选择知识点

With the start of a new term， the students around the country change their funny and fashionable clothes for boring school uniforms． But not all schools are fashion deserts． Colorful sports shoes， school bags， Tshirts and even drink containers are breathing life into campuses．
"The uniform makes us look like a bunch of clones， especially when we are doing morning exercises on the play ground，" said Qing Pei， a Senior 2 from Shanghai Qihao High School． "But the boys wear different sports shoes and girls have different decorations in their hair． These are the areas where you can express yourself，"said Qing．
Although it might be strange for boys to talk about fashion， they do care about what they wear in school， especially shoes， according to Qing．
"Nike and Addidas basketball shoes， although they are still the musthave items for many of my friends， are becoming outofdate，" Qing added． He explained that "Since Liu Xiang ran so fast in Athens， running shoes are becoming popular in this autumn．"
"Still in fashion are the various baseball caps and Americanstyle Tshirts with random （随意的）English words printed on them，" said Qing． "The accuracy of the written message is not important． Often， the words are misspelt． Sometimes they do not even make sense，" Qing said with a smile．
In spite of sports shoes and Tshirts， styles and colors of school bags are another opportunity for students to show their tastes in fashion． Some bags are made quite eyecatching by decorating （装饰） them with small hanging dolls．
Another fashionable item is the colorful drink container， which is now popular among girls this term．
"Some teachers are surprised to see a teenager sucking a bottle like this at school and criticized it as a childish regression （退化）． But some girls just love it，" said Yang Rui， a Senior 3 from High School attached to Xi" an Jiaotong Univeristy．
Not only in China， the new term in the US also brings new fashion trends： shirts printed with Chinese words， necklaces with Hebrew or Hindi characters， and Brazilian jewelry， are all common in schools in Florida， according to Carmen Doningues， a high school student．



Which of the following is not the way girls show their personality at campuses？ ______

A. They wear different sport shoes．
B. They take stylish and colorful school bags．
C. They have different decorations in their hair．
D. They drink water from colorful drink containers．

What are becoming fashionable for schoolboys in this autumn according to this news story？ ______

A. Nike and Addidas basketball shoes．
B. Baseball caps and Americanstyle Tshirts．
C. Colorful drink containers．
D. Running shoes．

The underlined word "they" in paragraph 5 refers to ______ ．

A. Americanstyle Tshirts．
B. The English words on the Tshirts．
C. Baseball caps．
D. The students around the country．

Which conclusion of the following is WRONG？ ______

A. Students go to extremes in dressing．
B. Students also like to follow fashion trend．
C. Students nowedays like to be more individual．
D. Students don't care much whether the words printed on baseball caps or Tshirts make sense or not．

Square dance is an American pastime． It started in America， during the California Gold Rush． Having been a popular folk tradition since 1651， it grew out of different kinds of traditional dances from around the world． In those days， men and women worked in groups to build a house or harvest crops． When the work was done， they usually danced merrily and happily in a store or in a farm kitchen．
In this dance eight people work as a team， called a square， to successfully complete a set of complex （复杂的） dance figures that are delivered by a caller， who calls out the movements． Four couples stand facing the center of the square， each couple standing on one side of the square， the man on the left and the woman on the right．
Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time． Sometimes 800 or 1， 000 people may dance at the same time． Or there may be only one square of eight people．
Costumes are worn by those people when they're dancing． This makes the dance more colorful to watch． Women often wear full skirts of different colors with a pretty blouse． Men may have colored shirts and western trousers， which they wear only when squaredancing． In some country areas， everyone wears his best clothes．
Square dance still exists today， ever since President Ronald Reagan signed an Act of congress in 1982 making square dancing the National Folk Dance of America． Many schools teach square dance in Physical Education， and there are square dance in Physical Education， and there are square dance competitions． In all parts of the United States you will find some schools， clubs， or other groups that are dancing the square dance for fun．



In the early times poeple danced ______ ．

A. after they did something special
B. when they were harvesting the crops
C. after they finished their work
D. when they were playing games

