选择知识点

Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive？ When someone tells you something that is true， but leaves out important information that should be included， he can give you a false picture．
For example， some might say， "I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery（彩票）． It was great． I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!"
This guy's a winner， right？ Maybe， maybe not． We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets， and only one was a winner． He's really a big loser!
He didn't say anything that was false， but he left out important information on purpose． That's called a half-truth． Half-truths are not technically lies， but they are just as dishonest．
Some politicians often use this trick． Let's say that during Governor Smith's last term， her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs． Then she seeks another term． One of her opponents says， "During Governor Smith's term， the state lost one million jobs!" That's true． However， an honest statement would have been， "During Governor Smith's term， the state had a net gain of two million jobs．""
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths． It's against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth． An advertisement might say， "Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache．" It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company．
This kind of deception happens too often． It's a sad fact of life： Lies are lies， and sometimes the truth can lie as well．



We may infer that the author believes people should ______ ．

A. buy lottery tickets
B. make use of half-truths
C. not take anything at face value
D. not trust the Yucky Company

What do the underlined words "net gain" in Paragraph 5 mean？ ______

A. Final increase．
B. Big advantage．
C. Large share．
D. Total saving．

What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pills advertisement？ ______

A. False statements are easy to see through．
B. Half-truths are often used to mislead people．
C. Doctors like to act in advertisements．
D. Advertisements are based on facts．

For some people，music is no fun at all． About four percent of the population is what scientists call "amusic"．People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes（音调）．Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs． Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are far apart on the musical scale．
As a result，songs sound like noise to an amusic． Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other． Life can be hard for amusics． Their ability to enjoy music sets them apart from others． It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition． In fact，most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic． Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful． That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music． However，this can result in withdrawal and social isolation． "I used to hate parties，" says Margaret，a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic． By studying people like Margaret，scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition．
Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music． The difference is complex，and it doesn't involve defective hearing． Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well． They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech． Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see certain colors．
Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed（诊断）．For years，Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music． Now she knows that she is not alone． There is a name for her condition． That makes it easier for her to explain． "When people invite me to a concert I just say，‘No thanks． I'm amusic，""says Margaret． "I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy．"



Which of the following is TRUE of amusics？ ______

A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them．
B. They love places where they are likely to hear music．
C. They can easily tell two different songs apart．
D. Their situation is well understood by musicians．

According to Paragraph 3，a person with "defective hearing" is probably one who ______ ．

A. dislikes listening to speeches
B. can hear anything nonmusical
C. has a hearing problem
D. lacks a complex hearing system

In the last paragraph，Margaret expressed her wish that ______ ．

A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier
B. she were seventeen years old rather than seventy
C. her problem could be easily explained
D. she were able to meet other amusics

What is the passage mainly concerned with？ ______

A. Amusics" strange behaviours．
B. Some people's inability to enjoy music．
C. Musical talent and brain structure．
D. Identification and treatment of amusics．

Chicago twins Deprice and Shaprice Hunt were accepted into 56 colleges and have earned about ＄1.6 million in scholarships．
Of the 56schools， Shaprice has been accepted into 35 colleges， two of which have offered her a full-ride scholarship． She said that she earned ＄1.3 million in scholarships． Shaprice wants to choose either Illinois State University or Eastern Illinois University and major in Education and Psychology．
Deprice， who is a youth activist in Chicago， has been accepted into 27 schools． He earned ＄300.000 in scholarship and received two full scholarships offers． "My motivation was to make sure my mom didn't have to be out of pocket，" Deprice said． His top choice is HBCU Morehouse College， which he said is his dream school． He also said that he wants to study Performing Arts and Political Science．
In addition to their acceptance letters and scholarships， the twins are proud of their perfect attendance and a total of 48 awards throughout their high school years．
The Hunt twins praise their family and teachers for their successes． They said that it is easy， especially in Chicago， to let negative beliefs about black youth get the best of someone．
Deprcie decided to tell their story in the hope of inspiring others． "A lot of people say you can't do it because of where you are from" Deprice said． "Don't listen to them．" The twins said they know financial problems held a lot of teens back． But it is important to be persistent． " Never give up，" Shaprice said， "Picture your future． Not only to make yourself proud but make your family proud too．"
The twins said their hope is for every child， no matter what their race or background is， to have an opportunity to go to college． Deprice said it is important for him and his sister to continue to use their voices to encourage other teens， even after they go off to college．



