ ______

A. The State of Utah has tried to restore Utah Lake.
B. It is not difficult to save Utah Lake for the State.
C. People living around Utah Lake are healthy and happy.
D. People don't swim in Utah Lake because of its pollution.

What's the purpose of the Utah Lake Restoration Project？ ______

A. To build a community near Utah Lake.
B. To make the water of Utah Lake rich in nutrient.
C. To make Utah Lake popular with foreign tourists.
D. To build a safe home for native creatures in Utah Lake.

What's Ben Holcomb's attitude towards the Utah Lake Restoration Project？ ______

A. Doubtful.
B. Optimistic.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Approving.

What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph？ ______

A. Picking up garbage is the key to saving the whole lake.
B. There's no proper way to save the health of Utah Lake.
C. Parker's plan needs some field research and adjustment.
D. Local people should take responsibility for saving Utah Lake.

What _____ you _______ at 6 o'clock tomorrow？（　　）