选择知识点

In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every single day, a sense of humor can be helpful. The ability to laugh is very important to our fullest development and to our "mental health". And if we can laugh at ourselves, we're even further along the road to self-fulfillment. Consider the following example.
  Gordon is hoping to become a professional singer. He has a good voice, and has performed in public many times. But he's very sensitive about his abilities. For instance, if his voice coach suggests he practice a particular song a few more times until he gets it right, Gordon falls apart, absolutely certain that the coach is implying that he isn't any good and he has no future in music.
  He mentioned his sensitivity in his paper for a psychology class. The psychology professor called him in,outwardly to talk about the paper, but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem. The teacher rarely told her students what they ought to do, but she felt Gordon should know that such extreme sensitivity would make it difficult for him in the entertainment field, where stage personnel, and fellow performers often are very hard on new talent. She asked Gordon if he felt he had made necessary preparations to follow through in such a competitive and difficult business.
  Gordon got angry with the teacher,pointing a brave finger at her,and told her she was "dead wrong" about him. Further, Gordon asked what she could possibly know about music and the pressures of the profession. The teacher stood up and turned Gordon around, right in the middle of a sentence, asking him to continue,but to watch himself in the mirror on the back of the office door as he talked. Gordon tried to go on,pointing and gesticulating, but suddenly he saw his expression in the mirror, then when he turned to face the psychologist, he noticed a smile beginning to form on the teacher's face. At the very top of his "outburst," Gordon burst out laughing. He stopped his aggressive talk and asked the teacher if he looked that ridiculous all the time.
  Seeing himself "objectively" made Gordon realize that how ridiculous it was to take himself so seriously. In our everyday life, the ability to catch ourselves being so serious,bearing all the burdens of the world,and trying to save the human race helps us relieve some built-up tension through laughter.
  Laughter is a necessary part of mental health. Laughter is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate the selfhood. The things we find in humor may vary,but the experiences of humor, pleasure, and enjoyment are extremely important and must be fostered.



From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that Gordon ______ .

A. has broken up with his coach
B. has failed to be a professional singer
C. keeps practicing and hopes for the best
D. feels very sensitive to other people's comments

Why did the psychologist talk with Gordon？ ______

A. To discuss his paper with him.
B. To help him realize his problem.
C. To point out his rude behaviors.
D. To offer advice on reducing pressure.

How does the author support his ideas？ ______

A. By offering analyses.
B. By providing research results.
C. By giving an example.
D. By stating an argument.

What is mainly discussed in the passage？ ______

A. Means of laughter.
B. Benefits of humor.
C. The cause of sensitivity.
D. The importance of health.

The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new.During the last five years,a large number of clothing companies,businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution.But there's a problem with this method.Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
  Dr.Mark Browne in Santa Barbara,California,has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now.He explains that every time synthetic（合成的）clothes go into a washing machine,a large number of plastic fibers fall off.Most washing machines can't collect these microfibers.So every time the water gets out of a washing machine,microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
  In 2011，Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic clothing can produce more than 1，900 fibers per wash.Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world,and used a special way to examine each sample.He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
  This is bad news for a number of reasons.Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten.Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
  Based on this evidence,it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental "solution." Even though the science has been around for a while,Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen.When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market,Browne didn't get a satisfying answer.Only one women's clothing company,Eileen Fisher,offered Browne funding.



What has happened during the past five years？ ______

A. Fabric has become much stronger.
B. Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C. Many plastic bottles have been reused.
D. Microfibers have been greatly improved.

What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes？ ______

A. It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B. It is worsening environmental problems.
C. It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D. It is doing great damage to washing machines.

What can be inferred about Browne's Benignby Design research project？ ______

A. It has achieved great success.
B. It hasn't got anything done.
C. It is known to very few people.
D. It is facing some difficulties.

What's the best title for the text？ ______

A. It's important to learn to recycle
B. It's never easy to solve pollution problems
C. Recycled plastic clothing：solution or pollution？
D. Are human beings moving forward or backward？

  "Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low-carbon economy." a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday.
  "China doesn't lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy," said Zhou Changyi,director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
  "While we can learn many aspects from developed nations,they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation," Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China's Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009.
  He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport,buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions.For China, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized.
  As such, overseas exhibitors at this year's fair are showing ways to help China achieve low-carbon emissions in the industrial section.
  Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life cycle assessment, or LCA， which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.
  Tobias Becker, head of ABB's process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions.
  LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready to use stage.For example, a motor's initial investment accounts for only 3 percent of its life cycle cost, while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.
  Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said："The color of future industrialization is green."
  The Germany Company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros（D|S 8.8 billion） for intelligent net power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years.Siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.
  A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid.



