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How much weight a baby gains during its first month could determine its IQ, as a new research suggests. The study found that children who gain more weight, and whose heads grow quickly during the first month of life, tend to have a higher IQ when they start school.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide, in Australia^ studied 13,800 children who were born at full-term. They found that those who put on 40% of their birth weight in the first four weeks had an IQ 1.5 points higher than those who only put on 15% of their birth weight. Those who experienced the biggest growth in head circumference (头围) also had the highest IQs by the age of six.
“Head circumference is an indicator of brain volume, so a greater increase in head circumference in a newly-born baby suggests more rapid brain growth,” says the led author of the study, Dr. Lisa Smithers.
She added, “Overall, newly-born children who grew faster in the first four weeks had higher IQ scores later in life. Those children who gained the most weight scored especially high on verbal (言语) IQ at age 6. This may be because the neural (神经的) structures for verbal IQ develop earlier in life, which means the rapid weight gain during the first month could be having a direct cognitive benefit for the children.”
Previous studies have shown the association between early postnatal (产后的) diet and IQ, but this is the first study of its kind to focus on the IQ benefits of rapid weight gain in the first month of life. Dr. Smithers says the study further highlights the need for successful feeding of newly-born babies. “We know that many mothers have difficulty establishing breastfeeding in the first week of their babies' life,” Dr. Smithers said.
“The findings of our study suggest that if babies are having feeding problems, there needs to be early intervention (干预) in the management of that feeding.”
（1）The study mainly shows that ________.
A.head circumference is certainly connected to IQ.
B.babies' heads grow quickly during the first month.
C.full-term babies tend to be cleverer than premature babies. (早产儿)
D.the more weight newly-born babies gain, the higher IQ they are likely to have.
（2）How did the researchers get their conclusion from the study?
A.By asking questions.
B.By making comparison.
C.By having a discussion.
D.By referring to documents.
（3）According to Dr. Lisa Smithers, we can learn that ________.
A.a kid's verbal IQ scores reach its highest at age six.
B.this study helps parents find feeding problems.
C.quick weight gain benefits newly born babies on verbal IQ.
D.this study reminds parents of the need for breastfeeding.
（4）The study differs from previous ones that _________.
A.it associates early postnatal diet with IQ.
B.it pays attention to the IQ of newly-born babies.
C.it emphasizes the significance of successful feeding.
D.it first focuses on the relation between IQ and weight gain in the first month of life.

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A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer（驯鹿）there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent. The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.
In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃, grasslands have become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive（孕育）more calves.
However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.
Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen , said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio（表面积与体积比）, they are no particularly energy efficient.
Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers（鹿角）, but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food. “The implication（含义）are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,”said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.
（1）Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?
A.Heavy snow.
B.Greater rainfall.
C.Hard ice.
D.Global warming.
（2）According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to_________.
A.grass growing more rapidly in summer
B.more rainfall in the arctic area in winter
C.female reindeer's gaining more weight in winter
D.female reindeer's suffering from hunger in winter
（3）What does the underlined word“gloomy”in the last paragraph mean?
A.Exciting.
B.Optimistic.
C.Disappointing.
D.Doubtful.
（4）How does the writer develop the passage?
A.By analyzing the research.
B.By classification of reindeer.
C.By comparing opinions of experts.
D.By telling stories of different species.

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The next time you get caught jumping on your bed you can tell your parents with a straight face that you are not playing, simply getting ready got a promising career in “Mattress Jumping”. Believe it or not, there are some people who actually get paid to do that! According to Reuben Reynoso, a professional mattress tester at San Francisco's McRoskey Mattress Factory that still makes every mattress by hand, it is real work and needs some training. For a start, it's not all about jumping to new heights or doing tricks like professional athletes, but rather about feeling each area of the mattress carefully to detect the filling. In order to do it right, every bit of the mattress has to be tested slowly and deliberately.
Over the years, Reynoso has figured out the perfect routine. He begins by placing a protective mat over the mattress so that it doesn't get dirty or absorb the smell from his feet. Then begins the fun---he steps to the middle of an edge and then takes five steps back and five steps forward. In this way, he slowly but surely, covers the entire surface. The key according to him is to find the perfect number of jumps---Too many and he will end up destroying the mattress completely. Too few And it will not fit into the giant machine for that final sewing! Who knew a job that sounds so simple could have so many skills!
While Reuben will not reveal how he got into this profession, he will admit that it is more fun than being a carpenter, roofer, construction worker and railroad engineer---all jobs he has tried previous to finding his true profession!
（1）We learn from the text that the McRoskey Mattress Factory ______.
A.is the world's oldest mattress factory
B.make mattresses for sports
C.produces mattresses by hand
D.hires athletes as mattress testers
（2）The protective mat is used to ______.
A.prevent the tester getting hurt
B.keep the mattress as clean as possible
C.protect the mattress from being destroyed
D.make the mattress fit into the sewing machine
（3）According to Reynoso, the most important thing in his work is ______.
A.the timing of his jumps
B.the height of his jumps
C.the number of his jumps
D.the frequency of his jumps
（4）We can learn from the text that Reynoso ______.
A.has been injured several times in his work
B.liked mattress jumping in his childhood
C.didn't choose mattress testing as his first job
D.dreamt about becoming a jumping athlete

(2017•山东)
　　What do you usually do in your spare time? Last week，I did a survey on students' activities in their spare time. There were 160 students taking part in the survey. Here are the results.
How often do you watch TV?

