选择知识点

The latest diet trend in America is also an ancient human activity.The activity is fasting （禁食），or not eating food for a set amount of time.Like other diets,intermittent （间歇的）fasting helps you lose weight by setting limits on eating.But instead of limiting what you eat,it limits when you eat.
One of the more popular approaches to intermittent fasting is called "time-restricted feeding".It is not as difficult as some of the other approaches,since the fasting period can include the time you are sleeping.The basic idea of time-restricted feeding is to limit eating to an eight-hour period.You then fast during the day's other 16 hours.
Many people make the eating period shorter or longer.Some eat just one meal a day.In other approaches,people fast several days during a week.On fasting days,some people may permit themselves around 600 calories.Whatever the approach,people are not supposed to overeat when they stop fasting.
Studies on the potential health benefits of intermittent fasting are still limited,including for its effectiveness with weight loss.For now,limited research suggests it may not be any better for weight loss than reducing calorie intake over the long term.
They point to a study of 100 people where those placed in a fasting group lost about the same amount of weight as those on diets that restricted calories.The fasting group had a dropout rate of 38 percent,compared with 29 percent for the caloric-restriction diet group.
People interested in intermittent fasting should talk to their doctor before trying it.Health experts do not recommend intermittent fasting for children,people on some medications and people with a history of eating disorders.



What counts in the new diet trend in America？ ______

A. The quality of dinner.
B. The amount of food.
C. The dinning time.
D. The type of diet.

What does the author think of "time-restricted feeding"？ ______

A. Very strict.
B. Nearly useless.
C. Rather difficult.
D. Relatively easy.

Which of the following is the author's suggestion？ ______

A. Stick to the rules.
B. Avoid eating too much.
C. Use a variety of methods to fast.
D. Research intermittent fasting further.

What do we know about intermittent fasting from the last paragraph？ ______

A. It's not fit for everyone.
B. It can cost a lot of money.
C. Health experts think highly of the method of losing weight.
D. It's supported by some medicine.

Baby giraffes inherit（经遗传获得）aspects of their mothers' patterning-which could give them a survival advantage if good camouflage（保护色）runs in the family.Just like humans have unique sets of fingerprints,every giraffe has a unique set of spots.
Derek Lee is a wildlife biologist and population ecologist at Penn State,and with the Wild Nature Institute,a research consulting group.He and his colleagues have been tracking giraffes for seven years,throughout 1，500 square miles in Tanzania.
Now,they've used image analysis software to study the spots of mothers and their babies.And they found that baby giraffes inherit at least some particular elements of their patterning from their mothers,like how circular the spots are.They also found that baby giraffes with larger spots have better chance to survive their first months,because the spots are more like the dappled（斑驳的）sunlight in the bushes where baby giraffes like to hide from hungry lions and hyenas （wild animals like dogs）.
The results-and a lot of giraffe patterns-are recorded and explained in the journal Peer J.[Lee et al.，Seeing spots：quantifying mother-offspring similarity and assessing fitness consequences of coat pattern traits in a wild population of giraffes（Giraffa camelopardalis）]
It's perhaps not surprising that a physical characteristic that protects an individual from being eaten passes the test of Darwinian natural selection-and get passed along to later generations. "The fact that these things are inheritable and they do affect survival of baby animals makes us feel like evolution is embodied exactly by these spot features." So if a mom's camouflage is good,her babies,too,might have the spots that keep them safer.



Why are baby giraffes with larger spots more likely to survive？ ______

A. Because their mothers tend to protect them more.
B. Because they keep away from lions and hyenas.
C. Because their spots match surroundings better.
D. Because they barely move around in the bushes.

What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？ ______

A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Add some background information.
C. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D. Provide evidence for the findings.

