选择知识点

The arts, especially music, should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level. Students will be much smarter if they have some musical experience.They could improve their classroom skills,like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to tryout their own ideas.
  Music not only makes children better students,but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program,children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang（一群可能肇事的年轻人）．Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get lobe part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.
  Music build self-confidence,too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression,and that helps develop their self-confidence.
  In a word,music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.



What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean？ ______

A. Unwilling to turn on.
B. Always depending on.
C. Unwiling to leave.
D. Always playing.

What does the third paragraph mainly tell us about music？ ______

A. Music can give children self-expression.
B. Music can bring children achievement and success.
C. Music can give children something to be proud of.
D. Music can develop children's self-confidence.

What's the best title of this passage？ ______

A. Music is a must as a course at school
B. Music builds children's self-confidence
C. Music makes students much smarter
D. Learning music and making music are both important

In 2015，two inventors, Simon Jorritsma and Anne Koudstaal,had an unusual idea-what if you recycled plastic and turned it into a road？ Now the world's first plastic bike path has been created to test their idea.
  The Netherlands is famous for being bike-friendly,and the city of Zwolle has just gone a little bit further. On September 11， 2018， the city opened a 100-foot bike path made of recycled plastic.The path is not 100% recycled plastic,but the group that created it, Plastic Road, hopes future paths and roads will be.
  Most roads in the world today are made with asphalt（沥青） - black mixture that creates a lot of pollution.Asphalt is heavy to move and must be heated when people are making a road. Using asphalt to make roads takes a lot of energy.
  Plastic Road says their way of making roads is better in many ways than asphalt roads.
  Plastic Road creates their road in pieces in a factory, which are light and easy to move around.To make the road, a special truck simply drives along and lays down the pieces. This makes it much faster to make than an asphalt road.
  Plastic Road thinks their road will last three times as long as an asphalt road. And if part of it breaks, it is easy to takeout the broken part and replace it. The broken part can then be recycled once more and turned into a new piece again.
  The plastic road is hollow below the surface,allowing rainwater to flow away. The hollow area also makes it easy to run pipes under the road.
  Many people think this is a creative way to recycle plastic, but some are worried. One of the biggest concerns is what will happen to the bits of plastic that break off as the path is being used. Besides,the world is facing a major problem with micro plastics. However,some people think plastic roads will create more.



What can we know about the world's first plastic bike path？ ______

A. It was invented by Simon and Anne in 2015．
B. It was opened in a city of the Netherlands.
C. It was entirely made with waste plastic.
D. It was made only 100 meters in length.

Which of the following is the disadvantage of the asphalt road according to the passage？ ______

A. It causes much pollution due to its black material.
B. It may take much money and time to make it.
C. It leads to many traffic accidents.
D. It easily becomes soft in the strong sunlight.

According to Plastic Road, why is a plastic road better than an asphalt one？ ______

A. Because the traffic can move much faster on a plastic road.
B. Because it can be made indoors rather than in the open air.
C. Because it lasts twice longer than an asphalt road.
D. Because it can save time and strength to make it.

Staying positive through the cold season could be the best defence（防御物） against getting sick, a new American study suggests.
  In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style" can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.
  "People with a positive emotional style may have different reactions to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen."And when they do get a cold, they may experience their illness less severely."
  Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible （易受影响的）to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional quality itself had the effect.
  For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personal qualities, physical health and "emotional styles "．Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy had a negative style. Afterwards, the researchers gave them something containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus that causes flu-like symptoms（症状）．Over the next six days the volunteers reported on any aches, pains,sneezes they had. Cohen and his colleagues found that happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
  What's more, when happy folks did develop a cold, their symptoms were less severe than expected.People with negative characters were not at increased risk of developing a cold based on objective measures,though they did tend to get them down about their symptoms.
  "We find that it's really positive emotions that have the big effect"，Cohen said, "not the negative ones."
  So can a bad-tempered person fight a cold by deciding to be happy？



What does the underlined phrase "ward off" in Paragraph 2 mean？ ______

A. Get close to.
B. Keep away from.
C. Get used to.
D. Go on with.

What was the purpose of Cohen's new study？ ______

A. To find effective ways to fight illnesses.
B. To test people's different immune responses to cold viruses.
C. To tell differences between happy people and unhappy people.
D. To examine whether health was related to emotional styles.

