选择知识点

Four boys out of a total of 12 young soccer team members have been rescued after _______ in a cave in northern Thailand for more than two weeks.（　　）

The colorful butterflies flying through Zanzibar's Jozani Forest are beautiful to look at, but for farmers and charcoal （木炭） producers in the region, they mean something more： a paycheck. In an effort to protect the island's threatened forest, local people are being trained to raise butterflies, under a plan that tries to prevent deforestation by giving people a financial benefit.
Jozani Forest is a large woodland that is home to a group of endangered species, including the colorful red colobus monkey. But the forest is under great pressure from rapid deforestation due to charcoal production and farming.
The Zanzibar Butterfly Centre aims to change that by retraining charcoal producers in villages surrounding the forest as butterfly farmers. The program offers training and equipment to butterfly farmers, the most successful of whom can earn as much as ＄250 a month by selling butterfly pupae （蛹） to the centre own tourist exhibition and to overseas buyers. Butterfly farmers operate by catching a few female butterflies and transferring them to cages so they can lay eggs. Farmers then collect the eggs and raise the caterpillars（毛虫）by feeding them on host plants until they turn to pupae. It's at this stage that farmers start earning by selling the pupae to the butterfly centre, which sells them for export or keeps them until they hatch.
The aim of the program is to develop public awareness on the importance of protecting forests and also to give local residents extra income. Rungu Hamisi, one of the butterfly farmers who used to earn a living by making charcoal, said raising butterflies had improved his income surprisingly. "Butterfly raising is much easier than charcoal making. I get enough money to support my family," he said.



How do charcoal producers in Jozani Forest region now increase their income？ ______

A. By raising butterflies.
B. By catching rare butterflies.
C. By making and selling charcoal.
D. By protecting endangered species.

At what time do butterfly farmers start making money？ ______

A. When the butterfly eggs hatch.
B. When they catch the butterflies.
C. When the caterpillars turn to pupae.
D. When the butterflies are displayed to tourists.

Why is Rungu Hamisi mentioned in the last paragraph？ ______

A. To prove the success of the program.
B. To explain the purpose of the program.
C. To tell how local residents make a living.
D. To show the farmers interest in raising butterflies.

What is the text mainly about？ ______

A. The life of butterfly farmers.
B. The Zanzibar Butterfly Centre.
C. The importance of Jozani Forest.
D. A program to protect Jozani Forest.

Taking a break during the workday is important but how often do we actually make the time to do it？For most, an eight-hour workday just doesn't seem like enough and we end up sacrificing moments of peace to make room for more moments of productivity, but according to a new study, skipping that lunch break could actually be hurting our performance.
Amazing as it may seem,taking time away from work to enjoy a short walk or a few minutes of mindful thought throughout the day can actually have positive effects on your end of day concentration and help you feel less tired after you are off work.
Scientists tasked workers in intellectually（智力上地） demanding fields-education,engineering and finance-with taking a short 15-minute walk or doing 15 minutes of mindful thinking during their lunch breaks every day for two weeks. The participants were asked to report how they were feeling near the end of the day during, before and after the study. They also filled out a short questionnaire every night,asking how much they enjoyed their lunch break. The results：those who took a break to walk or mindfully relax were significantly less stressed and able to perform better at the end of the workday than those who took no breaks. Mindful relaxation in particular helped people feel less anxious at the end of the day.
According to the study,walk in nature can lead to "attention restoration"-recovery from cognitive（认知的）overload after focus and mindful relaxation can increase our positive feelings,relieve stress and start focus.
So the next time you think you should skip your lunch break to get that big project done,take a breath and consider giving yourself a moment of peace. It might just make you a more productive employee.



What phenomenon is mainly described in the first paragraph？ ______

A. Better performance on jobs.
B. Overwork for productivity.
C. Inappropriate working ways.
D. Peaceful work environment.

What may make people more relaxed after work？ ______

A. Their timely relaxation.
B. Their good food for lunch.
C. Their walk with their colleagues.
D. Their whole devotion.

Why did the scientists test the workers？ ______

A. To check their physical health.
B. To see how long they relax daily.
C. To see the effect of lunch break.
D. To check if they live an active life.

What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ ______

A. To tell how to perform better.
B. To show the importance of attention.
C. To introduce the life of employees.
D. To advise people to take a lunch break during work.

