选择知识点

Scope： Recently your school board proposed moving the school start time from 7：50 a．m． to 7：20 a．m． What was your reaction to this？
Jilly Dos Santos： I was getting only four to six hours of sleep a night and I was late for school a lot． With the new start time， I'd have to wake up even earlier． After we heard about the proposal， a teachers said to my class， "If you don't like it， why don't you do something about it？"
Scope： What did you do？
Jilly： I organized a group of students to speak to the school board．
Scope： What did you do to prepare for the meeting？
Jilly： I wanted to focus our presentation on why having an earlier start time was unhealthy． There is scientific research about teens and sleep． I learned that during your teen years， because of a change in hormones（激素）， your body begins to change． You start to want to go to bed later． School starts the same time it always has， so getting enough sleep becomes difficult． I realized there wasn't something wrong with my time management or me； the way I was feeling had a physical and biological basis．
Scope： How did it go？
Jilly： About 30students came to support me， and the board liked that I didn't get emotional and just provided the evidence． Two months later， an 8：55 a．m． start time became official． The board decided to make the start time later instead of earlier．
Scope： What has changed since the later start time？
Jilly： I don't need to stay up an extra hour or two at night， because I can get work done in the morning． I've also been late a lot less． And this year， there are more morning clubs and more people going to them．



What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. Talking With the School Board？ Cheer Up!
B. An Interview on a Proposal
C. A Dialogue between Scope and Jilly
D. Moving the Start Time Earlier？ Say No!

Jilly's teacher seemed to encourage the students ______

A. to talk with the school board
B. to get their work done in time
C. to voice their opinions bravely
D. to take action to support the proposal

What does the underlined word "it" refer to？ ______

A. Jilly body clock
B. The scientific research
C. The meeting Jilly organized
D. Jilly's secret for time management

How did Jilly succeed in persuading the school board？ ______

A. By showing scientific evidence
B. By putting forward a new proposal
C. By telling different students" stories
D. By presenting her personal experience

Michelle Yeoh also known as Yeoh Choo Kheng was born in Ipoh，Malaysia．At a very young age she dreamt of being a ballerina．Unluckily，when she was 16，she suffered a serious back injury and her professional dancing career was broken down．
Michelle would have given up her dreams and become a lawyer instead．Against her doctor's advice，she continued going for her dream．She believed that if she can't dance，there must be something else she can do．In 1983，at the age of 21，she won the Miss Malaysia beauty contest．Thin won the attention of Jackie Chan and the Hong Kong movie industry．In 1988after her 5th movie，she married to retire from the silver screen．Her marriage was somehow filled with tears and loneliness．It ended in 1992 in the end．
So again，another of her life dreams was blown away． But Michelle did not think over spilled milk． Although she had been away from the movie industry for over 4years，she had an attractive comeback．She costarred with Jackie Chan in Police Story 3：Supercop．It was the top popular film in Asia for the year．Michelle Yeoh became the most popular and highest paid actress in Asia with a huge number of fans following throughout the world．



What contributed most to Michelle's high pay in Asia？ ______

A. Her winning the Miss Malaysia beauty contest
B. Her performance in Police Story 3：Supercop
C. Her wonderful dance on the silver screen
D. Michelle became the most popular actress in Asia

Which is the right time order of the following statements according to the passage？ ______
①Jackie Chan became interested in Michelle
②Something terrible was wrong with Michelle's back
③Michelle said goodbye to her husband
④Michelle became the most popular actress in Asia

A. ①③②④
B. ①②③④
C. ②③①④
D. ②①③④

What does the underlined sentence mean？ ______

A. She wasn't interested in milk products．
B. She was quite poor at doing housework．
C. She recovered from the sorrow soon．
D. She decided to take up something new．

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you， just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish． According to the ancient Greeks， there are three basic tools of persuasion： ethos， pathos and logos．
Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy， honest and reliable． One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field． After all， you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman．
Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions． For example， a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war． These words are intended to fill the audience with fear， thus making them want to vote for him． Similarly， an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewer feel pity， so they will be more likely to donate money．
Logos is the use of facts， statistics or other evidence to support your argument． An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims． Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying "believe me "．
Although ethos， pathos and logos all have their strengths， they are often most effective when used together． So， the next time you listen to a speech， watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money， be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion．