The underlined word "lag" in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by " ______ ".

A. fall behind
B. be superior to
C. attack
D. fear

Which of the following about LCA is TRUE？ ______

A. LCA is used to study the impact on a product.
B. LCA can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot.
C. LCA shows industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental influence on its initial investment.
D. LCA was one of the exhibitions at this year's fair.

We can infer from the last paragraph of this passage that ______ .

A. Siemens has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid business
B. Siemens received orders worth 6 billion Euros recently
C. Siemens will earn  D|S8.8 billion from intelligent power networks
D. Siemens' plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future

The best title for the passage is ______ .

A. Developed and Developing Nations Can Learn from Each Other
B. Low-Carbon Economy - a Shared Goal
C. Intelligent Power Networks
D. Two Biggest Markets for Smart Grid

How does it happen that some people never have to see the doctor while some are wasting much money in hospital？The answer lies in their proper,healthy diet.A balanced diet actually means eating all kinds of foods to provide the body with all the nutrients（营养物）it needs for its daily work.It means eating the right type of foods and eating a right amount of food for each meal.
  Each food group contains different kinds of nutrients,and our body surely needs all of these,but in different amounts,and it differs from person to person.When it comes to going on a healthy diet,one size is not suitable for all.Everyone leads a different lifestyle,and has different jobs and fitness levels.
  A balanced diet matters for everyone.If the body gets all the required nutrients,it'll improve the immune（免疫） system,which prevents all kinds of diseases.A balanced diet would also be good for the state of mind and then help you remember something better.What's more,if the body is supplied with all the necessary nutrients,the skin and hair also become healthier.A balanced diet also prevents our body from aging.As a result,you'll have a more youthful look.
  However,for a healthy body,a balanced diet is not enough；it has to be combined with the proper amount of sleep and exercise.These three things,when included in your daily routine,will make sure that you not only have a healthy body but also a healthy mind.So,go ahead and adopt a healthier lifestyle!



Why is the question raised in the first paragraph？ ______

A. To show problems.
B. To give evidence.
C. To list some facts.
D. To lead in the topic.

What does the underlined word "differs" in Paragraph 2 mean？ ______

A. Comes.
B. Grows.
C. Changes.
D. Matters.

What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ ______

A. The choice of a balanced diet.
B. The features of a balanced diet.
C. The importance of a balanced diet.
D. The relationship between diet and aging.

What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______

A. A balanced diet doesn't work alone.
B. Mind is closely linked to the body.
C. Exercise is the most important.
D. It's easy to get a healthier lifestyle.

Pilates,yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy.There is,however,a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive,but has all the benefits-walking.
  Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains,"What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level.Plus,it is good for your heart,your head and your wallet."
  A recent report details the health benefits of walking.The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week,recommended by the UK's chief medical officer,could save 37，000 lives each year.Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running.They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%，while running reduced it by 4.5%.And there is even more good news：30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily,according to research by Oregon State University.The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day.The sooner you get started,the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body.So,go out for your 30-minute walk in a nearby park or green space.



The underlined word "humble" in the first paragraph probably means " ______ "．

A. plain
B. relaxing
C. popular
D. active

What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking？ ______

A. It's loved by people of all ages.
B. It's much healthier than running.
C. It's a money-saving physical exercise.
D. It's becoming more and more popular.

What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find？ ______

A. Walking helps people with sleep problems.
B. Walking contributes to curing heart disease.
C. Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives.
D. Walking is better than running in some cases.

In which section of a newspaper can we read this text？ ______

A. Comment.
B. Lifestyle.
C. Education.
D. Science.

Many people believe eating healthily is expensive-and more costly than buying junk foods.But our new research, published in the BMC Public Health, shows this isn't the truth.
   Most of the Australian family food budget（预算） is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt.
  Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily.The Australian adults get at least 35% of their energy from junk foods and drinks.As a result, two-thirds of adults（63%） and one quarter of children are overweight.
  We used the Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 and the suggestions of the Australian Dietary Guidelines to model healthy diets for a family of two adults and two children every two weeks.We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high and low socio-economic（社会经济地位低的） areas in Brisbane, and compared the diet prices with family incomes.
  In both areas, a family of two adults and two children spends about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets.About 58% of the food budget for present diets is spent on junk foods, including takeaway foods（14%）， and sugary drinks（4%）.
  In the low socioe-conomic area, a family of two adults and two children spends ﹩640.20 every two weeks on their present diets, but could buy a healthy diet for ﹩560.93 every two weeks.In the high socio-economic area, these numbers are ﹩661.92 and ﹩580.01.
  Supermarket food prices were about 3% higher in the high socioeconomic location.Takeaway foods were also relatively more expensive, but sugary drinks were priced similarly in both areas.
  Present diets cost more than healthy diets, so causes other than price must be helping to drive preferences for unhealthy choices.