How did Cohen reach his conclusion？ ______

A. By comparing the experimental results of different groups.
B. By asking the volunteers to complete a form.
C. By collecting data among people with a cold.
D. By recording flu's symptoms.

What did Cohen's new study show？ ______

A. An emotional style is difficult to change.
B. Happy people are immune to cold viruses.
C. People's attitudes towards illnesses are different.
D. Happiness itself helps protect people from colds.

Parents and teens have long been warned that not getting enough sleep can be unhealthy. However,with the demands of schoolwork, activities and family responsibilities teens often don't spend enough time on sleep. According to one study, only 15% of teens are getting 8-10 hours of sleep a night they need to function best.
  High school English teacher and writer Emily Genser says, "My kids are always asking for naptime! Their lives at home are very stressful.I would be more likely to push for later start times for high school students. They would benefit from another hour of sleep." Not enough sleep is not only bad for teens' health, but it can also wreak havoc with their academic （学业的） and athletic performance. It is found that not enough sleep can be linked with drinking, smoking and drug use.
  Some high schools are trying a different way. They are allowing tired students to take an a pin school during the school day in specially designed EnergyPods or just allowing them to spend time in a "quiet room" where technology and conversation are banned. Schools say that a little rest during a tight school day helps students face mounting pressure to get into college.
  Because students who sleep better do better and not all of our schools offer naptime, here are some suggestions to help our teens get the sleep they need：
  ▲Just like in earlier childhood, parents should create a calm atmosphere in the house at bedtime.
  ▲Encourage a relaxing, regular routine（常规） before bedtime which gives the man opportunity to relax.
  ▲Persuade them to avoid caffeine after 4pm.
  ▲If they do nap, tell them to keep daytime naps less than an hour.
  ▲Teach them that alcohol and nicotine not only damage their health, but affect their sleep.
  ▲Show them how regular exercise and a healthy diet promote（促进） good sleep.



What does Paragraph 1 mainly want to show？ ______

A. Today's teens are under too much pressure.
B. Not getting enough sleep harms teens' health.
C. Today's teens generally don't get enough sleep.
D. Teenage students should be helped to function best.

What does the underlined part "wreak havoc with" in Paragraph 2 mean？ ______

A. Do great harm to.
B. Get along with.
C. Take the place of.
D. Make a contribution to.

Why are Energy Pods created for students at some schools？ ______

A. To reduce students' pressure.
B. To help students get refreshed.
C. To prevent students from talking.
D. To reduce the usage of technology.

What should parents do according to the last part of the text？ ______

A. Create a calm atmosphere the whole day.
B. Prevent their children from drinking coffee all the time.
C. Encourage exercise and healthy eating at home.
D. Make sure their teen snap for at least an hour daily.

In the early times, the music industry was terrified of taping（用磁带录音）， thinking that customers would just copy music, or record from the radio. But that never really happened, at least not enough to cause any real hardship to anyone in the music business.
  The same argument arose over technologies like MiniDiscs and recordable CDs.But the thing that terrified the music industry more than anything else was the arrival of services like Napster, which allowed people to share music over the Internet without costing them anything. The music industry was shocked； it saw people exchanging（交换） digital copies that didn't degrade（削弱）the quality with each transfer,something that stopped tapes being a huge threat.
  But it isn't the Internet that kills the music industry.In fact, everything is still looking optimistic for many musicians. Taylor Swift has had a good year,and her latest album is likely to make her very wealthy indeed. There is always going to be public demand for music.
  However, the technology will simply destroy the record company. The reason is simple. Record companies area man in the middle that simply doesn't need to exist anymore. The same way we buy our flights direct, and do our shopping online and have things delivered from the Internet instead of going to a local shop. We have always been willing to enjoy cost reductions at the expense of the middleman, and the record companies are that kind of middleman.
  What does the record industry offer？ Well,surprisingly little these days. It used to be the case that record companies would go and find new talents. Of course this still happens, but it's more likely that an artist will be discovered by the public through We Chat, or even from friends on other social media. Record companies also used to have an important role in producing the music. But countless artists are making their own way through software or any of the other amazing music apps, without any help from the record companies.



What does Napster in the second paragraph probably refer to？ ______

A. A MiniDisc.
B. A CD player.
C. A piece of software.
D. A tape recorder.

Why didn't tape copying become a huge threat to the music industry？ ______

A. It was hard to transfer music.
B. It was strictly controlled.
C. It didn't save much money.
D. It couldn't maintain the quality of music.

