选择知识点

阅读理解
You're riding in the car on this family vacation. Suddenly your dad slows down. And you may see the following：
1). Bubblegum Alley
San Luis Obispo, California
Some call it art; others call it just plain gross. Bubblegum Alley is covered from top to bottom with wads of chewed gum, a tradition that was started mysteriously by locals in the 1950s. Some artists even created images of funny faces and the American flag.
2). Blue Whale
Catoosa, Oklahoma
Not ready to dive the depths of the ocean to see a blue whale? No problem. Just visit this 80-foot-long cement beast, which even has a slide and diving board so visitors can take a dip in the pond. When the artist died, the whale fell into disrepair. Neighbors couldn't stand to see the grinning whale fall apart, so they fixed it and now keep it bright with gallons of blue paint.
3). Lonesome Legs
Amarillo, Texas
Just what are these large legs doing in a cow pasture? According to artist Lightnin' McDuff, they represent a poem about a traveler who finds a bodiless statue of an Egyptian pharaoh (法老) called Ozymandias. Using concrete over a steel frame, McDuff constructed the legs to appear as if they were made of weathered sandstone. And the socks? A prankster (恶作剧的人) keeps adding them—even though McDuff always removes the unwanted addition.
4). Giant Penguin
Cut Bank, Montana
Bundle up (使……穿暖)when you visit this statue, because temperatures here can get as low as 47 degrees below zero. As a nod to the frosty conditions, a local businessman built the 27-foot-tall penguin out of 10,000 pounds of concrete. The creator left for warmer weather, but the statue—7 times the height of a real emperor penguin—still stands, welcoming visitors to its chilly home.
（1）What led to the formation of the Bubblegum Alley?
A.Artists made it by creating images of funny faces and the American flag.
B.It's covered with pieces of chewed gum.
C.It spread for some unknown reason.
D.Artists guided this trend.
（2）The following are descriptions about these sites, which is TRUE?
①The Blue Whale has been ruined.
②Visitors can entertain in the whale.
③The socks were added by the designer.
④The legs were made of weathered sandstone.
⑤The penguin is located in a very cold area.
⑥The statue of penguin is 6 times higher than a real emperor penguin.
A.①②③
B.④⑤⑥
C.①④⑤
D.②⑤⑥
（3）What impression of these sites does the author give you?
A.Funny.
B.Strange.
C.Amazing.
D.Usual.

阅读理解
At the beginning of the century there was a big farm called Hollywood Ranch. It was near Los Angeles in California. A few years later Hollywood was one of the famous places of the world. From 1910s to the 1950s Hollywood was the film center of the world. Every family knew the names of its film stars Charlie Chaplin, Grete Garbo, Bergman and hundreds more.
The reason why people went to Hollywood to make films was the sun. At first people made films in New York on the east coast of the United States. But then they heard about Los Angeles where there are 350 days of sun every year. As they made all the films by sunlight, the west coast was a much better place to work.
Also near Hollywood you can find mountains and sea and desert. They did not have to travel far to make any kind o film
When TV became popular in the 1960s, Hollywood started making films for television. Then in 1970s they discovered people still went to cinema to see big expensive films. After twenty years they are still making films in Hollywood and people watch them all over the world.
（1）Hollywood used to be a       .
A.cinema
B.big farm
C.park
D.market
（2）Who was not mentioned as a film star in the passage?
A.Charlie Chaplin.
B.Marilyn Monroe
C.Ingrid Bergman
D.Greta Garbo.
（3）People went to Hollywood to make films because       .
A.it was a beautiful place
B.you could find many film stars
C.there was a lot of sunlight there
D.it was a famous place
（4）Which statement is true?
A.The west coast was a better place to make films.
B.There are no mountains near Hollywood.
C.People no longer went to the cinema after television became popular.
D.Hollywood began to make films for television before the First World War.

阅读理解
England's highest main-line railway station is in serious trouble, deserted and unmanned since it was officially closed in 1970, Dent, located high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who simply want to catch a train from the highest station to its platforms.
But even this limited being may soon be brought to an end. Dent station located on the Settel to Carlisle railway line, is said to be surrounded by the most beautiful scenery in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line because of the British Rail's money problems.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Bridges, built a century ago, are falling down. It is not alone. Half a dozen railway routes in the North of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is an old system and an almost total lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their ages, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting（腐烂） and engines and coaches(车厢) are getting old.
On main lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. There lines still make a profit and cash can be found to keep them in good condition. But on the country branch line, the situation is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making the journey longer than necessary and discouraging travelers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another places. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridling station was threatening to fall down. Repairs were calculated at 200,000 pounds just for one bridge, so British Rail was pleased, and rather surprised when two local councils(理事会) offered half that amount of money.
（1）Of all the railway routes in Britain, the one which passes through Dent
A.is the most historic.
B.passes through the most attractive countryside.
C.is the most expensive route for tourists.
D.carries the greatest number of tourists.
（2）What is the most urgent（ 迫切的）problem for many country railway lines ?
A.Rebuilding bridges.
B.Repairing engines.
C.Renewing coaches.
D.Replacing stations.
（3）Who would appear to be the people most affected by the difficulties facing the British Rail?
A.The people who do much business.
B.The groups who are organized .
C.Large city people and local people.
D.The people who want to have holidays for touring.
（4）How should British Rail improve the financial situation of the country railway lines?
A.By bringing in speed limits
B.By decreasing preserving costs.
C.By increasing train fares
D.By asking local councils for help