What's the exact meaning of the underlined word "costumes" in Paragraph 4？ ______

A. Special clothes people wear on some occasion．
B. Clothes people wear when working．
C. Something worn on the finger．
D. Something valuable like jewels．

What's the best title of the passage？ ______

A. Square Dancing in Ancient America．
B. Square Dancing in America．
C. A Special Party-Square Dancing．
D. Square Dancing Is Popular．

Each morning Grandpa was up early sitting at the kitchen table，reading his book．His grandson wanted to be just like him and tried to copy him in every way he could．
One day the grandson asked，"Grandpa，I try to read the book just like you，but I don't understand it，and I forget what I understand as soon as I close the book．What good does reading the book do？"
The grandpa quietly turned from putting coal in the stove and replied，"Take this coal basket down to the river and bring me back a basket of water．"
The boy did as he was told，but all the water leaked out before he got back to the house．The grandpa laughed and said，"You'll have to move a little faster next time，"and sent him back to the river with the basket to try again．
This time the boy ran faster，but again the basket was empty before he returned．Out of breath，he told his grandpa that it was impossible to carry water in a basket，so he went to get a bucket instead．
The grandpa said，"I don't want a bucket of water； I want a basket of water．You're just not trying hard enough．"
The boy again dipped the basket into the river and ran hard，but when he reached his grandpa the basket was empty again．Out of breath，he said，"Grandpa，it's useless!"
"So，you think it is useless？"the grandpa said，"Look at the basket．"
The boy looked at the basket and for the first time he realized that the basket was different．It had been transformed from a dirty old coal basket and was now clean．
"Grandson，that's what happens when you read the book．You might not understand or remember everything，but when you read it，you'll be changed，inside and out．"



What puzzled the grandson most was ______ ．

A. why he forgot what he read soon
B. whether it was useful to read books
C. what kind of book he could understand
D. how he could read books like his grandpa

Why did Grandpa ask his grandson to fetch a basket of water？ ______

A. To get him to realize the use of reading books．
B. To punish him for not reading carefully．
C. To clean the dirty basket in the river．
D. To train him to run faster．

What lesson can we learn from the story？ ______

A. The old are always wiser than the young．
B. It is foolish to carry water with a basket．
C. You can't expect to remember all you read．
D. Reading books can change a person gradually．

What can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. Grandpa and grandson
B. Carrying water in a basket
C. Baskets and books
D. Reading for total changing

The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious effort． The best way to build a good vocabulary， therefore， is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks． There are relatively few words that we learn permanently by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists． However， even those extra few are of value， and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary． Here are some suggestions of how to do it．
Read plenty of good books． When you come across a new word， or a new meaning of an old word， stop and see if you can understand it from its context． If you can't， and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much， look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times． If you are really conscientious（认真的）， write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list - preferably using it in a sentence， or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook． Go over the list from time to time． Further， try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days．
Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know． Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read．
Learn and be alert to the parts of words： prefixes， suffixes and roots． Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words．
If you are studying a foreign language， be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English． English has inherited（继承） or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin， Greek， French， Spanish and German．



When you meet a new word in reading， what should you do？ ______

A. Guess its meaning．
B. All of the above．
C. Look it up in a dictionary．
D. Ask somebody．

According to this passage， the best way to build a good vocabulary is ______ ．

A. to remember a lot
B. to read a great deal
C. to take part in a lot of good talks
D. both B and C

The phrase "be alert to" in the third paragraph may best be replaced by " ______ "．

