选择知识点

Apart from psychological(心理的) illness，we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health. What we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves. This also contributes to many mental health disorders.

Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds，but if you’re buried in them and believe them，they could be wearing your sense of self­esteem (自尊)．Here are a few beliefs that indicate you may need to switch the channel：I’m not good enough？/I don’t deserve...？/No one likes me？/I’m a failure?

Negative thoughts remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures，and they get you nowhere.

What can you do？Here are some suggestions：

Switch the channel when negative thoughts appear. Self­talk is not so obvious that we often don’t notice its effect on our mood and belief systems. Key things to notice are “if only” or “what if” statements：the former keeps you caught in the past with regret，while the latter keeps you fearful of the future. There is nothing you can do about the past，and the future isn’t here yet，so stay in the present moment.

Recognize that actions always follow beliefs. You’ll find yourself behaving in ways that are consistent (和……一致的) to your beliefs. So，start believing the best about yourself：act as if you believe that you’re a valuable and worthy person.

Develop positive self­talk rather than negative self­talk. Instead of always looking down upon yourself in your head，think of some things you actually like about yourself. What are your strengths？What are you good at？Instead of saying “I’m a loser”，try saying，“I am capable./I’m good at.../I accept myself the way I am.”

Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely self­limiting. Decide today to turn off the negative self­talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.

(1) From the first two paragraphs we can learn that________.
A. lots of people have no sense of self­esteem B. focusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on people C. negative thoughts will strengthen our sense of self­esteem D. few people have negative thoughts and mental problems
(2) The underlined word “wearing” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. strengthening B. protecting C. weakening D. replacing
(3) What do the suggestions in the text tell us?
A. Our beliefs always come after actions. B. Positive self­talk does good to our mental health. C. Looking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty. D. “What if” keeps you stuck in the past with regret.
(4) The text encourages us to________.
A. get rid of negative thoughts B. get anywhere we like C. think highly of others D. turn off the self­talk channel
(5) This text is most likely to appear in________.
A. a recreation guide B. a medical journal C. a science textbook D. a travel brochure

 He has the coolest hair, and he is so funny. Every time you see him, you feel shy and embarrassed.

   You don't even know her, but you feel nervous whenever you see her and when she looks at you, you just smile like an idiot.

   If a girl or a boy is making you feel this way, it sounds like you have a crush (爱恋).

   Noticing your first crush is an exciting time. Sometimes, feelings for a crush can be confusing because they're new to you. If you feel awkward around your crush, you're not alone. That's how most people feel. Some people are even speechless when they see their crush. It can be hard to control how you feel, but the rules of good behavior still apply. If your crush doesn't want to talk with you or it seems like you're making the person uncomfortable, it's time to back off. Likewise, never let anyone behave in a way that makes you feel funny or uncomfortable.

   When you develop special feelings toward someone, you might want to talk with friends about it, but sometimes kids tease (取消) other kids about crushes. Getting teased is never fun, so if you need someone to talk with about a crush, a parent can be a good choice. They were kids once, too, and they know what it's like. Maybe they'll tell you about their own first crush!

   When you have a crush on someone and you find out that he or she likes you, too, it's a wonderful feeling. But sometimes it doesn't work out that way. You might feel sad, disappointed, and rejected. If you feel heartbreak, those feelings can last for a while, but they will fade. And, try to be kind if you're on the other end of a crush—when someone likes you. It's a compliment when someone thinks you're special. If you don't feel the same way, try to tell him or her in a nice way.

   Crushes are new and exciting, so enjoy them while they last. Someday, you'll be telling your own kids about your first crush!

(1) When you see your crush, you may feel ________.
A. embarrassed B. uncomfortable C. teased D. disappointed
(2) Talking with parents about your crush is a good way because ________.
A. they will tell you their own experience B. they are the people who always laugh at you C. they were in your shoes before D. they know what teasing is like
(3) Which question does Paragraph 6 offer an answer to?
A. What if someone breaks my heart? B. If I have a crush, what should I do? C. What does it feel like to have a crush? D. Why do I have a crush?
(4) Where does this passage most probably come from?
A. A science textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A psychology journal. D. A teenager advertisement.

        Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are concerned about their own appearance and actions too much. Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?

         It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.

          Shy people, who have low respect, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need faith that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior（自卑）. They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good, I know it's not true.” It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.

             Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self respect. It is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.

(1) The first paragraph is mainly about______.
A. the cause of shyness B. the effect of shyness on people C. the feelings of shy people D. the questions in the minds of shy people
(2) According to the writer, self-awareness is______.
A. harmful to people B. a weak point of people C. the cause of unhappiness D. a good characteristic
(3) What is the shy people's reaction to praise?
A. They are pleased by it. B. They feel it is not true. C. They are very sensitive to it. D. They feel they are worthy of it.