阅读理解
While money can't technically buy happiness, it can buy you a mood-lifting, outlook-improving vacation. Haven't made plan yet to skip town this winter? These money-saving travel tips can help you book the destination of your choice and enjoy you time there—without breaking the bank.
1).FLY THE COOP FAST
If you're planning to set off for an adventure right away, try the GTFO(Get The Flight Out) app. It lists the cheapest round-trip flights departing from your local airport that day or by the next morning. At press time, airfare was down 12 percent from last August and round-trip tickets for domestic flights averaged $218.
2).SNAG A DISCOUNTED HOTEL ROOM
If Airbnb, an online service that provide apartment exchange, isn't your style, reserve marked-down accommodations on Tingo, which lists almost all the rooms in more than 155,000 locations worldwide. After you book a price drop room, the site monitors rates until, typically, 24 to 48 hours before check-in. If the price drops, Tingo refunds you the difference.
3).LIVE IT UP LOCALLY
If you're planning a staycation(宅度假) this winter, try an affordable escape close to home. The free app HotelTonight offers lodging(租住) deals in more than 100 U.S. and Canadian cities and regions, and has a location-based feature that gives extea saving on already discounted prices on spots closest to you. Same-day prices fall even lower after 6 P.M.
（1）The GTFO app is most useful to those who      .
A.Take a regular business trip
B.Seek a last-minutes travel
C.can't afford a comfortable travel
D.Plan a short-distance flight
（2）Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “marked-down” in Paragraph?
A.highlighted
B.written
C.discounted
D.scored
（3）What can we infer about the app HotelTonight?
A.Only the U.S natives can use it
B.Its deals include the whole America
C.Prices stay the same within a day
D.Its services vary from place to place
（4）What is the aim of the passage?
A.To persuade
B.To inform
C.To describe
D.To instruct

根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Spain is a country that lies in southwestern Europe. It's surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the south and the east, while to the north of Spain lie France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay. The west and northwest of Spain are surrounded by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
The official name of the state is the Kingdom of Spain. Madrid is the capital city, which is also one of the famous places in Spain. Spain, which covers 506,000 square kilometers, is one of the largest countries in Europe.
The weather in Spain differs from one area to another. Most of the rain that happens in Spain is in the mountainous areas. The plains hardly receive any rainfall.
Soccer in Spain is an important part of life of the people in Spain. It's said that Spanish children learn to walk and play soccer at exactly the same time. Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are two Spanish soccer teams, which are respected by soccer fans not only in Spain, but all over the world. The popularity of the sport can be judged from the fact that three major soccer teams, which are Real Madrid, Atletico de Madrid , and Rayo Vallecano, were born in Madrid.
If you are a tourist, then you would want to know about the driving rules in Spain. If you're not from the European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein, then for you to drive you'll have to carry your international driver's license. Bad news if you haven't celebrated your 18th birthday. If you want to rent a car, then you must have completed 21 years of age. If you're driving, make sure you carry all the documents on you at all times during your stay in Spain.
（1）Paragraph 1 is mainly about      .
A.the history of Spain
B.the location of Spain
C.The famous cities in Spain
D.the neighboring countries of Spain.
（2）Who is allowed to rent a car in Spain?
A.Tom who is 17 years old
B.Jenny who is 19 years old 
C.Mike who is 20 years old
D.Brown who is 22 years old
（3）Which of the following about Spain is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Weather
B.Transport
C.Sports
D.Driving rules
（4）The purpose of the passage is to       .
A.explain how to enjoy life in Spain
B.prove Spain in a beautiful country
C.make readers know more about Spain 
D.attract more people to pay a visit to Spain