A. pay attention to
B. look at
C. write down
D. learn by heart

In the fourth paragraph， the word "them" refers to ______ ．

A. suffixes
B. prefixes
C. the parts of words
D. roots

On January 27th， 2014， when Frank Almond， the concertmaster at Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra， was nearing his car after a performance， he was shot down by a young guy． While Almond lay on the ground， that guy made away with．his violin． Luckily， the violin was recovered ten days later by the Milwaukee police．
Almond's violin， which dates back to 1715， was actually made by Antonio Stradivari - an Italian violin maker who lived in the 17th century and made nearly 1，000 violins in his lifetime． Around 650 of them still exist today and can fetch anywhere up to ﹩5 million． This particular violin had many illustrious owners from Italian composer Giuseppe Tartini to Polish violinist Karol Lipinski who played it until 1861． Violins made by Antonio Stradivari are known for their richness and purity （纯净） of sound that are unmatched today．
The present-day violin owes （将……归功于） its design to Andrea Amati （1505-1577）， who is widely recognized as the inventor and the earliest recorded violin maker． Cremona， a city of northern Italy， was the birthplace and seat of violin-making for nearly three centuries． While Amati's sons took over the business， it was his grandson Nicoló Amati who perfected the instrument．
Antonio Stradivari's early designs showed his training in the Amati workshops． During 1700-1725， known as his golden period， Stradivari improved on the soundbox design， and introduced an unusual deep red varnish （清漆）， black edging， broad edges and wide corners． Until his very end， he watched over the final touches on every violin while his sons did the hard work of carving． Besides violins， there are a few cellos， violas and guitars to his credit．
Another famous violin maker of Cremona was Giuseppe Guarneri whose grandfather was also a student worker in Nicoló Amati's workshops． Guarneri's creations are supposed to be even better both visually and in sound quality． Only a hundred survive today．



After the performance， Frank Almond ______ ．

A. made a phone call to his son
B. was introduced to a young man
C. couldn't find his car any more
D. was attacked and lost his violin

What can we learn about Frank Almond's violin？ ______

A. It has a history of about 300 years．
B. It was made by Giuseppe Guarneri．
C. It was a birthday gift from his father．
D. It is in poor condition but sounds good．

According to the text， Andrea Amati ______ ．

A. felt very disappointed in his grandson
B. made nearly 1，000 violins in his lifetime
C. was born in Cremona in the 17th century
D. was a pioneer in the field of violin-making

The last two paragraphs are mainly about ______ ．

A. improvements on violins
B. the Amati workshops
C. ways to make a violin
D. the history of violins

In recent years， much of the sea ice that polar bears use as a hunting platform for seal meals has melted， forcing some bears - particularly young males - farther north or onto land， where they are not as skilled at hunting． When stuck on land for months， a polar bear typically is forced to survive on its own fat reserves．
The bears were listed earlier this year as a threatened species under the U．S． Endangered Species Act as populations have declined． Meanwhile， snow geese are booming near the western Hudson Bay， and there are in fact too many of them． Their eggs can be a good food source． The geese nest on tundra （冻原；苔原） that some bears have retreated to．
"Over 40 years， six subadult （接近成年的） male bears were seen among snow goose nests， and four of them were sighted after the year 2000，" says Robert Rockwell． "I've seen a subadult male eat goose eggs whole or press its nose against the shell， break it， and eat the contents．"
Ice is melting， on average， 0.72 days earlier each year in the region studied． Snow geese are hatching eggs about 0.16 days sooner each year， according to Rockwell and his graduate student Linda Gormezano． Current trends indicate that the arrival of polar bears will correspond to the average hatching period in 3.6 years， and egg consumption could become a viable option， which the researcher concluded in a statement released today．
A polar bear， the largest land carnivore （食肉动物）， would need to consume the eggs of 43 nests to replace the energy gained from the average day of hunting seals， but Rockwell and his colleagues figure that while many polar bears may starve in coming years， the resourceful animals just might survive disappearance．
Polar bears survived a warm period about 125，000 years ago， when sea level was 12 to 18 feet higher than it is now and trees lived above the Arctic Circle， the scientists point out． "They've been through the warm period before，" Rockwell said．
The polar bears" potential movement to a diet of more eggs brought to mind a quote by Ilkoo Angutikjuak， an Inuit who lives in the Canadian province of Nunavut， in the February 2008 issue of Natural History magazine， Rockwell said． Angutikjuak said： "The animals will adapt． I've heard that because they depend on sea ice， polar bears will disappear， but I don't believe it． They are very adaptable． As the sea ice changes， polar bears might get skinnier and some might die， but I don't think they will disappear．"