How much more scholarship does Shaprice earn than Deprice？ ______

A. ＄1.3 million
B. ＄ 300.000
C. ＄1.6 million
D. ＄1 million

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ ______

A. Both of the twins got full scholarships．
B. The twins got 48 awards in total throughout their school years．
C. The twins owe their success to their family and teachers and their persistence．
D. In Chicago， most black youth don't believe in themselves．

Why did Deprice plan to tell their experience to others？ ______

A. Because he is so proud of himself and his sister．
B. Because there are always many difficulties in teens" schoollife．
C. Because he wants to encourage the black youth to fight for their dream．
D. Because it is easy in Chicago to get the best of everyone．

Which of the following words can best describe the twins？ ______

A. determined and grateful
B. brave and warm-hearted
C. kind and proud
D. polite and easy-going

One day， I received a call from a colleague． He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem，while the student claimed a perfect score． I was elected as their arbiter． I read the examination problem："Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer（气压计）．" The student had answered："Take the barometer to the top of the building，attach a long rope to it，lower it to the street，and then bring it up， measuring the length of the rope． The length of it is the height of the building． "
The student had really answered the question completely， but the answer didn't confirm his competence in physics． I suggested the student try again． I gave him six minutes to answer the question， warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics． Five minutes later， he said he had many answers and clashed off one， which read： "Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof． Drop the barometer， timing its fall with a stopwatch． Then， use the physical formula （公式）to calculate the height of the building． "
At this point， my colleague had to accept it， and then the student made almost full marks． I couldn't help asking the student what the other answers were． He listed many others ，and then added "Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him，" Sir， here is a fine barometer． If you tell me the height of the building， I will give it to you．"
Then， I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question． He admitted that he did， but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think．
The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world． He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922．



The student got a zero at the beginning because ______ ．

A. the teacher wasn't satisfied with him
B. his answer wasn't complete or correct
C. his answer didn't show his knowledge of physics
D. the teacher didn't fully understand his answer

We know from the passage that ______

A. the teacher was a very stubborn person
B. the administrator told Bohr the height
C. the author preferred Bohr" s last answer
D. the student knew the expected answer

We can learn from the passage that ______ ．

A. instructors can teach students how to think
B. students should be given more freedom in thinking
C. arbiters can help students to get high scores
D. teachers should make students use physical formulas

This is my son Matthew's last night at home before college． I know that this is good news． I feel proud that Matthew will go to a great school． I know that this is the finest hour． But looking at the suitcases on his bed sends me out of the room to a hidden corner where I can't stop crying．
Through the sorrow， I feel a rising embarrassment． " Pull yourself together!" I tell myself． There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones． How dare I feel so shocked and upset？
One of the great gifts of my life has been having my boys， Matthew and John． Through them， I have explored the mysterious， complicated bond between fathers and sons． As My wife and I raised them， I have discovered the love and loss between my father and me． After my parents" divorce，I spent weekends with my dad in Ohio． By the time Sunday came around， I was unable to enjoy the day's activities because I was already afraid of the goodbye of the evening．
Now， standing among Matthew's accumulation of possessions， I realize it's me who has become a boy again． All my sadness and longing to hold on to things are back， sweeping over me as they did when I was a child．
His bed is tidy and spare． It already has the feel of a guest bed． In my mind I replay wrapping him in his favorite blanket． That was our nightly routine until one evening he said，"Daddy，I don't think I need a blanket tonight．"I think of all the times we lay among the covers reading． I look at the bed and think of all the recent times I was annoyed at how late he was sleeping． I'll never have to worry about that again， I realize．
For his part， Matthew has been a rock． He is treating his leaving as just another day at the office． And I'm glad． After all， someone's got to be strong． I'm proud that he is charging into the first chapter of his adult life with such confidence．



What does the writer mean by "Pull yourself together!"？ ______

A. Cheer up．
B. Get up．
C. Pull up．
D. Wake up．

We can infer from the passage that ______ ．

A. the writer is used to sleeping early
B. Matthew is ready for his new life
C. Matthew doesn't get on well with his father
D. the writer wasn't brave enough to face his parents" divorce

How does the writer feel about his son's leaving for college？ ______

A. Bittersweet．
B. Grateful．
C. Pleasant．
D. Worried．

Two of the saddest words in the English language are "if only（要是……就好了）"． I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words， because they convey regret， lost opportunities， mistakes， and disappointment．
My father is famous in our family for saying "Take the extra minute to do it right．" I always try to live by the "extra minute" rule． When my children were young and likely to cause accidents， I always thought about what I could do to avoid an "if only" moment， whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter， or something that required a little more work such as taping padding （衬垫） onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table．
I don't only avoid those "if only" moments when it comes to safety． It's equally important to avoid "if only" in our personal relationships． We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say "I love you" or "I forgive you．" When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday， I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn't be here． But then I thought about the fact that he was 84years old and I realized that I shouldn't give up an opportunity to see him． I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all．
I know there will still be occasions when I have to say "if only" about something， but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality． And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right， or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection， I know that I'm doing the right thing． I'm buying myself peace of mind and that's the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being．