阅读理解
Recently, we have already shown that climate change has led to a dramatic increase in storm surge risk in New York City, making devastating events like Hurricane Sandy more likely.
What can we say about the role of climate change in the unprecedented disaster that is unfolding in Houston with Hurricane Harvey? There are certain climate change-related factors that we can, with great confidence, say worsened the flooding.
Sea Level rise attributable to climate change-some of which is due to coastal subsidence(下沉) caused by human disturbance such as oil drilling-is more than half a foot(15cm) over the past few decades. That means the storm surge was half a foot higher than it would have been just decades ago, meaning far more flooding and destruction.
In addition to that, sea surface temperatures in the region have risen about 0.5C(close to 1F) over the past few decades from roughly 30C(86F) to 30.5C(87F), which contributed to the very warm sea surface temperatures(30.5-31C, or 87-88F). There is a simple thermodynamic(热力学的) relationship known as the Clausius-Clapeyron equation that tells us there is a roughly 3% increase in average atmospheric moisture content for each 0.5C of warming. Sea surface temperatures in the area where Harvey intensified were 0.5-1C warmer than current-day average temperatures, which translates to 1-1.5C warmer than “average” temperatures a few decades ago. That means 3-5% more moisture(水分) in the atmosphere. That large amount of moisture creates the potential for much greater rainfalls and greater flooding. The combination of coastal flooding and heavy rainfall is responsible for the devastating flooding that Houston is experiencing.
Not only are the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico unusually warm right now, but there is a deep layer of warm water that Harvey was able to feed upon when it intensified at near record pace as it neared the coast. Human-caused warming is penetrating down into the ocean. It's creating deeper layers of warm water in the Gulf and elsewhere. Harvey was almost certainly more intense than it would have been in the absence of human-caused warming, which means stronger winds, more wind damage and a larger storm surge.
Finally, the more tenuous but potentially relevant climate factors: part of what has made Harvey such a devastating(毁灭性的) storm is the way it has stalled near the coast. It continues to strike Houston and surrounding regions with a seemingly endless flood, which will likely top out at nearly 4ft(1.22m) of rainfall over a days-long period before it is done. The stalling is due to very weak prevailing winds, which are failing to steer the storm off to sea, allowing it to spin around and wobble back and forth. This pattern, in turn, is associated with a greatly expanded subtropical high pressure system over much of the US at the moment, with the jet stream pushed well to the north. This pattern of subtropical expansion is predicted in model simulations of human-caused climate change. More tenuous(微弱的), but possibly relevant still, is the fact that very persistent, nearly “stationary” summer weather patterns of this sort, where weather anomalies(both high-pressure dry hot regions and low-pressure stormy/rainy regions) stay locked in place for many days at a time, appears to be favoured by human-caused climate change.
In conclusion, while we cannot say climate change “caused” Hurricane Harvey, what we can say is that it exacerbated several characteristics of the storm in a way that greatly increased the risk of damage and loss of life. Climate change worsened the impact of Hurricane Harvey.
（1）What's the main purpose of writing the passage?
A.To offer tips on climate change
B.To advocate paying more attention to current climate change urgently
C.To share experiences on avoiding climate change
D.To criticize human-caused climate change
（2）The underlined word “intensified” in Paragraph 4 probably means      .
A.worsened
B.caused
C.favoured
D.increased
（3）What is the best title for the passage?
A.Climate change made Hurricane Harvey more deadly
B.Sea level rise sea and surface temperatures changed Hurricane Harvey
C.Hurricane Harvey and its characteristics
D.The climate change-related factors and human-caused warming
（4）Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
I: Introduction CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
A.
B.
C.
D.

阅读理解Car Hire
Hiring a self-drive car really adds to the enjoyment of your holiday.There are so many places of interest to visit, and if you enjoy seeing more than just the city center there's no better way to explore than by car.
Hire Charges:
What's included
a) Unlimited mileage（英里数）.
b) Expenses on oil,maintenance and repairs,which will be repaid on production of invoices.
c) Full insurance except personal accident (see below).
What's not included
a) Personal accident insurance.
b) Garaging, petrol, parking and traffic fines.
Conditions of Hire:
The shortest rental period at these special low prices is three days.For prices for periods of one or two days you only see our representative at the hotel.
Car hire must be booked six weeks or more before arrival in London to guarantee a car.But if you have been unable to make a booking in advance please see our representative at the hotel who may still be able to help you.
The car types on the sheet are examples of the types of cars in each price range,but particular car cannot be guaranteed.
Upon delivery the driver (s) will be asked to sigh the car hire company's Condition of Hire.
If you decide to hire a car,just fill in the Booking Form and return it to us.A booking fee of £ 12 as part of the car hire cost is required.
Should you be forced to cancel your car hire booking after payment in full (two weeks before date of hire),a cancellation charge of £ 12 will be made.
（1）From the advertisement, if an accident happens, a car hirer will pay      .
A.insurance against damage to the car
B.the cost of maintenance of the car
C.insurance against injury to the driver
D.the cost of repairs to the car
（2）If car hirers change their minds after paying the whole cost of hiring,the £ 12 booking fee is      .
A.not returned
B.doubly paid
C.partly returned
D.returned within six weeks
（3）The prices for car hire are especially low when       .
A.it is booked two weeks in advance
B.it is booked for at least three days
C.it is booked for two days
D.the booking is made in London