The example of Taylor Swift is used to prove that ______ ．

A. the Internet won't destroy the music industry
B. the musicians will benefit a lot from the Internet
C. the sales of albums are badly affected by the Internet
D. the demand for music will change due to the Internet

According to the passage, what will happen to the record companies？ ______

A. They will sell latest albums online.
B. They will be useless in the Internet society.
C. They will cut the expense on producing the music.
D. They will go and find new music talents through the Internet.

Are you getting enough protein（蛋白质）？ The question provides its own answer： If you are worrying about the amount of protein in your diet, then you are almost certainly eating more than enough.
  You merely need to visit a western supermarket today to see that many people regard protein as some kind of excellent medicine-one food companies are profitably adding to anything they can. "When the Box says 'Protein'， Shoppers say 'I'll take it'" was the headline of a 2013 article in The Wall Street Journal.
  The intensity of our protein obsession can only be understood as part of a wider series of diet battles that go back half a century. If we now thirst for protein as if it were water, it may be because the other two macronutrients-fats and carbohydrates-have each in turn been made to seem poisonous（有毒的） in the public mind.
  In the current nutrition wars, protein has emerged as the last macronutrient left standing. David L．Katz, an American doctor and public health scholar who is the director of the Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center said, "First they told us to cut fat. But instead of whole grains and lentils, we ate low-fat junk food." Then food marketers heard the message about cutting carbohydrates and sold us protein-enriched junk foods instead.
  For decades now, there has been a tendency to think about what we eat and drink in terms of nutrients,rather than read whole ingredients in all their complexity. A combination of diet fads and clever marketing has got us here. It doesn't matter whether we fixate on "low fat" or "low carbohydrates" or "high protein" -we are making the same old mistakes about nutrition in a new form.



How does the author begin the article？ ______

A. By raising a question.
B. By giving an assumption.
C. By describing a phenomenon.
D. By illustrating a typical case.

How many kinds of macronutrients does food provide us with according to paragraph 3？ ______

A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.

What is the author's attitude towards protein according to the text？ ______

A. Cold.
B. Crazy.
C. Sensible.
D. Critical.

Human demands for natural resources have doubled in less than 50 years and are now beyond what the earth can provide, a report warned. If humans carry on like this, we will need two earths by 2030． The population of wildlife has fallen by 60% in thirty years.
  The report said British people are consuming（消耗） far more than the earth can deal with. If everyone lived such a lifestyle, humans would need 2.75 planets to survive. People are now living lifestyles which would require 1.5 planets, though there are great differences between rich and poor nations.
  Researchers studied the global change in land use and water consumption. The UK comes 31st in a list of countries based on "ecological footprint （生态足迹）" that measures how much land and sea each person needs to produce the resources they consume and to absorb（吸收） the wastes. The UK has fallen down from 15th place in the last report two years ago to 31st place, but the WWF believes it is an increase in other countries' efforts rather than a reduction in the UK's use of resources.
  Ireland has the 10th highest ecological footprint, while the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Denmark,Belgium and the US are the five worst countries for over-consumption of resources. The study suggests if the expected global population of 9.2 billion in 2050 were to eat a Malaysian diet, 1.3 planets would be needed but if everyone were to eat an Italian diet, humans would need almost two planets. Those countries that can provide the highest quality of life using the lowest amount of resources will not only serve the global interest, but will be the leaders in a resource-limited world.



We will probably need ______ earths if we follow the British lifestyle.

A. 1.3
B. 2.75
C. 2
D. 1.5

What do we know about "ecological footprint "？ ______

A. It has something to do with human demands for resources and their wastes.
B. It is used to produce the resources and absorb the wastes.
C. We can know the total amount of resources on the earth through it.
D. It is about changes in land use and water consumption across the globe.

The WWF believes that ______ ．

A. the earth won't be able to meet human needs after 50 years.
B. the UK has possibly not reduced the use of resources over the past two years.
C. Ireland has a lower ecological footprint than the UK．
D. there are no big differences in lifestyle between rich and poor nations.

It can be learned from the text that Malaysia ______

A. has a larger population than Italy.
B. consumes fewer resources than Italy.
C. would need almost two planets.
D. has the highest quality of life.