What do persuasion and art have in common？ ______

A. They both entertain the audience．
B. They both require great skill to achieve．
C. They both demand full attention from the audience．
D. They were both common topics of ancient Greek Writers．

How is a speaker able to show his ethos to the audience？ ______

A. By expressing his sympathy with the audience．
B. By telling the audience about his personal preference．
C. By using beautiful language to make his statements attractive．
D. By showing his knowledge and experience related to the topic．

What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion？ ______

A. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion．
B. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience．
C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable．
D. Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience．

An advertisement for washing powder which claims that "scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria" is mainly using ______ ．

A. ethos
B. pathos
C. logos
D. a combination of all three

Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you． According to the ancient Greeks， there are three basic tools of persuasion： ethos： pathos， and logos．
Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy， honest and reliable． One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field． After all， you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman． A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that he is a good person． If an audience cannot trust you， you will not be able to persuade them．
Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions． For example， a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war． These words are intended to fill the audience with fear， thus making them support him． Similarly， an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats， to make the viewers feel pity． If the audience feels bad for the animals， they will be more likely to donate money．
Logos is the use of truths， statistics， or other evidence to support your argument． An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims， for example， in an ad for washing powder． Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying " Believe me"．
Although ethos， pathos， and logos all have their strengths， they are often most effective when used together． Indeed， most speakers use a combination of ethos， pathos， and logos to persuade their audiences． So， the next time you listen to a speech， watch a commercial， or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money， be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion．



How is a speaker able to show his ethos to the audience？ ______

A. By expressing his sympathy with the audience．
B. By telling the audience about his personal preference．
C. By using beautiful language to make his statements attractive．
D. By showing his knowledge and experience relating to the topic．

Why is logos used for a commercial？ ______

A. To get the audience's sympathy．
B. To prove the speaker knowledgeable．
C. To convince the audience with facts．
D. To make the viewers your potential voters．

What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph？ ______

A. Don't use tools of persuasion．
B. Never lend money to friends．
C. Be careful of skillful persuaders．
D. Look out for the ancient Greeks．

What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion？ ______

A. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience．
B. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion．
C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable．
D. Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience．

When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance，the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list．Music is nice，people seem to say，but not important．Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment，but certainly not an education priority （优先）．This view is shortsighted．In fact，music education is beneficial and important for all students．
Music tells us who we are．Because music is an expression of the beings who create it，it reflects their thinking and values，as well as the social environment it came from．Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song．The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions．Music expresses our character and values．It gives us identity as a society．
Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way．Science can explain how the sun rises and sets．The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon．We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason： No one way can get it all．
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols．They are ways we human beings "talk" to each other．They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears，our curiosities，our hungers，our discoveries，and our hopes．The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others．When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music，we take away from them the meanings that music expresses．Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human．The arts do．Music is an important way we express human suffering，celebration，the meaning and value of peace and love．
So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize．



According to Paragraph 1，students ______ ．

A. disagree with their parents on education
B. regard music as a way of entertainment
C. view music as an overlooked subject
D. prefer the arts to science

According to the passage，the arts and science ______ ．

A. explore different phenomena of the world
B. approach the world from different angles
C. express people's feelings in different ways
D. explain what it means to be human differently

In Paragraph 2，the author uses jazz as an example to ______ ．

A. show music reflects a society
B. compare it with rock music
C. introduce American musical traditions
D. prove music influences people's lifestyles

What is the main idea of the text？ ______

A. Music is an effective communication tool．
B. Music education makes students more imaginative．
C. Music education deserves more attention．
D. Music should be of top education priority．