Which of the following is an example of the "extra minute" rule？ ______

A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated．
B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working．
C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better．
D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone．

The underlined word "foregone" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______ ．

A. take up
B. stay away
C. run out of
D. give up

The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______ ．

A. keep her appointment with the eye doctor
B. meet her father who was already an old man
C. join in the holiday celebration of the company
D. finish her work before the deadline approached

What is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. The Peace of Mind
B. The Most Useful Rule
C. The Two Saddest Words
D. The Emotional Well-being

In Canada you can find dogs， cats， horses， etc． In almost every family， These are their pets． People love these pets and have them as their good friends． Before they keep them in their houses， they take them to animal hospitals to give them injections（ 注 射 ） so that they won't carry diseases． They have special animal food stores， though they can get animal food in almost every kind of stores． Some people spend around two hundred Canadian dollars a month on animal food．
When you visit people's houses， they would be very glad to show you their pets and they are very proud of them． You will also find that almost every family has a bird feeder in their garden． All kinds of birds are welcomed to come and have a good meal． They are free to come and go and nobody is allowed to kill any animal in Canada． They have a law against killing wild animals． If you killed an animal， You would be punished． If an animal happened to get run over by a car， people would be very sad about it．
People in Canada have many reasons to like animals． One of them might be： Their family ties are not as close as ours． When children grow up， they leave their parents and start their own life． Then the old will feel lonely． But pets can solve this problem． They can be good friends and never leave them alone．



The passage mainly talks about ______ ．

A. how to keep diseases from pets
B. Canadians have pets as friends
C. how to take good care of pets
D. life of the old in Canada

Pets are given injections in animal hospitals ______ ．

A. in order to keep them safe
B. after being taken home
C. because they are homeless
D. because they are sick

In Canada， children leave their parents when they grow up because ______ ．

A. they don't love their parents any more
B. they can only find jobs far from their parents
C. their parents" houses are too small
D. they wouldn't depend on their parents any more

Which of the following is True？ ______

A. People buy animal food only at the animal food stores．
B. Pets eat better than people．
C. every family has a birdcage in his house．
D. Any bird can come to the bird feeders to eat．

One of the most striking findings of a newly research in the UK is that of the people interviewed， one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with．
Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start close relationships？ Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love？ Or are we making it harder for ourselves？ It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships． Women no longer rely upon partners for money or status． A man doesn't expect his wife to be in sole （唯一的） charge of running his household and raising his children．
But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence．
In theory， finding a partner should be much simpler these days． Only a few generations ago， your choice of soul mate was limited by geography， social convention and family tradition． Although it was never clear， many marriages were essentially arranged． Now those barriers have been broken down． You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening． When the world is your oyster （牡蛎）， you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl．
But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by the limitation of choice． The expectations of partners are raised to an unmanageable degree： good looks， impressive salary， kind to grandmother， and right socks． There is no room for error in the first impression．
We think that a relationship can be perfect． If it isn't， it should be ended． We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship． Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult． The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership．



What is a contemporary family like in the UK today？ ______

A. Women are responsible for housework．
B. Men begin to depend on women．
C. Couples share the burdens．
D. It is difficult to take care of a family．

Why do people want to preserve their independence？ ______

A. To ignore traditions．
B. To have more choices．
C. To avoid marriages．
D. To live alone happily．

What makes it hard for people to date？ ______

A. Mental headache in dating．
B. Bad luck in finding a partner．
C. The pressure to survive．
D. The disbelief in life partners．

What is the author trying to inform us in this text？ ______

A. Expectations and reality stand in the way of relationships．
B. People should spend more money on marriages．
C. Perfect marriages conflict with individual independence．
D. Independence is much more important than love．