阅读理解
What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go.
Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020.
And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspapers will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel. Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy.
Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students ‘library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, who will check homework on computers and communicate with the students' parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.
（1）Why has the Spring Festival caused headaches for many Chinese?
A.Because it is the most important Chinese holiday.
B.Because it costs too much money to celebrate it.
C.Because the traffic is too heavy then.
D.Because the travel tickets are too expensive then.
（2）What is not mentioned in the passage as sources of energy       .
A.Coal
B.Wind
C.Nuclear power
D.Water
（3）From the passage we can know        in the future.
A.the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem
B.90% of the population will live in the city
C.robot teachers will check homework
D.oil is running out faster than expected. Unluckily, scientists haven't found something else for oil as fuel.
（4）What's the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Schools will go electronic
B.Computers will be important
C.There will be robot teachers
D.School buses will be like spaceships

阅读理解
For years, people have wondered whether there's life on other planets. Scientists may now be closer than ever to answering that question.
Using powerful telescopes, a team of astronomers in South America discovered a new planet, called Proxima b. It circles a star named Proxima Centauri, in the same way Earth circles the sun. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to our solar system.
Scientists believe the new planet has a rocky surface and is similar in size to Earth. More important, they've determined that the distance between Proxima b and its “sun” gives the planet a similar temperature to Earth's.This means it could have liquid water. The presence of water on a planet makes it possible for life to exist there. Scientists refer to planets like Proxima b as “Goldilocks planets” because they are not too hot or too cold, but just right to possibly support life.
Astronomers have found other Goldilocks planets in the past, but none are as close to Earth as Proxima b. Still, the new planet is 4.2 light years from Earth—that is about 25 trillion miles away.
Despite the long distance, astronomers hope to get a much better look at our new-found neighbor one day. But they'll need to wait until more advanced telescopes are developed. They may also send a robotic spacecraft to investigate the planet.
（1）Earth is to the sun what _____.
A.Proxima b is to Proxima Centauri
B.Proxima Centauri is to Proxima b
C.Proxima b is to the solar system
D.the solar system is to Proxima b
（2）The writer introduces the new planet mainly by _____.
A.listing figures
B.making the comparisons
C.following the space order
D.giving examples
（3）Planets like Proxima b are referred to as “ Goldilocks planets” because of _____.
A.their temperature
B.the presence of water
C.the life on them
D.their size
（4）We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A.astronomers have a long way to go to explore the new planet
B.existing telescopes are still far from advanced
C.the long distance will prevent astronomers from exploring the new planet
D.astronomers have got the whole picture of the new planet

阅读理解
Murcia
I have spent about 8 months living in Murcia and I feel that I should put it as number one on my list. On my return from exploring other cities, I always feel like I'm returning home when I set foot in Murcia. The city centre is full of life and energy and has an incredible atmosphere all year round. Although the accent takes you a little time to get used to at first, you will adjust to it. Murcia is also home to some gorgeous(壮丽的) beaches and amazing coastal views. So it really does have the best of both worlds!
Gibraltar
I visited Gibraltar during the Easter holidays and I was totally surprised by the beauty of Gibraltar! From a short cable car riding up to the top of the rock you are met with splendid views over the coast and the adorable monkeys which curiously come to greet you on your arrival. Make sure to hide all your food because they think it's a gift for them!
Valencia
Valencia is beautiful. It's as simple as that! The river-area is so exciting and full of life, all the way up to the science museum and beaches. However, I was a little confused by the fact that the river had long been filled in and turned into a park, yet people still referred to it as The River.
Alicante
I have spent many a weekend in Alicante, making the most of the beautiful beach in low season, before all the tourists arrive. May is the high season here, so I'd definitely recommend a visit in April, September, or October, just before or after the holiday season.
（1）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Murcia and other cities.
B.The city centre and beautiful coasts.
C.Gorgeous beaches and amazing coastal views.
D.The incredible atmosphere and lovely homes of the city.
（2）Actually the adorable monkeys come to visitors to       .
A.welcome them
B.send them gifts
C.attract them
D.get something to eat
（3）The River is now       .
A.a park
B.a river
C.beautiful beaches
D.the science museum
（4）When did the author visit Alicante?
A.In May.
B.In October.
C.In April.
D.In September.