Every year， hundreds of millions of Monarch Butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） from Canada and the United States journey as far as 2， 500 miles to the forests of Michoacan， Mexico， a place which has the world's largest insect migration（迁移）． It's such a breathtaking sight， but as always， human greed is threatening to destroy it．
The Monarch Butterflies start to arrive in Michoacan in late October to make their winter home in the trees high up in the mountains of the natural reserve． Once there， they gather together in large masses． These masses often become so heavy that they cause tree branches to bend or even break． But there's a purpose of all these massing - it allows the butterflies to survive in the low nighttime temperatures at these high altitudes．
The Michoacan Monarch Butterfly Sanctuary is most impressive during the months of February and March， just before the winged insects begin their long journey home．
Mexico's Butterfly Forest is a shelter protected by law， and one of the country's most popular sights， but that hasn't stopped people from slowly but steadily destroying it．
Illegal woodcutting in the heart of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve has been a longstanding problem， but criminals are rarely brought to justice． They are often set free after paying some money．
Just last month， an even greater threat rose in Michoacan's butterfly home． The country's largest mining corporation gained the right to reopen an old mine in the heart of the monarch reserve． Experts believe that if the mine is reopened， it will likely spell the end of this magical place．
And as if all this wasn't bad enough， the increasing use of herbicides（除草剂） in the American corn belt has led to the decrease of a plant which is essential to the monarchs" development from egg into butterfly．



When do the Monarch Butterflies fly back to Canada？ ______

A. In January． B. In March． C. In October． D. In December．

What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to？ ______

A. The weather． B. The reserve． C. The massing． D. The forest．

What can we know about the protection of Monarch Butterflies in Mexico？ ______

A. It is very satisfying．
B. It should be strengthened．
C. It cost the government a lot．
D. It has saved many butterflies．

What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？ ______

A. Monarch Butterflies have a worrying future．
B. America has many mines waiting for exploration．
C. Monarch Butterflies live in the centre of an old mine．
D. The use of herbicides will let Monarch Butterflies lay fewer eggs．

Far away， huge and shaped over thousands of years by the seas and glaciers， Norway's breathtaking natural scenery leaves many visitors in awe（敬畏）．
Adding to its appeal is the fact that the country has once again been selected as the best place in the world to live for health and social prosperity （繁荣）． This has been true for 12 years in a row according to the United Nations" 2016 Human Development Index， released on Dec 14．
"Its outdoor lifestyle， which makes the most of the mountains and fjords （峡湾）， undoubtedly plays a key role in the country's health，" said the Independent newspaper．
In the summer， Norwegians go hiking， camping， picnicking and fishing． In the winter， it's time to play in the snow． As the Telegraph newspaper noted， “Many Norwegians grow up on the slopes and can ski like professional athletes．”
The Norwegian diet is another factor in Norwegians" good health． A typical homemade meal is low in sugar， fat and salt， and is usually made of fish， meat， potatoes， berries， whole-grain bread and vegetables． “Dining out is relatively uncommon，” Women's Health Magazine noted． “There is not a big fast-food culture and there are no ready meals．"
Even though fast food restaurants have been set up in the country， to discourage unhealthy eating， the government has put higher duties on fast food and soft drinks since 1981．
The mentality（心态） of the Norwegian people has also played an essential role in the country's health and social success． The Danish-Norwegian novelist Aksel Sandemose once wrote down the Law of Jante， which shows important ideas in Norwegian culture： modesty， collectivity and social equality． Overall， the law suggests that no one is better than another person， and that people should not brag （吹嘘） about their achievements．
"You shouldn't believe that you are more than you are． This attitude deeply is in our social DNA，" Robert Mellberg， a tech entrepreneur told the BBC．



When was Norway first selected as the best place to live？ ______

A. In 2012
B. In 2004
C. In 2016
D. In 2008

According to the text， which game do Norwegians like best？ ______

A. Hiking
B. Fishing
C. Camping
D. Skiing

What are Norwegians" health secrets？ ______

A. Outdoor lifestyle， diet and the mentality
B. A big fast-food culture and modesty
C. Beautiful scenery， ready meals， and the attitude
D. Modesty， culture and soft drinks