What did the researchers find？ ______

A. Australians have a preference for sweet foods.
B. Most Australian kids have fat problems.
C. Half Australians live on junk foods.
D. Most Australians eat unhealthily.

How did the researchers get the result？ ______

A. By making a comparison.
B. By doing the study online.
C. By carrying out interviews.
D. By asking personal questions.

What can we learn from Paragraph 5？ ______

A. Australian foods are healthier.
B. A healthy diet is actually cheaper.
C. Health foods are becoming more expensive.
D. People choose junk foods for their low prices.

  The Internet brings us many advantages.
  With the Internet,people can send and receive emails.On the Internet,people can skim over news.Using the Telnet,the user anywhere on the Internet can log（登录）into any other machine on which he has an account.It is possible to use the FTP（File Transfer Protocol）program to copy files from one machine on the Internet to another.
  But the Internet also brings us troubles.
  Internet use seems to cause a fall in psychological（心理的）health,according to researches at Carnegie Mellon University.Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less often,the two-year study showed.And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet,but that using the Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings.
  Researchers are puzzled over the results,which were completely opposite to what they had expected.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.
  The fact that Internet use reduces time used for family and friends may be the reason for the drop in health,researchers said.Faceless,bodiless "virtual（虚拟的）" communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations,and the relationships formed through it may not be so deep.Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
  " But it's important to remember this is not about the technology；it's about how it is used，" said one of the researchers."It really points to the need for considering social factors when you design new inventions."



The writer mainly wants to tell us that ______ ．

A. the Internet can bring people many advantages
B. the Internet use may cause psychological problems
C. the Internet users are not satisfied with their lives
D. we shouldn't use the Internet

Why are the researchers puzzling over the results？ ______

A. Because the results were completely different from what they had thought.
B. Because the Net proved socially healthier than television.
C. Because the Internet users were all healthier.
D. Because the Internet users experienced less depression and loneliness.

What may be the reasons why the Internet use causes a fall in psychological health？ ______

A. Internet use reduces time used for family and friends.
B. Virtual communication is less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations.
C. Exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
D. All the above.

What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean？ ______

A. What matters is not the technology but how it is used.
B. This passage is not about the technology but about how it is used.
C. We should remember to learn about the technology.
D. We should remember to learn how to use computers.

Recently,few samples of mice with diabetes（糖尿病）in an experiment showed signs of recovery. Then there arose much discussion regarding the morality of such animal-testing procedures,especially since many unfortunate samples lost lives.  Is it moral and necessary to make sacrifices to benefit the majority？Or are these procedures merely an immoral and unnecessary waste of lives.
  Some people assume that it is acceptable to make sacrifices for the greater benefits because it can provide a more accurate insight to promote the progress of science. Through the test,we are able to obtain more accurate and reliable results that can lead to beneficial scientific progress to help the majority.  Scientists believe that sacrificing real animal samples can give more accurate insights compared to abstract computer modeling. For example,researchers who have conducted experiments on mice for Parkinson's disease have found more promising results which could reverse the symptoms of this previously incurable disease. Therefore,the long-term benefits are more important than the short-term sacrifices.
  However,others have argued that these acts are morally inappropriate especially since we have advanced to the point where there are more moral alternatives at present.  They believe that everything has an alternative as long as effort and money are placed. With the presence of better and more moral alternatives,there is no reason and moral room to sacrifice,even if it is for the larger benefits.
  In all,the samples' sacrifice is unavoidable due to their potential to attain great scientific progress. Research has shown that the cases having better and more moral alternatives are in rare exception,and most alternatives actually end up compromising other moral boundaries instead. However,if there exist such alternatives to some of the scientific procedures,we should try.



Why does the author use two questions in paragraph 1？ ______

A. To present diabetes.
B. To introduce the topic of the text.
C. To remind readers to focus on their health.
D. To show sympathy for the dead people.

What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to？ ______

A. Morality.
B. Progress.
C. Sacrificing samples.
D. Relieving the symptoms of the disease.

What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______

A. Mice-testing experiments are illegal.
B. There is no moral debate about animal testing.
C. Scientists decide not to use animals for experiments.
D. Researchers still have to sacrifice animals for science.