What does "embodied" underlined in the last paragraph mean？ ______

A. Promoted.
B. Prevented.
C. Questioned.
D. Represented.

What is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Animals Have Their Unique Sets of Patterning
B. Derek Lee Has Been Studying Animal Patterning
C. Mom's Genes Make Some Giraffes Hard to Spot
D. Animal Physical Characteristics Are Similar to Family's

Hi, Mom is a hit in China. Since its release in early February the movie has earned more than 5 billion yuan at the box office. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film ever released in the country, and may yet overtake Wolf Worrior 2， an action film from 2017.
Written and directed by Jia Ling,the film is adapted from her comedy routine from 2016 which explored her relationship with her mother, who died in an accident when Ms. Jia was 19. At a time when many people have been separated from their families, the themes of grief and filial piety（孝道）in Hi,Mom bring agreement.
The film's impressive box office income is also a reminder of the health of the industry in China compared with Hollywood. In the West cinemas remain closed due to lockdown or operate at limited capacity；in China,where many restrictions have been lifted,between 50% and 75% of seats are available to book. During the Spring Festival, Chinese cinemas made an estimated ＄1.5 billion in ticket sales - 71% of takings at the American box office in all of 2020.
With cinemas shut, film-sales agent stopped bringing Hollywood movies to market. That has given locally made films a chance to excel. Since 2013， domestic films have taken around 60% of total box office earnings. In 2021， that number may get closer to 100%.



What can be inferred from the first paragraph about Hi, Mom？ ______

A. It will be a success.
B. Wolf Worrior 2 will be released after it.
C. It is better than Wolf Worrior 2.
D. It may be the first-highest-grossing film in China.

Which statement is NOT true according to the text？ ______

A. The film industry in China is developing better than that in Hollywood.
B. The film is based on a real story.
C. You can't go to cinema because there are many restrictions.
D. Many people can't see their families often nowadays.

What is the author's attitude towards local films？ ______

A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Indifferent
D. Skeptical

What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. Local Movies Arise
B. China Film Industry
C. Comedy Time
D. Hi, Mom-China's Latest Hit

Once it was aired on the Chinese online video platform, the Longest Day in Chang'an, a high-quality detective thriller web series, became an audience favourite. Set in Chang'an, China's ancient imperial capital and the world's most magnificent metropolis （大都市） during the Tang Dynasty, the 48-episode series revolves around how detective-turned-prisoner Zhang Xiaojing and Li Bi, head of Chang'an's anti-terror department, teamed up to stop a terrorist attack on the eve of the Lantern Festival. The events in the drama series take place within a span of 24 hours.
Shot in the ancient Chinese city of Xi'an in Shaanxi Province,this popular TV drama has made the city a tourist hot spot. Thousands of tourists have been flooding into this city to experience the magnificence and glory of its scenic spots that have been portrayed in a fascinating manner in the TV serial. "In the first week of this month, online enquiries about flight ticket bookings to Xi'an recorded a 130-percent year-on-year peak," said Ctrip, China's largest online travel agency.
"Xi'an had been a hot tourist destination long before the TV drama became popular. The serial portrays（描绘）the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty of Xi'an. This has made the city even more popular. The media exposure makes those sites attractive choices for vacations," said a senior director at Ctrip.
It's not just Xi'an that is reaping the benefits of exposure via mass media contents. Suzhou, Chongqing and Bayanbulak Grassland have also become go-to destinations for domestic tourists as films such as Pegasus and TV dramas such as All Is Well were set or shot there. This trend of Chinese tourists flooding in places featuring in entertainment is extending to even destinations abroad. Thailand, Japan, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic and Iceland have shone as tourist destinations among Chinese travelers, especially the younger lot, thanks to films and TV dramas that were shot there, Ctrip found.
Those born in the 1980s account for 32 percent of Chinese travelers. Those born in the 1990s and 2000s make up for 27 percent and 13 percent, respectively, according to Ctrip.
"They are the main viewers of some popular shows. They pay attention to the beautiful scenery as highlighted in entertainment shows. Combined with the impact of top stars in such shows, their fans would like to go on trips to those places. Some even travel while shoots at such places are on," Ctrip introduced.



What can we know from the passage？ ______

A. People like to travel to famous cities for sightseeing.
B. Large cities tend to be the shooting places of films.
C. Xi'an is the hottest tourist spot since the shooting.
D. Tourism in Xi'an developed faster for media exposure.

Which of the following destinations is NOT popular for mass media exposure？ ______

A. Suzhou.
B. Chongqing.
C. Bayanbulak Grassland.
D. Zhangjiajie.

Who make up the majority of the travelers？ ______

A. Young people.
B. Old folks.
C. Film shooters.
D. Top stars.

Which of the following sentences can best summarize the whole article？ ______

A. China is heavily dependent on tourism promoted by films and TV dramas.
B. Tourist industry needs films and TVs to publicize it.
C. Shooting places of some popular dramas boost tourism.
D. Popular TV dramas lead to Xi'an's tourism development.