Sleep problems in early childhood may be linked to the development of certain mental health disorders in adolescence, according to a new research.
A study of 7，155 children in the United Kingdom found that waking up frequently during the night and irregular sleep routines as babies and toddlers was linked to psychotic experiences in children ages 12 and 13. Also, children who slept for shorter periods at night were more likely to be associated with borderline personality disorder at ages 11 and 12.
The research,which published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry,was the first time possible links between early childhood sleep problems and adolescent psychotic experiences and borderline personality disorder（BPD） symptoms have been examined.
"We know from previous research that persistent nightmares in children have been associated with both psychosis and borderline personality disorder," said lead author Isabel at the Institute of Mental Health at the University of Birmingham.
"But nightmares don't tell the whole story. We've found that, in fact, a number of behavioral sleep problems in childhood can point towards these problems in adolescence," she said.
Adolescence, typically defined as the ages between 10 and 19，is a key period in human development because of brain and hormonal （荷尔蒙的） changes, and it is now thought to be when many mental health problems start.
Prior research in Australia found that babies with persistent severe sleep problems in their first year were at greater risk for anxiety and emotional issues in later childhood. Sleep problems in children and adolescents have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems,including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD， 多动症），risk-taking and aggression. However, findings have been inconsistent, especially when based on objective measurements of sleep,rather than parental reports.
Sleep and mental health are closely connected in adults,with sleep problems increasing the risk for developing particular mental illnesses as well as resulting from mental health issues.



What can we know from paragraph 3？ ______

A. Childhood sleep problems probably cause youth mental health problems.
B. Severe sleep problems in childhood lead to emotional issues.
C. Persistent nightmares in children are closely related to psychosis.
D. The research has not been known to the public.

What does "it" refer to in paragraph 6？ ______

A. Adolescence.
B. Key period.
C. Human development.
D. Hormonal change.

According to the Australian research, older children who had long-term serious sleep issues at one year old are more likely to ______ .

A. grow slowly
B. develop ADHD
C. do badly in lessons
D. suffer from anxiety

Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. A Study About Childhood Sleep Problems Is Under Progress
B. Pay Attention to Children Who Lack Sleep
C. Childhood Sleep Issues Linked to Adolescent Mental Health Problems
D. How to Help Children Develop a Good Sleep Habit

If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life,new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.
Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate（暗示）that people who jog at a proper pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries（动脉）. Over time, this can cause serious injuries.
Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said if your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy（预期寿命）， jogging a few times a week at a proper pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary, and may be harmful.
Moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and walking may be. better for us than "iron man" events, triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis, Marott, another researcher involved in the study, "You don't actually have to do that much to have a good influence on your health. And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much."



What does the underlined word "strenuous" in Paragraph 1 mean？ ______

A. Regular.
B. Hard.
C. Practical.
D. Flexible.

Why does the author present some figures in Paragraph 2？ ______

A. To suggest giving up jogging.
B. To show risks of doing sports.
C. To provide supportive evidence.
D. To introduce the research process.

According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful？ ______

A. It may injure the heart and arteries.
B. It can make the body tired out.
C. It will bring much pressure.
D. It consumes too much energy.

What can be inferred from the text？ ______

A. No exercise at all is the best choice.
B. More exercise means a healthier life.
C. Marathons runners are least likely to die.
D. Proper exercise contributes to good health.