We all fail，all the time. We might miss a call with a client because of an emergency work meeting，or miss that meeting because another project has suddenly become urgent. And then we (or our families) get sick，and we have to shift priorities around again.

   These unsystematic failures are benign，though. They reflect that all of us have limited resources. There simply is not enough time，energy，or money，to do everything you want to do all the time. Part of being a responsible adult is learning to make tradeoffs：balancing your conflicting goals and trying to get as much done as you can in the time you have.

   The thing you really need to watch out for is the systematic failure. The systematic failure happens when there's a particular goal you want to achieve，but never get to. The causes of systematic failures usually boil down to some combination of these three factors：

   Short－term pressures versus long－term goals. Most of us prefer to achieve pressing short－term goals rather than put time into long－term projects. Lots of research suggests that our brains are wired to prefer tasks that pay off in the short term rather than those whose benefit is long－term. The people who do manage to accomplish their long－term goals create regular space to make progress on them.

   ________ Without even realizing it，we often do what is easiest to accomplish rather than what we say is most important. Email is a great example. If you are like most people，you keep your email program open at work all day. Consequently，each new message is an invitation to drop what you are working on to check it. It feels like work and it's much easier than finishing that 100－slide presentation. Simply shutting off email for a few hours a day can remove this source of distraction(分心的事物) from the environment.

   Working for too long. Many workplaces create pressure to stay at the office for more and note hours，which (paradoxically) creates opportunities for systematic failures. Work is not an ton man competition where the last person there wins. Most people have an optimal(最佳的) umber of hours they can work each day. For example，I can be productive at work for about 8－9 hours a day. If I spend any more time at work than that，then at some point，I start doing "fake work."

   The next time you run into trouble，assess whether it's an unsystematic failure or a systematic one. When you notice a systematic failure in your life，you need to make a change in your behavior. If you don't make a change，you will continue to fail.

   Finally，if you experience a lot of unsystematic failures，it might be worth rethinking the number of tasks you are taking on. Perhaps you need to offload some responsibilities onto someone else，before you start experiencing more systematic failures.

(1) The underlined word "benign" in Paragraph 2 means " ________".
A. not dangerous B. not useful C. relevant D. troublesome
(2) Who was most probably affected by the first factor？
A. Andy who put his keep－fit plan aside due to a lack of free time. B. Sarah who worked overtime to finish her work ahead of time. C. Philip who missed an important appointment for his illness. D. Emily who kept her social networking platform on ally day.
(3) Which of the following could fill in the blank as a subtitle？
A. The truth about important goals. B. Environments that are bad for our goals. C. The easiest goals that often bring us little. D. Ways to remove the source of distraction.
(4) What is mainly talked about in the last two paragraphs？
A. How to tell systematic failures and unsystematic failures apart. B. When you should worry about unsystematic failures. C. What to do to save yourself from systematic failures. D. Why assessing failures that you have experienced is important.

Living in a modern society has its advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage is that you often have to live closer to other people than you would like to. Sometimes, your neighbors make noise that you are not comfortable with.

  The best way to solve this problem is to talk with your neighbor first. You should be very polite and ask your neighbor if he knows how thin the walls of your homes are. This way doesn’t criticize (批评) his behavior; it simply points out that he may not realize how far his sound travels. Tell him that you know that sometimes you make noise as well, but that you do your best to keep it down. Often this will solve the problem right away, but sometimes the neighbor may become angry.

  If your neighbor becomes angry with you, there are some more steps you can take. You might write a letter to the neighborhood committee. Make sure you write down the source of the noise and the time in the letter. They will review the situation and decide whether your neighbor is out of line. Some noise is considered to be reasonable, even if it bothers you. So you may prepare a good pair of earplugs (耳塞).

   Even if your neighbor makes too much noise, you don’t have to live your life in discomfort. It’s always a good idea to be friendly with your neighbors. You may clean the rubbish in front of his door. He’s sure to appreciate behavior like this and be more open to your suggestions about noise level.

(1) What should be written in the letter to the neighborhood committee?
A. How to punish your noisy neighbor. B. Where and when the noise appears. C. How to make the noise less in the neighborhood. D. What problems the noise causes to your life.
(2) The underlined word “reasonable” in the third paragraph probably means “____”.
A. terrible B. loud C. proper D. unpleasant
(3) What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. You should control your noise as well. B. You can live comfortably even if there is noise. C. Your neighbor may be more friendly than you think. D. You should build good relationship with your neighbor.
(4) The author wrote this passage to tell us ____ .
A. why we should get on well with neighbors B. how to relax ourselves in a modern society C. what we should do with our noisy neighbor D. how to become known among neighbors