The conclusion of the Paris Agreement in 2015，in which almost every nation committed to reduce their carbon emissions（排放），was supposed to be a turning point in the fight against climate change.But many countries have already fallen behind their goals.Meanwhile emissions worldwide continue to rise.
The only way to catch up is to aggressively pursue an approach that takes advantage of every possible strategy to reduce emissions.Wind and solar energy are usually part of this effort,but it must also include investing heavily in carbon capture（碳捕捉），utilization（应用）and storage（CCUS）-a range of technologies that pull carbon dioxide from the air,and transform it into useful materials or store it underground.Although CCUS has been opposed as too expensive and unproved,recent gains have made it far more effective.Improvements such as chemical compounds could drive the cost down from ＄100 per ton of captured carbon in 2016 to ＄20 per ton by 2025，according to a 2016 article in Science.
Three primary CCUS paths lead to the reduction of carbon emissions：retrofitting（改装）existing power plants；reducing emissions in industries that cannot run on renewable energy；and directly removing carbon from the air.Cutting emissions from existing electric power stations with CCUS could be made more appealing in a future with a circular carbon economy,in which captured carbon could be resold and recycled for other uses--for instance,serving as a raw material for making concrete or plastics.
The basic idea of carbon capture has faced a lot of opposition.Skepticism has come from climate change deniers,who see it as a waste of money,and from passionate supporters of climate action,who fear that it would be used to justify continued reliance on fossil fuels.Both groups are ignoring the recent advances and the opportunity they present.By limiting investment in decarbonization,the world will miss a major avenue for reducing emissions in a variety of industries.CCUS can also create jobs and profits from what was previously only a waste material by creating a larger economy around carbon.
The transition to clean energy has become necessary.But that transition's ability to achieve deep decarbonization will become less effective without this wide range of solutions,which must include CCUS.



What can CCUS technologies do in reducing emissions？ ______

A. Closing down existing power plants.
B. Limiting investment in heavy industry.
C. Processing raw materials underground.
D. Turning carbon dioxide into useful materials.

Why is it attractive to retrofit existing power plants with CCUS？ ______

A. It can remove carbon directly from the air.
B. It can benefit the industry economically.
C. It is the most affordable way to capture carbon.
D. It helps power plants produce concrete or plastics.

What can be inferred from paragraph 4？ ______

A. Fossil fuels will be no longer used in future.
B. Investing in decarbonization is a worthwhile project.
C. Climate change deniers believe in the necessity of decarbonization.
D. Little progress has been made in the fight against carbon emissions.

What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. Capture That Carbon
B. Let Carbon Go
C. Stand Firm with Energy Protection
D. Say Goodbye to Energy Crisis

A living, bio-degradable （可生物降解的） fabric named "Biogarmentry" has been invented.Made from algae （藻） the textile （纺织品） purifies the air around it through photosynthesis （光合作用）.
Researchers claim it's the first living textile, and have fashioned the material into sheer, cloak-like garment. While prototypes （雏形） like these are still in the early stages of research and design, and far from mass production, they challenge the fashion industry to reimagine ways it can reduce its large carbon footprint through alternative fabrics.
Fashion is one of the world's most polluting industries. It's responsible for more carbon emissions than international flights and shipping combined, amounting to 10% of all greenhouse gasses emitted globally. The crops traditionally used to make clothing absorb carbon as they grow, but most natural materials are still carbon emitters. Take a single T-shirt made of cotton as an example. The estimated footprint of a cotton shirt over its lifetime is 15 kilograms （33 pounds） of carbon dioxide, with most of that emitted during the energy-intensive production and dyeing （染色） processes.
In recent years, environmental start-ups have proposed a number of alternative natural fibres, many Of which have the potential to sequester carbon but none have been shown to achieve zero emissions. As algae has the ability to trap carbon, a carbon-negative raincoat made of marine algae has been created. Algae-based materials are, currently, where electric vehicle technologies were a decade ago. The technology is now ready for prime time. When the resulting garments are commercially available, we can imagine people wearing their own organic cloak, spraying their organism as they go to work and encouraging their algae to purify the air.



What's the text mainly about？ ______

A. A textile helping purify air.
B. An industry causing pollution.
C. A way to achieve zero-emission.
D. A trend in the fashion industry.