Beijing resident Hou Lixin started eating meal replacement products in February when she wanted to lose weight. She bought various meal replacement products online and ate them for more than a month.
"Most of them don't taste good, but at least they have low calories and are convenient to buy, store and cook," she said, adding the product she consumed gave a strong sense of fullness.
Hou is by no means alone. Meal replacement products, or substitutes for regular meals that can fill you up with low-calorie intakes, appear as a potential big market in China, driven by Chinese consumer' demand for products that can help in weight control and offer convenience, experts said.
The most common meal replacement products include powders, liquids, shakes, porridges and energy bars containing fiber, protein, vitamin, minerals and other nutritious content.
The meal replacement market is at the early stage of competition and there is big room for future development, like in the United States and Japan. Euromonitor International, a market research company, said sales revenue of meal replacement products in China hit 57.17 billion yuan in 2017 and is expected to reach 120 billion yuan by 2022. More fast-moving consumer goods giants are partaking in the market action. PepsiCo's oat brand Quaker released a new shake product in June. A major Chinese snack brand Bestore released 27 meal replacement products in August.
Jia Jianbin, secretary general at Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,told CCTV reporter that despite its possible effectiveness that many people believe, this way of weight loss may bring greater harm as it breaks the balance of nutrition and food. As a result, it can only be a temporary move, not a long-term use.
"Cereal meal replacement powder,for example,is mainly composed of carbohydrates（碳水化合物），which have enough calories,but the vitamins and minerals are not enough. Instead, it is better to soak oatmeal （燕麦片） in milk, which may be more nutritious and more economical," said Gu Zhongyi,a dietitian of the Beijing Dietetic Association. "Meal replacements can be an alternative for busy workers,but they are no substitute for a balanced diet, and try not to eat more than one meal a day."



The author quotes the example of Hou Lixin to ______ .

A. show an efficient way to lose weight
B. introduce the topic of meal replacement products
C. promote the meal replacement products
D. arouse readers' interest in the meal replacement products

Why are meal replacement products popular among many Chinese consumers？ ______

A. Because they are highly recommended by health experts.
B. Because they have a large market share in the food market.
C. Because they are helpful to control weight and bring convenience.
D. Because they provide various forms and flavors for the consumers.

What does the underlined word "partaking" in Paragraph 5 mean？ ______

A. Experimenting.
B. Advertising.
C. Participating.
D. Cooperating.

What attitude do Jia Jianbin and Gu Zhongyi have towards the meal replacement products？ ______

A. Disapproving.
B. Favorable.
C. Cautious.
D. Confused.

When faced with the decision to get out of bed or have a few more minutes of sleep,which do you choose？Believe it or not, that decision could make a world of difference in the rest of your day.
About 85 percent of Americans use an alarm clock to wake up in the mornings, according to sleep researcher Till Roennenber. And while there are no official numbers on snoozing（打盹），a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime.
As to how the snooze button will affect your day, scientists have mixed opinions. Some scientists think people who hit the snooze button in the mornings are actually clever, creative and happy while some said that hitting the snooze button will ruin your life, or at the very least your day. "I feel that hitting the snooze button has got to be one of the worst things that ever happened to human sleep," researcher Jonathan Horowitz said. "The chances of you 'snoozing' and actually experiencing a meaningful rest are close to zero."
According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button,you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up, so, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into a sleep mode before waking it again. At that point your body won't know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half awaken state.
If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock,the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle. Focus your efforts on getting enough sleep each night and waking up at the same time each day so that when your alarm goes off you feel rested.



What can we infer about hitting the snooze button from Paragraph 2？ ______

A. People do it just for fun.
B. It is a common practice.
C. People take it seriously.
D. It is a bit childish.

What do some sleep experts think of hitting the snooze button？ ______

A. It is meaningful in the long term.
B. It makes people become lazy.
C. It brings us a sense of satisfaction.
D. It affects our body and mind.

What's the author's suggestion on getting the best out of alarms？ ______

A. Forming a good sleep habit.
B. Trying to relax ourselves.
C. Making use of willpower.
D. Using an extra alarm.

What is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Ways to keep refreshed in the morning.
B. The snooze button and people's character.
C. How to avoid the light sleep mode？
D. Should you rely on the snooze button？

Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute（垃圾道）？ You won't be for long. Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.
In Shantzis' Hi-Rise Recycling System,a chute leads to a pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated. The system,which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use, enables glass, plastic, paper, metal, and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.
The system is controlled from a board next to the chute door. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials（as well as for unrecyclables）. At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors' chute door and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
Sorting recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting. Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive, so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted. Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective.



What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean？ ______

A. Soon you'll have to recycle your rubbish.
B. You'll soon be living in a cleaner building.
C. Rubbish chutes will become out of date before long.
D. It won't take long to recycle rubbish in future.

What do you need to do before dropping rubbish into the chute？ ______

A. Lock the other floors' chute doors.
B. Check whether the container is full.
C. Break up the nonrecyclables.
D. Press the correct button.

What is one of the benefits of Shantzis' system？ ______

A. It saves the cost of time and space.
B. It cuts the expense of recycling.
C. It saves money for people living in high rises.
D. It makes better use of the existing recovery equipment.

