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Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep？However,this practice could be counter-productive,according to a new study by Michael K.Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University.The work,published in Psychological Medicine,found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.
In the first study,199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency nod liming,as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep.Almost all - 87% - believed that music improves sleep,or at least does not disrupt it.However,the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness.Just over three quarters of the participants also reported experiencing frequent "earworms" - having a song or tune "stuck" and replaying in their minds.A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week,and these people were six limes as likely to report poor sleep quality.The team's analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults.After arriving at the sleep lab at 8：45 p.m.，participants went to a quid bedroom,where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress,sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.They also had electrodes applied,ready for the night-time polysomnography to record their brain wave activity,as well as heart rate and breathing,and reported on how relaxed,nervous,energetic,sleepy and stressed they felt.At 10：00 p.m.，they were given some "downtime"，with quiet music playing.Half were randomised to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-only versions of these same songs.
Participants reported decreases in stress mid nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs,and also showed decreases in blood pressure.So-as earlier studies have also suggested-quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the lime.However,a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm,and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions,such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep.Taken together,the findings represent "causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms." the team writes.
Why instrumental-only songs should have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn't clear.The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar.Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participant's brains to try to add the words,which might have made earworms more likely.If this is the case,all instrumental music may not have the same effect.However,the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.



According to the passage,the participants in both studies ______ .

A. were required to listen to light music
B. felt their sleeping problems resolved
C. had their sleeping quality monitored
D. provided feedback oil bedtime music

What does the underlined word "induce" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ ______

A. Lead to.
B. Impact on.
C. Break in.
D. Focus on.

What can we learn from the passage？ ______

A. Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B. Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.
C. Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.
D. Both familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.

The passage is mainly about ______ .

A. how instrumental music disturbs sleep
B. the possible negative effect of bedtime music
C. how people can improve their sleep quality
D. differences between music with and without lyrics

The problem of global warming has caused a lot of people to get started on increasing their battles to save the Earth's ecological system.The trouble is that nearly all people think it even expensive to begin living green.Continue reading to see several things you can do to get on the road to living green.
You can get on a great start by learning to recycle.While this appears really simple,there are many people who still throw glass bottles and aluminum（铝）cans into their common garbage（垃圾箱）.In the US，it's easy to locate a trash service that has glass and aluminum recycling alternatives.If you take a few seconds to wash the cans and bottles and put them in the recycle bin,you will be on the path to saving the Earth.
One more big waste product is newspapers.Most of people will merely take their newspaper and throw it in the garbage when they finish reading it.Still there are many other things you can do with an old newspaper when you finish reading it.For instance,newspapers make terrific material for cleaning windowpanes.You can clean your windows with newspapers rather than paper towels and window cleaner for a streak-free shine.
What else you can do to get started living green is to start walking a bit more.Many people think nothing of getting in their car and driving one block to get soda at the local convenience store.If you merely walk to the store,not only could it take less time,because you won't have to try to find a parking place,but you will be saving money on petrol and helping to save the planet by not burning those fuels.If you wish to save even more on fuel,take the chance to join the car pool whenever you can and just mow your lawn twice a month instead of weekly.



What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1？ ______

A. To call on people to live an easy life.
B. To advise people to learn how to live green.
C. To tell us that many people are living green.
D. To express worries about global warming.

The author thinks that ______ .

A. it is rather difficult to recycle cans and bottles
B. cans and bottles are usually washed before recycled
C. many people can't recycle glass bottles properly
D. people would like to throw the wastes everywhere

The underlined phrase "car pool" in the last paragraph probably refers to ______ .

A. a pool where cars can park
B. a good way to avoid traffic jams
C. a group of people sharing the same car
D. an organization to protect the environment

What is the main idea of the passage？ ______

A. Going green is much simpler than people think.
B. It may cost us much more to live a green life.
C. A lot of things can be reused in our life.
D. People are living a much better life than before.

A discovery in animal science is causing close attention among dog owners nationwide.The discovery was made by the famous researcher and vet（兽医），Dr.Mary Goldstein,or Dr.Mary,as he's known in the industry.
"I used to spend a lot of time teaching owners to spot red flags-like restlessness（坐立不安），lethargy,and antisocial behavior-so they can tell when their dog is asking for help right away," he recalls. "But now,I want to help people take a more active method to their dogs' health."
It was this idea that led Dr.Mary to discover a remarkable new care technique that could help your dog lead the longest,healthiest life possible - no matter their age.
"It was amazing to see the transformation,especially in older dogs who were already slowing down," he says. "In a matter of weeks,their energy and enthusiasm noticeably improved.They had more energy,they were more playful,more limber,more relaxed…it was pretty astonishing.Even their coats looked healthier."
Over the course of his career,Dr.Mary has treated countless animals and been at the forefront of veterinary advancement for years,but he believes this to be his most important discovery to date.
"It's rooted in science typically used for humans,but I've made it very simple to use for dogs," he explains. "I think it's exactly what our four-legged friends have been asking for."
Eearlier this month,Dr.Mary released an educational video for other dog owners,so they could follow his plan for a medical treatment at home.
If you'd like to try increasing your pet's life span using Dr.Mary's method,click below for more complete instructions.