Which of the following is the most environmentally-friendly？ ______

A. An international flight.
B. Clothing made of cotton.
C. A petrol-powered vehicle.
D. A raincoat made Of algae.

What does the underlined word "sequester" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ ______

A. Increase.
B. Create.
C. Capture.
D. Release.

Which word best describes the author's attitude to algae-based materials？ ______

A. Skeptical
B. Optimistic.
C. Conservative.
D. Objective.

The TV series, The Longest Day in Chang'an, which was shown on Chinese online platforms last summer became a hit soon. Since then, it has been shown on partnering streaming platforms and TV networks abroad. Some websites overseas also offered the program to their users paying for it - the first time a Chinese series was broadcast as paid content abroad.
"I was amazed by the overseas audience's love for this show," Cao Dun, director of The Longest Day in Chang'an, told Bejing Review. "I was worried that they wouldn't understand the complex political structure of the Tang dynasty. But in reality the show is prompting foreign audiences to research Tang dynasty's history to better understand the plot. "
The unique culture in ancient China is not a barrier but a bridge to connect with foreign audiences. In the TV series, every figure is given enough space to flesh out his or her character. Telling stories of ordinary Chinese people that resonate （引起共鸣） with the audience might be the way to communicate with the world. "The success of the TV series shows that beauty is a universal language crossing borders," he told Beijing Review.
His ambition is to distinguish Chinese dramas from the TV shows in the rest of the world. "The TV series is a step in my plan to tell Chinese stories to the world," Cao said. "After describing the impressive beauty of the Tang dynasty, I am looking for several plays that tell stories of today's China. I don't want to copy any country's production. Chinese dramas have to be built on our rich culture and Chinese people's everyday life," Cao added.



What do we know about the TV series？ ______

A. It was first put on overseas.
B. It can be appreciated for free.
C. It is about the development of the Tang dynasty.
D. It was very popular once it was shown.

What does the underlined word "prompting" in paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______

A. Requiring.
B. Reminding.
C. Encouraging.
D. Informing.

What made the TV series a success？ ______

A. Stories of ordinary people.
B. Recognition of beauty.
C. Diversity of Chinese culture.
D. Personalities of every figure.

What is Cao Dun's ambition？ ______

A. To tell Chinese stories to the world.
B. To make a successful TV series.
C. To show China's different nationalities.
D. To learn the ancient political structure.

The Department of Energy（DOE）is dealing with a tough research problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
The search began around 2010，originally pushed by the concerns about the country's reliance on imported oil. More recently,airlines have raised the question themselves. There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
Researchers at DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and plentiful raw materials：food wastes and urban used water containing human manure （粪肥）.
"Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment plants," said Derek Vardon,a senior research engineer at NREL. Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chain-like structures together. The result is a liquid fuel, Vardon explained, one that has seven times the energy of methane --- the major component of natural gas. That's needed to get a heavy airliner off the ground.
Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment plants. One of them is Jianping Yu,the main researcher of a separate NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes. His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae（海藻）in the wastewater plants and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial fertilizers（肥料）. Yu's idea is to collect and develop special algae, so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed wastewater. Growing more powerful algae, he points out, will also be a way to remove more CO₂ from the air. The outcome is that it could reduce the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants. "That's the goal. Our main motivation is future environmental requirements," Yu said.



Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？ ______

A. Their planes are heavier than before.
B. They want to rely less on imported oil.
C. Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D. They need to cut costs of electrical energy.

What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？ ______

A. It has as much energy as natural gas.
B. It's born out of organic wastes.
C. It can be changed into fatty acids.
D. It is similar to natural gas in structure.

What role do algae play in Jianping Yu's idea？ ______

A. Cleaning processed wastewater.
B. Producing green fuel.
C. Making commercial fertilizers.
D. Absorbing wastewater.

What does the text mainly tell us？ ______

A. Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
B. Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C. Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D. Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.