Should the eve of the Lunar New Year be declared a public holiday？ "Holiday for Spring Festival's Eve" has become a popular call on several forums（论坛）and social media platforms， with supporters emphasizing（强调））the importance of the annual family reunion dinner．
The family reunion dinner on Lanar New Year's Eve has always been important for Chinese people． From 2008 to 2013， the eve of Lunar New Year was part of the Spring Festival public holiday． But a new rule this year excluded （排除 ）it from the list of public holidays and added the Lunar Jan 3into the Spring Festival holiday
An increasing number of people ---about 300million ---forced to work away from their villages and towns owing to the rapid pace of urbanization（ 城市化）， need hours or even a couple of days to reach home for the most important Chinese festival
However， not all of the about 300 million migrant workers， need a holiday on Lunar New Year's Eve． Official data show that about 269 million of them are farmers-turned-migrant workers who can go home10 to20 days before Spring Festival． That the annual（一年一次的） travel rush begins almost a month before Spring Festival shows that the majority of migrant workers return home days or even weeks in advance and thus it's not a trouble for them to enjoy the Lunar New Year's Eve dinner with their families．
So the call for a public holiday on the eve of Lunar New Year comes mainly from people with higher educational qualifications in better-paying but tight-schedule jobs． In fact， this is the group that is the most active on the Internet in voicing its opinion． That means despite the high-pitched online call to declare Lunar New Year's Eve a public holiday， it is not necessarily the majority opinion of society．
From another point of view， however， the online plea（请求）for a holiday on Lunar New Year's Eve shows that people working far away from home need more holidays for family reunions， which calls for a change in the public holiday list．
The problem is that the lack of long holidays in China prevents migrant workers from visiting their families at regular intervals． But the solution to the problem is not whether Lunar New Year Eve or Lunar Jan 3 should be added into the public holiday， but simply to have an extra day off during Spring Festival． And if possible， the decision makers should increase the number of holidays in other months as well， so that workers can get more weeklong breaks for family reunions．



The Eve of Lunar New Year doesn't belong to public holidays in the year of ______ ．

A. 2008
B. 2013
C. 2014
D. 2018

Who call for a public holiday on the eve of Lunar New Year badly？ ______

A. The people who has a higher education and good salary， but limited time．
B. About 300 million migrant workers．
C. About 269 million farmers-turned-migrant workers．
D. 150 million migrant workers．

The solution may be ______ ．

A. Adding the Eve of the Lunar New Year into the public holiday
B. Adding Lunar Jan 3into the public holiday．
C. Having another day off
D. Working 4 days a week

The writer's opinion on the call for a public holiday on the Eve of Lunar New Year is ______ ．

A. Supportive
B. Negative
C. Not mentioned
D. Neutral（中立的）

British shoppers will take home about 6billion fewer single-use plastic bags this year because the government introduced a 5p charge， according to data published July 30． The 5p charge has resulted in donations of more than ￡29 million from retailers toward charities（慈善机构） and community groups．
About 8 million tons of plastic pollutes the oceans each year， and experts judge the plastic is swallowed by 31 species of marine（海生的） mammals and some 100 species of seabirds．
"Taking six billion plastic bags out of circulation is fantastic news for all of us - it will mean our precious marine life is safer， our communities are cleaner， and future generations won't suffer from mountains of plastic taking hundreds of years to break down in landfill sites，" UK Environment Minister Therese Coffey said． "The 5p charge has clearly been a huge success - not only for our environment but for good causes across the country that have benefited from an impressive ￡29 million raised． It shows small actions can make the biggest difference， but we must not be complacent as there is always more we can all do to reduce waste and recycle what we use．"
More than 7 billion carrier bags were issued by seven leading retailers in 2014， but that number has fallen to slightly more than 500 million in the first six months of the 5p charge for single-use carrier bags introduced in October 2015．
"We are delighted to see that the bag charge in England is showing positive results． This is a significant reduction that will benefit the environment as a whole， and our sea life in particular，" said Dr． Sue Kinsey， a technical specialist． "There is always more that we can do， and we encourage everyone to join in our Great British Beach Clean to help keep our coastlines clean．"



According to the passage， which will charities directly benefit from ______ ．

A. Donations from supermarket．
B. Less use of plastic bags．
C. Cleaner communities
D. Thee improved environment．

What does the underlined word "complacent" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______

A. Disappointed．
B. Worried．
C. Confident
D. Content．

What did Therese Coffey and Dr． Sue Kinsey both agree with？ ______

A. Everyone should join environment-protecting organizations．
B. The 5p charge is far from a success．
C. Future generations can enjoy a plastic-free life．
D. Paying for plastic bags is multi-beneficial．

Which may be the best title of the passage？ ______

A. 5p Charge Sees Great Reduction of Plastic Bags
B. Measures Taken to Reduce Use of Plastic Bags
C. Plastic Bags Harm the Environment a Lot
D. Benefits from Less Use of Plastic Bags