A. Sometimes；when I find something interesting
B. Often；I like watching TV.
C. Every day；I can't live without a TV.
How often do you surf the Internet?

A. Sometimes；when I need to look for something.
B. Often；I enjoy surfing the internet
C. Every day: I can't live without the Internet.
How many times do you exercise in a week?

A. Once a week.
B. Twice a week.
C. Never.
What volunteer activities do you often do?

A. Collecting rubbish.
B. Helping at a nursing home.
C. Looking after left-behind children.
(1) How many students watch TV every day?
A. About 28. B. About 35 C. About 45. D. About 55.
(2) How many students surf the Internet every day?
A.30. B.48. C. 57. D. 160.
(3) How many times do most of the students exercise in a week?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Never.
(4) Which of the following volunteer activities is not mentioned in the text?
A. Planting trees. B. Helping at a nursing home.
C. Looking after left-behind children. D. Collecting rubbish.
(5) Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The writer did the survey among 180 students.
B. 34% of the students can't live without the internet.
C. There are no students doing volunteer activities.
D. Some students watch TV when they find something inter

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You may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries — China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded.
Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concentrated amounts on the earth's surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented.
Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, computers, iPhones, DVD players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are becoming more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery!
America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was openedin Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980's and 1990's, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.
Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder in the coming months and years.
（1）What can we learn about rare earths?
A.They are actually as abundant as Copper.
B.They can be mined easily as other metals.
C.They can only be found in a few countries.
D.They are not really as rare as they are named.
（2）Compared with China, America       .
A.paid more attention to Europium
B.has larger deposits of rare earths
C.started producing rare earths earlier
D.has more rare earth mines
（3）It can be inferred from the text that rare earths       .
A.are now in great demand
B.can now be used in few fields
C.are harmful to the environment
D.will soon be replaced by other metals

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Qibao Ancient Village
Qibao, located in the center of Minhang District, Shanghai, is a village with a history of one thousand years. In the village, wine and tea are served on old-fashioned square tables together with long benches, long-mouth copper pots and flat-end chopstick used. The most famous snacks in old Shanghai are square pastry, rice wine and steamed salted pork in wine.
Telephone: 021-21087225
Entrance Ticket: 45 yuan per all-in-one ticket (preferable price of 30 yuan is available now), covering almost all tourist attractions inside the village.
Jinshan Village of Farmer Painting
Villagers skillfully make good use of folk arts such as printing and dyeing, embroidery (刺绣), wood carving. They take the various folk customs and the busy scenes of labor of villagers in the lower Changjiang valley as the theme of paintings and create farmer paintings in a simple style.
Telephone: 021-57355555
Entrance Ticket: 30 yuan/person
Merry Countryside Tour in Zhonghua Village
The village provides tourists with accommodations, tours, chess, cards, fitness and entertainment through renting out separate farmhouse and sells tourist products and agricultural by-products related to the merry countryside tour.
Telephone: 021-57395433
Entrance Ticket: Free
Pudong Lingkong Agric Gardening
It is one of Shanghai countryside tour scenic spots, which features art of teapots, crop plantation and export. The Geological Science Popularization Hall stores up tens of thousands of rare stones collected all over the world.
Telephone: 021-33935557
Entrance Ticket: 50 yuan/person
（1）Which tour is offering a discount on the entrance ticket now?
A.Qibao Ancient Village.
B.Jinshan Village of Farmer Painting.
C.Merry Countryside Tour in Zhonghua Village.
D.Pudong Lingkong Agric Gardening.
（2）Pudong Lingkong Agric Gardening may especially attract people who are interested in ________.
A.traditional snacks
B.folk arts
C.farming
D.rare stones
（3）What is the theme shared by the four tours?
A.Countryside life.
B.Agricultural achievements.
C.City developments.
D.Traditional customs.

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For many people who live in cities, parks are an important landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.
One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release it much more quickly than trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.
Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the much-needed land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetables and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy but also a smart environmental investment.
（1）The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means _________.
A.takes up
B.gives out
C.carries away
D.breathes in
（2）Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?
A.More rooftop gardens.
B.More trees and grass.
C.More parking lots.
D.More building materials.
（3）When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?
A.They make people much happier.
B.They provide more benefits from urban parks.
C.They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.
D.They have become very popular in recent years.
（4）What's the author's attitude towards rooftop gardens?
A.Supportive.
B.Doubtful.
C.Critical.
D.Objective.