The World Health Organization（WHO）declared on Dec 29 that Guinea was Ebola-free,which means the Ebola outbreak has officially ended in West Africa.
"The fatal disease broke out in Guinea in December 2013， and then spread to neighboring Sierra Leone and Liberia," salon.com writer Ben Norton wrote. "A handful of Ebola cases were subsequently reported in Nigeria, Mali, the US and some European countries, yet were all contained.
The WHO declared the end of the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone in November,just after Liberia was declared Ebola - free in September. However, Liberia has had new cases since the declaration, reported the BBC.
The disease killed more than 2，500 people in Guinea, and a further 9，000 in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It is the largest Ebola epidemic（流行病）in history, according to the WHO.
Children were especially vulnerable（脆弱的）to the disease. During the outbreak, more than 22，000 kids lost one or both parents in Guinea,Liberia and Sierra Leone,according to UNICEF. In Guinea alone,6，220 children lost a parent or both, and 519 more were killed.
A salon. com article says when a few cases of Ebola were found in the US，the media went hysterical（歇斯底里的）. But since the disease was contained in the West Africa in 2014，Western governments and media outlets have devoted little attention to it.
"This reaction"， says the article, has "led critics and activists to accuse the Western media of prejudice and racism. When white people were threatened by the disease, there was more concern and interest. When they were no longer threatened, there was silence."



The Ebola outbreak has officially ended in West Africa because ______ has no Ebola.

A. Guinea
B. Sierra Leone
C. Liberia
D. Nigeria

How many kids lost one or both parents in Liberia and Sierra Leone？ ______

A. 6，220
B. 9，000
C. 22，000
D. 15，780

What's the author's attitude towards western media's reaction to Ebola in West Africa？ ______

A. Critical
B. Neutral
C. Supportive
D. Unclear

With the declaration that West Africa is Ebola-free, the WHO may call on nations to ______ .

A. fight against prejudice and racism
B. stop ignoring the survivors
C. care for the children who have lost their parents
D. look for a cure for Ebola

Climate change is threatening our future as more and more greenhouse gases like CO2 are gathering in the atmosphere and heating up the planet. To fight the problem, both scientists and economists have suggested some good solutions. It turns out that whales, animals we've hunted to near extinction, are excellent at taking away CO2.
Whales remove CO2 from the air in two ways. First, they move nutrients（营养物） from their feeding areas deep in the ocean back to the surface, where they release them in their waste. Those nutrients aid the growth of phytoplankton（浮游植物），which, like other plants, takes away CO2 from the air. Second, whales themselves collect CO2 in their bodies when they eat other animals. The total amount of the gas adds up to about 33 tons over a whale's lifetime. When whales die, they take away all that CO2 with them down to the ocean floor.
Saving the whales could also be more cost effective than planting trees. Financial experts say that one whale, taking away CO2 and tour value, would be worth about US＄2 million over its lifetime. Compare this to the high costs needed to plant and keep forests for removing CO2， and you'll see why whales might be an effective solution.
At one time, millions of whales swam the world's oceans. Unluckily,commercial whaling between the 1600s and the mid-1900s brought many whale species close to extinction.
Starting in the 1970s, careful management of whaling began. Many species are recovering,but the giant animals still face major threats. One threat is continued hunting despite international regulation. For example,in Japan,"scientific" kills are carried out-often an excuse to get whale meat,which is considered delicious food. Public outcry has pressured many countries to limit or end whaling,and experts believe a new way to make money from whales-whale watching-will also be effective. However,another is more difficult to solve-pollution. Whales are affected by pollution from chemicals, noise, and the huge amounts of plastic and garbage that end up in the oceans.
These giants of the sea are important to the future health of our planet. If whale populations increased to where they were before commercial whaling, whales could remove an estimated 1.7 billion tons of CO2 per year. It might be an impossible dream, but it's one definitely worth fighting for.



Which of the following is NOT true about how whales remove carbon from the air？ ______

A. They move nutrients from deep in the ocean to the surface.
B. Many species of whales don't release CO2.
C. Whales collect CO2 in their bodies through the food they eat.
D. When whales die, the collected CO2 remains in their bodies.

What is the financial value of a whale compared to？ ______

A. The commercial hunting of ocean animals.
B. The financial value of ocean tourism.
C. The high costs of tree planting and forest protecting.
D. The ability of phytoplankton to remove CO2 from the air.

According to the passage, what threat is the harder to solve now？ ______

A. Pollution.
B. Scientific kills.
C. Whale watching.
D. Continued hutting.

What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______

A. To analyse the benefits whales bring.
B. To explain why whales are endangered.
C. To evaluate the effect of commercial whaling.
D. To call on people to save whales so as to protect the world.