What can we infer about the polar bears from the passage？ ______

A. They have a strong ability to survive．
B. They tend to withdraw from the tundra．
C. Their hunting skills have declined sharply．
D. Their main food source is goose eggs now．

What does the underlined word "viable" in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______

A. Challenging．
B. Practical．
C. Destructive．
D. Outdated．

Which of the following statements does Rockwell agree with？ ______

A. Goose eggs are adequate for polar bears．
B. Polar bears" food variety is relatively limited．
C. Polar bears might adapt to the global warming．
D. Many polar bears will starve to death in future．

Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window． These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet - as far as most light can reach． Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch． Sonke Johnsen， a scientist in biology， says， "These animals live through their life alone． They never touch anything unless they're eating it， or unless something is eating them．"
And they are as clear as glass． How does an animal become seethrough？ It's trickier than you might think．
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light． Light typically travels in a straight line． But some materials slow and scatter （散射） light， bouncing it away from its original path． Others absorb light， stopping it dead in its tracks． Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it， so you can see it easily．
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light， at least not very much． Light can pass through it without bending or stopping． That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water． You don't see it - you see the things behind it．
To become transparent， an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light． Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments （色素） that absorb specific colors of light． But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments， so its tissues won't absorb light． According to Johnsen， avoiding absorption is actually easy． The real challenge is preventing light from scattering．
Animals are built of many different materials - skin， fat， and more - and light moves through each at a different speed． Every time light moves into a material with a new speed， it bends and scatters． Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering． Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat． Without much tissue to scatter light， it is easier to be seethrough． Others build a large， clear mass of nonliving jellylie （果冻状的） material and spread themselves over it．
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge， because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does． They need to look uniform． But how they're doing it is still unknown． One thing is clear for these larger animals， staying transparent is an active process． When they die， they turn a nontransparent milky white．



According to Paragraph 1， transparent animals ______ ．

A. stay in groups
B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean
D. are beautiful creatures

The underlined word "dead" in Paragraph 3 means " ______ "．

A. silently
B. gradually
C. regularly
D. completely

One way for an animal to become transparent is to ______ ．

A. change the direction of light travel
B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light
D. grow bigger to stop light

The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals ______ ．

A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay seethrough even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading

This is a time of year when high school students and their families are thinking hard about college． As seniors， juniors， and parents identify their top choices， discussions typically focus on the college itself． Is the institution small or large？ How strong are the academics？ What is the social life like？ Do I like the campus？ Such considerations are important， but they can cover the allimportant question： Where will these college years lead？
Applicants should think seriously about which college on their list can best prepare them for the real world． They should look for campuses that offer wellstructured programs to help them form a direction for their lives and develop the capacity to take steps along that path．
One of the most striking recent phenomena about college graduates in America has been the "boomerang" student： the young person who goes away to college， has a great experience， graduates， and then moves back home for a year or two to figure out what to do with his or her life． This pattern has left many graduates - and their families - wondering whether it makes sense to spend four or more years at college， often at great expense， and finish with no clear sense of who they are or what they want to do next．
The trend points to one of the great shortcomings of many of our nation's leading colleges and universities． Structured opportunities to think about life after graduation are rare． The formal curriculum focuses almost universally on the academic disciplines of the arts and sciences． Advising on how various majors connect to pathways into the workplace is typically haphazard （没有条理的）． Career planning offices are often shorthanded and marginal （不重要的） to college life．
It doesn't need to be this way， and in recent years some of the country's top colleges have enriched their academic offerings with opportunities for students to gain realworld experiences．



According to the author， what do typical discussions on college choices ignore？ ______

A. The function of college education in employment．
B. The difficulty in finding jobs after graduation．
C. High school students" interests．
D. The academics of college．

