选择知识点

C

   The clothes you wear. The food you eat. The color of your bedroom walls. Where you go and how you get there. The people you hang around with. What time you go to bed. What do these things have in common? You’re asking. They’re just a few examples of many hundreds of things that your parents controlled for you when you were a child.

   As a kid, you didn’t have a say in everything; your parents made decisions about everything from the cereal you ate in the morning to pajamas you wore at night. And it’s a good thing, too --- kids need this kind of protection on their own.

   But finally, kids grow up and become teens. And part of being a teen is developing your own identity--- one that is separate from your parents’. But as you change and grow into this new person who makes his own decisions, your parents have a difficult time adjusting(调整).

   In most families, it is this adjustment that can cause a lot of fighting between teens and parents. And issues like the type of friends you have or your attitudes to partying can cause bigger argum ents, because your parents still always want to protect you and keep you safe, no matter how old you are.

   The good news about fighting with your parents get more comfortable with the idea that their teens have a right to certain opinions. It can take several years for parents and teens to adjust to their new roles, though. In the meantime, focus on communicating with your parents.

   Sometimes this can feel impossible --- like they just don’t see your point of view and never will. But talking and expressing your opinions can help you gain more respect from your parents.

   Keep in mind, too, that your parents were teens once and that in most cases, they can relate to what you’re going through.

(1) In the first two paragraphs, the writer _______.

A. complains that parents control kids too much

B. proves that kids have no right to give their opinions

C. describes how carefully parents look after kids

D. explains that it is necessary for parents to control kids

(2) A lot of fighting breaks out between teens and parents because_______.

A. parents aren’t used to losing control of kids

B. teens like to have everything decided

C. parents blame teens for not respecting them

D. teens are eager to develop their own identity

(3) The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 may refer to “________”.

A. arguing with friends

B. fighting with your parents

C. communicating with parents

D. adjusting to new roles

(4) In the writer’s opinion, parents control teens in order to ________.

A. prevent them from having their own ideas

B. protect them from being hurt

C. make them respect parents in the family

D. make sure that children have a good future

If you go to the seaside in Britain, you may see some small hills of sand, but nothing very impressive. Of course, Africa is home to many beautiful “sandscapes”, but I was in China, so I went to Dunhuang.

I had spent my first day looking at the beautiful Mogao caves. Now I wanted to experience something very different.

I have been walking in Asia, Europe and America, but nothing prepared me for walking over hills of sand. Whenever I took a step up a hill, my feet would sink into the sand and move backwards. Sometimes it seemed as if I were moving in the wrong direction.

  I wanted to see the sunset so I had to climb to the top of the highest sand dune.（沙丘）The sun was beating down upon my back as I walked slowly over the sand. Some plants had managed to survive in the dry ground but not many.

As I climbed higher, the hills of sand became steeper and my feet started to slip further backwards. I ended up with my hands and knees, crawling (爬行)upwards through the top. I just let go if I would fall the way down. But I refused to give up: inch by inch, I made my way to the top of the sand dune.

When I got there I was amazed by what I saw. The sand formed a very sharp point, just like a knife-edge. One side of the dune was bathed in sunshine, the other covered by shade. As I looked into the distance, the same pattern was repeated on all of the hilltops, and the difference between dark and light was beautiful.

As the sun began to sink, the shadows grew longer and the light became warm and orange. The wind had come to life and sand was blown against my legs as I walked along the dunes. Soon it was getting dark and I could only just make out the line of footprints that marked my journey to the top of the hill. I slowly made my way down to the bottom, my path lit by the dying sun.

(1) The author probably went to climb the sand dunes __________ after he arrived at Dunhuang.

A. on the afternoon of the first day

B. on the afternoon of the second day

C. on the evening of the second day

D. on the evening of the first day

(2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Africa has many beautiful sand dunes.

B. The author could see nothing but his own footprints on his way back.

C. The author had seen some kinds of sand dunes before he visited Dunhuang

D. What attracted the author most was that the sand formed a very sharp point.

(3) The author got to the top of the highest hill of sand _____________.