What led Dr.Mary to discover a new care technique？ ______

A. The aim to help dogs live a much longer life.
B. The thought of improving dogs' health actively.
C. The plan to make dogs live a much healthier life.
D. The hope of becoming a great vet throughout history.

What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 5 refer to？ ______

A. Teaching people how to take care of their dogs.
B. Treating a large quantity of animals these years.
C. Being at the forefront of veterinary advancement.
D. Discovering a method to improve dogs' health condition.

Which of the following may best describe Dr.Mary？ ______

A. Helpful and creative.
B. Proud and mean.
C. Optimistic and passive.
D. Famous and humorous.

Where is the text most probably from？ ______

A. A magazine.
B. A novel.
C. A website.
D. A booklet.

Mary O'Connor and her husband Bobby Hughes had been in Letterkenny for a couple of days,when they decided they would spend the afternoon at Rathmullan beach.
Bobby is a diabetic（糖尿病患者）and needs to take insulin（胰岛素）regularly.On that morning,he had checked his blood sugar levels,which were fine.He ate breakfast without any difficulty.However,an unlucky incident happened.Mary said,"Ten minutes after we were there he just completely went down.It was just scary and it was so sudden.I think the really severe heat was a key factor,but it reflected how quickly things could change. "
A few moments later,two women from Derry noticed that and rapidly came over.One called Sara who also was a similar patient recognized straight away what was going on.She said,"I had a bottle of glucose gel（葡萄糖凝胶） that I kept for emergencies and I was rubbing it onto Bobby's gums."
Mary said,"Some young lifeguards were able to call an ambulance and another lady called Emma,who was a nurse,stopped by to help us as well.Eventually we got him into the ambulance and I started to shake from the shock of it all.A nice man,Liam McAteer,whose mum owns the pub in Rathmullan,offered to drive me to the hospital and even took me back again to get my car. " Mary said that the staff at the Letterkenny hospital were so brilliant in treating Bobby that he was able to be discharged later that day at 6：30 pm.
She said that while there was much more drama in their holiday than she thought there would be,she was very touched by the kind strangers.Mary continued,"It is wonderful to know there are good people and we are both so grateful for all help that they gave us. "



Why did Mary and Bobby go to Letterkenny？ ______

A. To study abroad.
B. To visit a friend.
C. To go on holiday.
D. To go on business.

What probably caused Bobby's unconsciousness？ ______

A. Missing his breakfast.
B. Taking medicine irregularly.
C. The quick change of location.
D. The high temperature of that day.

What does the underlined phrase" be discharged" mean in paragraph 4？ ______

A. Leave hospital.
B. Enjoy free care.
C. Be checked up.
D. Be looked after.

What may be the best title for the text？ ______

A. A Medical Incident
B. The Powerful Aid
C. The Unusual Couple
D. An Awkward Holiday

Drinking your daily cup of coffee may help to lower your risk of stroke（中风）and heart disease,according to a latest research.Researchers at the Heart and Vascular Centre,Budapest,Hungary have found that drinking up to three cups of coffee a day may help protect your cardiovascular （心血管的） system.
The team studied data from nearly 500，000 people registered in the UK Biobank with an average age of 56 and no signs of heart disease at the time of recruitment.They divided them into three categories according to their coffee drinking habits：non-drinkers,up to three-cup-a-day drinkers,and more than three-cup-a-day drinkers.
Considering influencing factors such as age,sex,weight,height,physical activity,blood pressure,diabetes,socioeconomic status,and usual intake of alcohol,meat,tea,fruit and vegetables,they found that three-cup-a-day drinkers had a 12 per cent lower risk of death from all causes,a 17 per cent lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease,and a 21 per cent lower risk of stroke.
"To our knowledge,this is the largest study to systematically assess the cardiovascular effects of regular coffee consumption in a population without diagnosed heart disease," said study author Dr Judit Simon.
To further investigate the effect,the researchers used data from more than 30，000 participants in the UK Biobank who had undergone MRI（核磁共振成像） scans to determine the structure and functioning capacity of their hearts.
Dr Judit Simon said,"The imaging analysis indicated that compared with participants who did not drink coffee regularly,daily coffee consumers had healthier sized and better functioning hearts.Our findings suggest that coffee consumption of up to three cups per day is associated with favourable cardiovascular outcomes.While further studies are needed to explain the underlying mechanisms,the observed benefits might be partly explained by positive changes in cardiac structure and function.