Which accounts for the "trend" mentioned in the text？ ______

A. Students failing to behave themselves．
B. Parents overprotecting their children．
C. Students choosing majors blindly．
D. Schools lacking proper guidance．

What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph？ ______

A. Recipes for academic achievements．
B. Good academic programs in college．
C. Academic tips for college students．
D. Disadvantages of present college courses．

What's the best title for the text？ ______

A. A good way to choose a college
B. A new trend in top colleges
C. Connect subjects with life beyond college
D. Make college one of life's richest experiences

My 11-year-old daughter has been awarded an academic scholarship to a private school． It's only a modest discount， but the scholarship means she'll bypass the snaking waiting list-provided my husband and I can fund the ﹩20，000 a year． Should we pay the private school fees， or choose free education instead？
I always assumed my children would go to private school， like I did． Not because my family is wealthy， but because I believe that the best education is private． It took years for me to make peace with the fact that my two children attended our local public primary school． They'll go to a private high school， I told myself． Yet here we are， My eldest is now in her last year of primary school， and my husband and I will struggle to afford private school． If so， I could increase my work hours． My law degree was supposed to be my ticket to a good job and a solid income， but that's not quite how it turned out．
During many sleepless nights， I felt troubled by the decision． Although I want the best for my daughter， I have my own dreams too． I can't sacrifice everything for my precious girl． I explain that I want to be a positive role model for my daughter， and an unhappy parent is terrible strain on a family． I point out that not even the privilege of private school will protect my children from disappointment or struggle． And finally， it's decided． My daughter is going to the public school behind our home． She couldn't be more pleased．
It's taken me a little longer， but now I'm content． More than my fancy private school education， it's my family that shaped me． With high school now 25 years in the past， I can no longer remember the mathematical problems and Shakespearean quotes I once knew so perfectly． The lessons from my childhood home． however， have proved impossible to forget．



From the passage we know that ______ ．

A. the scholarship her daughter won could cover most of her school fees
B. her two children attended their local private primary school
C. the writer had a good job and a sold income
D. it took a long time for her to make the final decision

Why did the writer want her daughter to go to a private school at first？ ______

A. Because her daughter earned an academic scholarship．
B. Because she wanted her daughter to receive the best education．
C. Because she wanted her daughter to skip the waiting list．
D. Because her daughter's potential was wasted at the public primary school．

The underlined word "strain" in Paragraph 3 refers to ______ ．

A. anger
B. comfort
C. burden
D. relief

What does the passage indicate？ ______

A. Parents should make every sacrifice for their children．
B. Finance should be taken into account when it comes to education．
C. Private school education is not as good as public school education．
D. Rather than school education， family influences a person most．

Most damagingly， anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour． The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger．
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way； what angers one person may amuse another． The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces． In contemporary culture， physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated． We no longer regard duels （决斗） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another．
Anger can be identified in the brain， where the electrical activity changes． Under most conditions EEG （脑电图） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部） areas． Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向） that most of us possess most of the time． But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and， as a result of this， we're likely to react． And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions， whether positive or negative．
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour： we move closer to people we like． Most negative emotions， in contrast， are associated with avoidance behaviour： we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious． But anger is an exception to this pattern． The angrier we are， the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger． This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger： the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger． This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称） of EEG activity． Interestingly， this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response． In defensive anger， in contrast， the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation．



The "duels" example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ______ ．

A. usually has a biological basis
B. varies among people
C. is socially and culturally shaped
D. influences one's thinking and evaluation

What changes can be found in an angry brain？ ______ ．

A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted．
B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas．
C. Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour．
D. Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition．

Which of the following is typical of offensive anger？ ______

A. Approaching the source of anger．
B. Trying to control what is disliked．
C. Moving away from what is disliked．
D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger．

What is the key message of the last paragraph？ ______

A. How anger differs from other emotions．
B. How anger relates to other emotions．
C. Behavioural responses to anger．
D. Behavioural patterns of anger．