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Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep in order to cut the greenhouse gases they send out, which is thought to be responsible for global warming.
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence (肠胃气胀) contains no methane and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack, pushing out carbon dioxide, farm animals' passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions in some countries.
“Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia are from enteric methane from cattle and sheep,” said Athol Klieve, a senior research scientist with the greensland state government. “And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they are actually up around 50 percent,” he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also make the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers. But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate the bacteria before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.
Another group of scientists, meanwhile, have suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos. And about 20 percent of health-conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.
It's low in fat, it's got high protein levels and it is very clean in the sense that basically it is free-range(放养的) animal,” said Peter Ampt of the University of New South Wales' institute of environmental studies.
（1）Scientists intend to put bacteria into cattle and sheep ________.
A.to help Australian farmers to earn more money
B.to prevent them from sending out harmful gases
C.so that they can protect Australian ecosystem
D.so that they can make full use of special bacteria
（2）Athol Klieve seems to believe that _________.
A.farm animals are to blame for greenhouse gases
B.less cattle and sheep are raised in New Zealand
C.cattle and sheep produce less carbon dioxide
D.New Zealand has the most animals in the world
（3）The advantages Peter Ampt lists about kangaroos don't include ________.
A.it is rich in protein
B.it is low in fat
C.it is cheaper than beef
D.it is cleaner than sheep
（4）The main idea of the passage is to ________.
A.discuss a better way to protect the earth
B.warn farmers of the danger of animal waste
C.explain the possible solutions to pollution
D.present a recent study on global warming

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Top UK Summer Camps
Oxford Summer Academy,Oxford
The Oxford Summer Academy is a specialized program for 16-19-year-olds who want a taste of life at one of the world's most well-known universities.Activities range from morning tutorials（辅导）to afternoon electives that are designed to broaden students' understanding of what they'll be studying and how to be excellent in their chosen fields.
Ardmay House,Long Loch,Scotland
Ardmay House is the sort of adventure camp that makes adults jealous.Campers are presented with Lord of The Rings type settings to feel and try new things.With activities like climbing,beach art,fashion shows and quiz nights, kids are brought closer to nature and their peers in a fun and safe environment.
Uppingham Summer School,Uppingham
The Uppingham Summer School offers an impressive variety of summer courses from arts and crafts to theatre, cookery and sports.It was their Creativity Technologies Powerhouse that caught our eye when researching camps for this article.The course covers everything from iPhone app and design to computer game design,film-making,robot design and music technology.It's basically a course that takes them through the most exciting technology among the modem media.It's an amazing environment for kids to learn and grow in.
Learn and Experience,Yorkshire
Learn and Experience focuses on giving kids from the UK and abroad a chance to interact and have a good time with one another,an experience that makes them grow as individuals.With half the campers coming from abroad,it's a golden opportunity for curious kids to put their geography classes into practice without having to leave the country.
（1）Who will be most interested in Oxford Summer Academy?
A.Those who are entering Oxford.
B.Those who have to improve their studies.
C.Those who want to practice their oral English.
D.Those who want to experience the life of Oxford.
（2）The Uppingham Summer School attracts kids mainly because of      .
A.its art courses
B.its amazing environment
C.its creative technology courses
D.its good condition
（3）A student who wants to put his geography knowledge to practical use will go to      .
A.Oxford Summer Academy, Oxford
B.Ardmay House, Long Loch, Scotland
C.Uppingham Summer School, Uppingham
D.Learn and Experience, Yorkshire

阅读理解Where Is Spring Break
Where is Spring Break going to be? The options are endless. Do you want to get your blood pumping from thrilling travels? Look no further! These tours and destinations will keep you on your toes all week long.
Panama: This underrated destination is a little-known secret of the most travelers! Through this tour you'll get to hike, snorkel (浮潜) and explore all the best sights this beautiful country has to offer! Eight days tours for $ 250 / day.
Canada: This diverse country is full of options. Explore the East of Canada and visit cities such as Montreal, Quebec or Toronto. If you're feeling adventurous, explore the Western part of the country with a Canadian Rockies Tour. During this twelve days tour you will hike a glacier to beautiful scenery and wander through postcard-worthy villages. Tours to Canada for $200 / day.
Iceland: Check off one of the seven wonders of the world with a tour of the Northern Lights and Golden Circle. Spend seven days full of adventure like hiking glaciers, snowshoeing through Thingvellir National Park, relaxing in the Geysir Hot Springs and of course experiencing the glory of the Northern Lights! Seven days tours for $ 300 / day.
South Africa: Discover the diverse culture and wildlife that makes up South Africa. Your tour plan includes a journey along the coast known as “Rainbow Nation.” Here you will enjoy beautiful scenery, a hunting travel through Addo Elephant National Park and the wildlife in Tsitsikarnma National Park. Nine days tours for $230 / day.
（1）What is the common characteristic of the travels mentioned in the text?
A.Exciting.
B.Risky.
C.Educational.
D.Environmental.
（2）According to the text, Panama is a destination which       .
A.is not as famous as the other three
B.you can go to for enjoying surfing
C.offers an option to hike in the park
D.takes the most time of the four tours
（3）Which destination costs tourists the most money?
A.Panama.
B.Canada.
C.Iceland.
D.South Africa.
（4）What can be learned from the text?
A.Tourists can take a hot shower only in Iceland.
B.Tourists can hike glaciers in both Canada and Iceland.
C.Canada offers Rockies Tour for tourists to explore the East.
D.Tourists can enjoy a hunting travel through Tsitsikamma National Park.