Try Your Hardest "Don't be afraid to give your best to what seemingly are small jobs． Every time you conquer one it makes you much stronger． If you do little jobs well， the big ones will tend to take care of themselves，" said Dale Carnegie．
Sometimes， doing your best work or trying your hardest at something is difficult． It may have something to do with trying to do something new for the first time， like a new sport or activity at school． It may have something to do with doing homework for a subject that is not your favorite or is not your best．
As Hunter S． Thompson once said， "Anything worth doing is worth doing right．" And as Albert Einstein added， "We have to do the best we can． This is our sacred human responsibility．"
Developing the habit of trying your hardest and doing your best is something that will help you succeed throughout your life． If you have looked at some quotes related to trying your hardest， you will see that many of them come from people who have made a big difference in the world． This is not a coincidence． It was not only their cleverness that helped them stand out and change the world， but their ability to try their hardest and do their best in whatever they were doing． If you can develop this same habit---to do your best in any situation， it will be a great benefit to your family， career， school and community．
As Bob Cousy put it， "Do your best when no one is looking． If you do that， then you can be successful at anything you put your mind to．" The choice is yours．



Why does the author use the quote of Dale Carnegie in Paragraph 1？ ______

A. To describe a scene
B. To introduce a topic
C. To draw a conclusion
D. To support an argument

According to the passage， in which case is it difficult to try your hardest？ ______

A. When you are doing something that you are familiar with
B. When you are doing something that you are good at
C. When you are doing something that you feel bored with
D. When you are doing something that you like very much

Why does the author suggest we develop the habit of trying our hardest？ ______

A. To let us make a big difference in the world
B. To help us achieve success all through our life
C. To make us more skillful in our work
D. To make it possible for us to benefit the whole world

What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______

A. To inform
B. To advertise
C. To introduce
D. To persuade

Famous people have a lot of influence on cultural trends， like it or not． However， one trend that seems harmless but is actually damaging， is the pressure on stars to have their photos taken with exotic （奇异的） animals． Famous people who are asked to have photos taken with wild animals for a magazine spread or who do so while on vacation always have good intentions and even love animals． This makes them easy targets for the often greedy amusement parks and illegal animals centers． Kind people are naturally drawn to places that claim（声称）to offer exotic animals safety and are eager to see elephants paint， to bug baby bears or to swim with dolphins． However， it turns out that many of these business persons are breeders（饲养动物者），dealers or exhibitors that are using famous people's goodwill for their own purposes．
Many business persons continually keep the animals just so they'll have a constant supply of young animals in order to charge money for photos． Of course， the babies are lovely but they grow fast， and within a few weeks they are too big to handle． They'll spend rest of their lives． something decades， in small and empty cages or even be killed．
In some Asian countries， elephants are kept in camps． A few camps are working to help elephants in trouble， but the vast majority are not， and training methods are barbaric（野蛮的）and cruel． As soon as the cameras are gone after someone like Prince William has a photo taken with an elephant， the chains go back on．
Fans， tell the stars： stay away from exotic animals photos， and the animals will be grateful．



What does the author intend to do with this passage？ ______

A. To show how stars influence cultural trends
B. To urge governments to look into illegal animals centers
C. To remind people to think about how to treat wild animals kindly
D. To persuade stars not to have photos taken with exotic animals

According to the passage we can learn that many business persons ______ ．

A. make a great effort to provide safety for animals
B. aim to offer good chances for people to get close to animals
C. take advantage of star's good intentions to make profits
D. expect there to be little competition as exotic animals are rare

Why do many business persons continually keep young animals？ ______

A. They expect to exchange them for many at the market
B. They intend to increase the number of endangered animals
C. They want to make sure of having enough of them for photos
D. They can rescue more animals and get them out of trouble

What can be inferred from the passage？ ______

A. Stars can have photos taken with exotic animals free of charge
B. Many people follow stars and have photos taken with exotic animals
C. Media exposure has failed to have any effect on famous people
D. Stars feel sympathetic and concerned about mistreated animals

阅读理解
B
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs, When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching, Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need? ”Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality. ”
（1）The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“      ”.
A.be the worst
B.be the best
C.be just as bad
D.be just as good
（2）What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?
A.Similarities between the calls moms and chicks.
B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C.The data collected from Queensland's locals.
D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
（3）Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which       .
A.can receive quality signals
B.are in need of training
C.fit the environment better
D.make the loudest call