A. on his hands and knees all the way

B. with falls to the bottom many times

C. on his hands and knees in the last leg (一段旅程)

D. with a few rests all the way

(4) The author mainly wants to tell readers about_____________.

A. the beautiful sunset

B. his experience of climbing the sand hills

C. the joy of traveling in nature

D. the difficulty of climbing the sand dunes

Communication is an essential part of human existence. However, not all of us are born with great personal relationship skills. In fact, a lot of people are afraid of talking to others or in front of a crowd for several reasons including physical disabilities(残疾), lack of knowledge, and emotional hindrances(障碍). If you want to get over your poor conversation habits, here are some useful tips you should practice:
Talk about interesting general subjects. Topics that are too specific may not be appealing to everyone. Current issues or news items are perfect starters because you can be sure that other people are aware of them.
Do not be afraid of conversational taboos(禁忌). However, know your limitations. Topics such as religion and politics can be discussed without debating. Often, key issues, especially those that take sides, make the best conversations.
Discuss, do not argue. State facts and opinions politely, but do not force other people to accept what you believe in. At the same time, be open to their viewpoints. After all, the purpose of a conversation is to exchange views and information.
Listen. Like relationships, conversations should have a give-and-take pattern. Allow other people to speak their opinions without constant interruptions(打断). Pay attention and focus on every detail they say. An interest in another person’s point of view is absolutely essential.
Stay with the subject. Do not move from topic to topic. Try to explore an issue with reasonably and completely.
Say what you think. Do not be afraid to agree or disagree on a particular issue. A certain amount of honest disagreement establishes(建立)mutual (相互的) respect.
Do not panic when there is a pause. You do not have to rush in to fill every little pocket of silence. Pauses are a necessary part of every good conversation. They refresh (恢复) the communicators’ minds and provide an opportunity to collect one’s thoughts before taking part in the discussion again.

(1) Which of the following can be thought of as a poor conversation habit?

A. Listening and constantly breaking in to discuss.

B. Opening up an interesting general topic.

C. Telling other people your opinion when you disagree.

D. Discussing with others based on facts.

(2) We can infer that when communicating with other people, you should avoid ________.

A. honest disagreement

B. conversational taboos

C. changing others’ opinions

D. staying with the same topic

(3) Pauses are necessary for people in a conversation to ______.

A. establish mutual respect

B. explore an issue thoroughly

C. prepare for the next topic

D. avoid arguing with others

(4) By writing the passage, the author intends to tell us ______.

A. how to get rid of emotional hindrances

B. reasons for poor conversation

C. how to communicate with others

D. useful tips on conversation topics​

It is often said that you cannot “teach an old dog new tricks”, but three New Zealand dogs have decided to prove otherwise by learning a skill—driving a car!

　　What’s even more impressive is that the three who have become skilled in just eight weeks are not special dogs that belong to some rich owners, but abandoned ones at New Zealand’s SPCA.

　　To get their training started, 10-month-old Porter, 18-month-old Monty and one-year-old Ginny were selected from a pool of seven potential candidates and moved to Animal Q, a talent agency that teaches animals tricks for movies and television shows.

　　The driving classes began with teaching the dogs some basic driving techniques like turning the steering wheels(方向盘)and applying the brakes. After that the dogs practiced everything they had learnt behind the wheels of a motorized(装上发动机的)car. Then finally, it was time for the big test-driving a real car!

　　Human cars are not really built for four-legged animals, so the car they drove was adjusted so that the dogs could sit comfortably and easily reach the steering wheel with their paws.

　　Though they all seemed to do very well, the real test came on Monday night when Monty, the best driver of the three, showed his great driving skill on live television.

　　Why would the SPCA go through so much trouble to highlight the skills of homeless dogs? The reason is to show that adopting a dog from a shelter does not mean owners are getting a pet that is worse than one purchased from a keeper. The CEO of the SPCA is hoping that this unusual event will be enough to convince the residents of New Zealand to consider them, when searching for a pet.

　　We surely hope so, meanwhile we are almost certain that these three pioneers have at least landed their names in the Guinness World Records, creating a category that probably does not even exist today!

(1) Who do the three dogs belong to?