The purpose in writing this text is ______ .

A. to encourage people to recycle their rubbish
B. to describe the use of computer technology in recycling
C. to introduce a recycling system for tall buildings
D. to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises

Sperm whales may have taught each other how to avoid harpoons（鱼叉）when whalers began hunting them 200 years ago. A new study presents facts of social learning in the animals and offers a window into a form of whale culture.
The research focused on 19th century whaler diaries from the North Pacific,which recorded details of hunts, such as the number of whales found or harpooned on a given sailing. Studies show that ship strike rate fell by 58% in less than two and half years after the whalers first arrived in the region.
The researchers thought that the drop-off wasn't due to other factors, for example, whalers chose to target weak whales. Instead, they believed that Sperm whales, which have the largest brains of any animal on Earth and live in complex social structures, came to understand the danger and adapted to new escape strategies, such as swimming upwind of the wind-powered ships. This information was then shared, suggesting rapid social learning and real-time communication.
This study helps to highlight that whales and dolphins have culture and social learning,says Hodgins,a researcher at Whale & Dolphin Protection. "There's certainly an element of watch-and-learn in these animals, watching their parents' behavior and then mimicking it."
Whaling hasn't been allowed since the 1980s but tens of thousands of whales are still killed by humans every year. "Today,whales have to learn how to avoid boats and ship strikes," Hodgins says. "We know that whales and dolphins are incredibly intelligent and must have complex social lives. This meaningful research not only proves that this happens, but hopefully means we can in turn protect them better."



Why do sperm whales strike less often with ships？ ______

A. The whales can adopt new escape ways by social learning.
B. Effective measures have been taken to protect the whales.
C. The whales can keep away from ships' tracking devices.
D. Whalers have been changing their hunting targets.

What does the underlined word "mimicking" in paragraph 4 probably mean？ ______

A. Supporting.
B. Changing.
C. Copying.
D. Improving.

What is Hodgins' attitude to the research？ ______

A. Uncertain.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Uncaring.

What can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. The Number of Sperm Whales Is on the Increase
B. Whaling Business Is Driving Whales to Extinction
C. Sperm Whales Are Adapting to Changing Ocean Conditions
D. Smart Sperm Whales Can Teach Each Other to Survive Hunting

Probably no other musical instrument is as popular as the guitar. Musicians use the guitar for almost every kind of music. Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument.
Some music experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than one thousand years ago. Some other experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s, it became similar to the instrument we know today.
Many famous musicians played the instrument. The famous Italian violinist Niccolo Paganini played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works.One kind of music for the guitar developed in the southern area of Spain called Andalusia. It will always be strongly linked with the Spanish guitar. It is called Flamenco.
In the 1930s,Les Paul began experimenting with ways to make an electric guitar. He invented the solid body electric guitar in 1946. The guitar has always been important to blues music.With the electric guitar,Les Paul helped make modern blues music possible.There have been many great blues guitarists.Yet,music experts say all blues guitar players are measured against one man and his famous guitar. That man is B.B.King. Every blue fan knows that years ago B.B.King named his guitar Lucille. Here B.B.King plays Lucille on his famous recording of "The Thrill Is Cone". Lucille,B. B. Kings large,beautiful black guitar,is important to American music.Visitors can see King's very first guitar at the Rock 'n' Soul Museum in Memphis,Tennessee.The museum is the only permanent exhibit organized by the Smithsonian Institution outside Washington,D.C.，and New York City.



Where did the modern guitar finally come into being？ ______

A. Egypt.
B. Spain.
C. Persia.
D. Italy.

What do we know about Flamenco？ ______

A. It is the name of a famous musician.
B. It is related to Spanish guitar.
C. It is also called Andalusia.
D. It is the name of a guitar.

What does the last paragraph mainly tell us？ ______

A. The musician B. B.King named his guitar Lucille.
B. The Rock 'n' Soul Museum first opened in Memphis.
C. The electric guitar promoted the development of the blues.
D. The exhibit was first organized by the Smithsonian Institution.

What would be the best title for this text？ ______

A. Traditional Folk Music
B. Flamenco and Guitar
C. Violinist and Blues
D. Guitar and Music