What is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Have Animal Experiments Made Progress？
B. Researches Are Fighting for Animal Rights
C. Is It Necessary to Sacrifice Animal Samples？
D. More Effort and Money Will Be Spent on Animals

Utah Lake is,in a word,disgusting. The State of Utah has worked with many partners and spent millions of dollars in an attempt to restore Utah Lake. It has indeed produced some active effects.  However,due to the waste water getting into it,this body of water is rich in  nutrient and home to water bloom.  Over fishing and the introduction of invasive species have only made the problem worse. In the summer of 2016，500 people in Utah complained about their headaches, skin rashes and discomfort after swimming in the lake.
  The Utah Lake Restoration Project is headed by Parker. He imagines a beautiful lake dotted with man-made islands where a community could be built. Parker frequently goes to Capitol Hill to push for the proposal of the comprehensive lake restoration. Parker follows his rules "big ideas are worth approaching"，as the project calls for lake digging,the creation of islands,the removal of invasive species to restore the habitats of native plants,fish and so on.
  Speaking of the Utah Lake Restoration Project,Ben Holcomb said,"It is not quite in line with reality." He added,"Despite impressive computer models and the current project report,the Utah Lake Restoration Project lacks the actual field research to show that this project will have a positive effect on the lake's ecosystem."
  When asked how the public would help beautify Utah Lake,the lake's official workers suggested picking up garbage. However,it has a greatly limited effect on the overall health of the lake. Parker's plan may seem like the state's best chance to restore Utah Lake,but in reality the Utah Lake Restoration Project lacks the facts necessary for this sort of proposal. The State of Utah should propose some suggestions for the revision of the plan and offer the Utah Lake Restoration Project the access necessary to conduct research which could be compared with their theoretical findings. Only then can the State of Utah make an educated decision on behalf of people and resources.



What can we learn from paragraph l？ ______

A. The State of Utah has tried to restore Utah Lake.
B. It is not difficult to save Utah Lake for the State.
C. People living around Utah Lake are healthy and happy.
D. People don't swim in Utah Lake because of its pollution.

What's the purpose of the Utah Lake Restoration Project？ ______

A. To build a community near Utah Lake.
B. To make the water of Utah Lake rich in nutrient.
C. To make Utah Lake popular with foreign tourists.
D. To build a safe home for native creatures in Utah Lake.

What's Ben Holcomb's attitude towards the Utah Lake Restoration Project？ ______

A. Doubtful.
B. Optimistic.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Approving.

What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph？ ______

A. Picking up garbage is the key to saving the whole lake.
B. There's no proper way to save the health of Utah Lake.
C. Parker's plan needs some field research and adjustment.
D. Local people should take responsibility for saving Utah Lake.

During the two and a half years since I settled down in Germany,I've caught a cold several times and gotten to experience how different German cold remedies（疗法）are from the Chinese ones.
  Back in Taiwan, whenever I had a streaming nose and a dry throat, I'd rush to the hospital to get prescribed medicine. For a fever,I would receive a red pill,which I now know is a type of antibiotic（抗生素）.
  Another thing I know now is that the criminal behind my cold is a virus. The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms. When I went to a German hospital intending to get some medicine to treat my cold,I got nothing more than a pat on my shoulder and words from the doctor, saying that I should get some really good rest. The first time this happened,I was shocked. I wondered how I could put up with my sickness without the help of medicine. But the longer I stayed in Germany,the better I knew how to self-medicate as other Germans do.
  I learned to take vitamin C to build up my resistance. But what I like the most is drinking "Erkaltungstee". For German people, Krkaltungstee is what their grandmother gives them when they catch a cold. It's a tea bag mainly made of lime flower and orange rind. Another popular cold remedy in Germany is chicken soup. During my first winter in Germany,I got a really bad cold. My neighbor brought me a bowl of chicken soup to make me feel better. It contained a lot of ginger,onion,garlic,carrots and celery. Germans believe these ingredients are perfect for helping your body recovers.



How did the author feel after seeing the German doctor？ ______

A. Relieved.
B. Surprised.
C. Satisfied.
D. Stressed.

According to the author, what effect do antibiotics have on his cold？ ______

A. They cure his cold.
B. They prevent the disease.
C. They kill the virus in him.
D. They make him feel better.

What do Germans think of "Erkaltungstee"？ ______

A. It can replace any cold remedy.
B. It can build up one's resistance.
C. It's a good way to self-medicate.
D. It's better than chicken soup.

What can we infer from the text？ ______

A. Germans tend not to use antibiotics to treat cold.
B. The author often catches a cold in Taiwan.
C. The author seldom drinks chicken soup.
D. German doctors are cold to patients.