A. Some rich owners.

B. Animal Q.

C. A shelter.

D. A zoo.

(2) The car the dogs drove was adjusted 　　　.

A. because it was too big for the dogs to drive

B. because it had no steering wheels and brakes

C. to ensure the dogs could sit comfortably and drive easily

D. to motorize the car and turn it to be a real one

(3) Why does the SPCA decide to teach the three dogs to learn to drive a car?

A. To prove old dogs can learn new tricks.

B. To teach them performing tricks for movies and television shows.

C. To provide amusing performances for homeless children.

D. To encourage people to adopt the abandoned dogs.

(4) The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 7 refers to“ 　　　”.

A. the leaders of the SPCA

B. the residents of New Zealand

C. all kinds of pets

D. homeless dogs

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session — care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”

A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. There’s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.

 

(1) What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?

A. Learn a new subject

B. Keep in touch with friends.

C. Show off their knowledge.

D. Express their true feelings.

(2) How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?

A. They are less frequently visited.

B. They stay open for longer hours.

C. They have bigger night crowds.

D. They start to serve fast food.

(3) What are theme cafes expected to do?

A. Create more jobs.	B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business.	D. Serve the neighborhood.

(4) Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?

A. They bring people true friendship.

B. They give people spiritual support.

C. They help people realize their dreams.

D. They offer a platform for business links.

.Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people．Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter （住所） as they are．Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors．This can put their pets in danger of serious illness．There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe．
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad．If you have to take them out，stay outside with them．When you're cold enough to go inside，they probably are too．If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of non-frozen water．
If left alone outside，dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelters．They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere．Watch them closely when they are left outdoors，and provide them with shelter of good quality．Keep an eye on your pet's water．Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink．Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside，which may contain something unhealthy for them．

(1) What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1？ ______

A. They are often forgotten by their owners．

B. They are used to living outdoors．

C. They build their own shelters．

D. They like to stay in warm places．

(2) Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather？ ______

A. To know when to bring them inside．

B. To keep them from eating bad food．

C. To help them find shelters．

D. To keep them company．

(3) If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather，they may ______ ．

A. run short of clean water

B. dig deep holes for fun

C. dirty the snow nearby

D. get lost in the wild

(4) What is the purpose of this text？ ______

A. To solve a problem．

B. To give practical advice．

C. To tell an interesting story．

D. To present a research result．

If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal.  Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

 In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. 

 So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

 Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

 As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

(1) The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________

A. attract the readers’ interest in the subject

B. provide some key facts about Confucius

C. show great respect for the ancient thinker

D. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

(2) We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______

A. take an active part in Chinese competitions

B. have a great interest in studying Chinese

C. try to get high scores in Chinese exams

D. fight for a chance to learn Chinese

(3) What is the best title for the passage?

A. Forgotten Wisdom in America

B. Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

C. Old Thinker with a Big Future

D. Chinese Culture for Westerners

(4) The passage is likely to appear in ___________.

A. a biography

B. a history paper

C. a philosophy textbook

D. a newspaper

C

The Beagle Brigade

   When returning to the United States from a trip abroad, passengers will have their baggage inspected at U.S. airports by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Beagle Brigade, a team of beagles and their human partners. Working with their human partners, the beagles search for agricultural products carrying diseases and pests which are likely to infect American agriculture.

   An orange or apple, for example, might harbor a Mediterranean fruit fly. Ham could carry a disease such as cholera. These and other pests could do harm to farmers’ crops. “Once we introduce something that is not part of the environment, there may not be any controls for it in the environment,” notes USDA’s Lisa Davis at the National Dog Detector Training Center in Orlando, Florida. “The best thing for us to do is to prevent it from coming across the border and spreading.”

    When a beagle smells food smells, it signals its partner by sitting there. The human partners then investigate. When the dog is right--which happens 90 percent of the time—it gets something to eat.

  “The dog is not out there working,” explains Davis. “It’s out there playing. It’s a game to the dog.” The partners give the beagles plenty of food and loving. They make sure they get first-class medical attention, too. When the dogs finally retire after 9 to 11 years, the USDA finds caring homes for them. It’s a dog’s life indeed!

   Their people partners work and study somewhat harder. As specialized quarantine(检疫) officers, most hold degrees in the biological sciences or related sciences.

   How well does the Beagle Brigade do its job? “On the average,” notes Davis, “each year our 54 teams prevent around 75,000, restricted(限制的) items.” Since even one infected item could cause widespread destruction, that’s a great result for America’s agricultural environment.

(1) The beagles at the airport in the USA are used to __________.

A. help inspect the baggage brought from abroad

B. stop the local products from being taken abroad

C. conduct the check on foreign passengers’ baggage

D. keep their people partners safe

(2) What will the beagle do when it finds a possible food product?

A. Play a game.

B. Bark and run around it.

C. Draw it to its partner.

D. Signal by sitting next to it.

(3) How does the last paragraph mainly develop?

A. By listing the restricted food.

B. By providing the facts.

C. By analyzing the result.

D. By using examples.

(4) What is the author’s attitude towards the use of beagles?

A. Curious.

B. Uninterested.

C. Positive.

D. Doubtful.

D

    Advances in health, education and disease prevention and treatments are making human life longer. But what you may not know is that some seemingly unimportant things can also influence how long and how well you’ll live. Here is the latest research on longevity signs.

    Sign 1: Your Mom Had You Young

   If she was under age 25, you’re twice as likely to live to 100 as someone born to an older mom. They think that younger moms produce healthier babies.

   Sign 2: You’re a Tea Lover

   Both green tea and black tea contain catechins(儿茶酚), something that helps blood vessels(血管) relax and protects your heart.

   Sign 3: You’d Rather Walk

 “Fit” people— defined as those who walk for about 30 minutes a day— are more likely to live longer than those who walk less. So take a walk during your lunch hour, do exercise around the field while your kid is at soccer practice— try by hook or by crook to move a little more, every day.

   Sign 4: You Have Strong Legs

   Lower-body strength translates into good balance, flexibility and power, which, as you get older, play an important part in reducing your risk of falls and injuries, leading to better health. Now you see, it is necessary to strengthen your lower-body. But the question is: how?

(1) Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Green tea contains more catechins than black tea.

B. The more you walk, the longer you live.

C. Generally, the younger the moms, the healthier the babies.

D. Low-body strength is the most important factor for longevity.

(2) The underlined phrase is closest in meaning to “       ”.

A. try any possible means

B. use some tools

C. choose carefully

D. work out new ways

(3) According to the text, your longevity is affected by things such as       .

a. lower-body strength b. disease treatments c. your mom’s age d. living habits

A. a, b, c	B. b, c, d
C. a, b, d	D. a, c, d

(4) What is the passage mainly about?

A. How advanced science helps people live longer.

B. How women give birth to healthy babies.

C. Signs that tell you your health condition.

D. The new discoveries of longevity signs.

Driving safety is said to be influenced by the songs or music drivers are listening to on the roads．Top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones，I Don’t Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John．Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳节奏)for safe driving，imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute．The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake’s Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10．

    The study，conducted at London Metropolitan University，also revealed(表明)the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously．Unsurprisingly，music that is noisy increases a  driver’s heart rate，which can be deadly．Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song． Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between Male and female drivers．Hip－hop made a female driver drive far more aggressively，speeding up faster than male driver．The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women．The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly．

    The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused．Com MotorMate app，which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology．

(1) What’s does the passage mainly talk about？

A. Music that drivers prefer to listen to on their way．

B. Songs the drivers should choose to listen to while driving．

C. Driving safety and traffic rules．

D. Female drivers and male drives’ different responses to the same music．

(2) What kind of music may the author suggest a male driver listen to？

A. Metal music．	B. Classical music．
C. Hip－hop music．	D. Light music．

(3) What does the underlined part“ the same effect”in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A. Driving irregularly．	B. Driving fastest．
C. Driving far more aggressively．	D. Speeding up faster．

(4) What may be talked about in the following paragraph？

A. Some music with optimum tempo for drivers to enjoy．

B. How was the study carried out．

C. Why fast beat music is harmful to drivers．

D. Female and male drivers’ different popular tastes of music．