What is the latest research mainly about？ ______

A. The risk of heart disease.
B. The ways to avoid stroke.
C. The cups of drinking coffee.
D. The benefits of drinking coffee.

Why does the author mention the influencing factors in paragraph 3？ ______

A. To show the difficulty of the research.
B. To show the reliability of the findings.
C. To introduce the process of the research.
D. To introduce the limitation of the findings.

What do the two data analyses have in common？ ______

A. They find coffee's positive effects on people.
B. They focus on negative changes in people's hearts.
C. They oppose coffee consumption.
D. They have been accepted widely.

What attitude does Dr Judit Simon have to drinking coffee？ ______

A. Carefree.
B. Skeptical.
C. Favourable.
D. Tolerant.

A project in Kenya is using biogas（沼气）technology to attack two major pollution problems with one device：a machine that changes waste such as invasive water hyacinth（入侵性水葫芦）into cleaner cooking fuel.
The project from Biogas International,a Kenyan energy technology company,has so far provided 50 of the Flexi Biogas devices to homes in the city of Kisumu in western Kenya.The main device is called a digester （浸煮器） because it breaks down plant waste to produce gas.The digesters will permit families to stop using wood or coal,both of which produce dangerous smoke.People will also be able to cook foods faster using the gas.Tony Otieno used the gas from a digester to cook tea for his 70-year-old grandmother Margaret.He said,"The gas has no smoke,does not smell,and it is much faster than the jiko （a stove that uses wood-coal）. "
Some of the families received a gas stove as part of the project,to replace their jiko.The machines process plant waste such as water hyacinth.That plant has covered large parts of Lake Victoria.The weed-like plant harms living things in the lake including fish.The plant also helps bacteria and mosquitoes increase,causing health risks to local communities.
Dominic Wanjihia Kahumbu is head of Biogas International.He said that at a cost of ＄650，most families in the city do not have enough money to buy the device.Although the technology can be on a small or large scale,he said,each system costs a lot to make.As a result,it is unlikely that the company will make a profit for at least another five years.He said the company needs new investment.
Two larger versions of the equipment are still in the testing stage.They would produce clean fuel on an larger scale for restaurants,chicken farms and fish drying facilities in the area.



What do the two major pollution problems refer to？ ______

A. Bacteria and mosquitoes.
B. Plant waste and fuel pollution.
C. Biogas and water hyacinth.
D. Jiko and dangerous smoke.

Which of the following can best describe the device？ ______

A. Large.
B. Cheap.
C. Environment friendly.
D. Nice-looking.

What can we know about the water hyacinth from the text？ ______

A. It helps fish increase.
B. It has covered Kenya.
C. It's a threat to the local people.
D. It leads to the invention of digester.

What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the device？ ______

A. Its kinds.
B. Its disadvantages.
C. Its future.
D. Its function.

A Russian natural gas tanker（油轮）has completed an experimental round trip along the Northern Sea Route（NSR）-the first time the path across the Arctic has been made at this time of year.It returned to the Russian gas station at Sabetta on February 19.The voyage by the Christophe de Margerie tanker through the ice is the latest visual indicator of climate change in the cold region.
The tanker set out from a Chinese port on January 27 after delivering its cargo.It entered the Northern Sea Route,which traverses（横越）Russia's north coast.A few days later near Cape Dezhnev,it was met by the Russian nuclear icebreaker 50 Let Pobedy（50 Years of Victory）.Together they completed the 2，500-nautical-mile voyage through the ice in 11 days and 10 hours.
The ship managed to complete the first leg of the trip from Russia to China without an icebreaker.Both of the journeys broke records for winter navigation（航行）due to the changing climate in the Arctic allowing passage through thinner ice.Using the Northern Sea Route lets shippers in Russia and other countries avoid a much longer southern journey around Europe,the Middle East and all of southern Asia,saving millions of dollars.
The ships encountered no multi-year buildup of old ice on the route,and the deepest ice was about 5 feet thick.However,meteorologist and journalist Eric Holthaus called that a clear indicator of "a climate emergency".
Last May,Christophe de Margerie became the first large-capacity cargo ship to complete an eastbound transit of the Northern Sea Route,two months earlier in the year than the journey traditionally made.
"As a result of the early Northern Sea Route voyage completed by Christophe de Margerie in May 2020，as well as the current NSR voyage,the navigation in the Eastern part of the Arctic was practically doubled," Eric Holthaus said.He noted that for decades the transit route along that part of the NSR had typically remained closed by ice from November until July.



Which factor contributed most to Christophe de Margerie's successful trip？ ______

A. The ideal equipment.
B. The ocean current.
C. The nuclear power.
D. The climate change.

What's Eric Holthaus' attitude to the gas tanker's trip across the Arctic？ ______

A. Skeptical.
B. Concerned.
C. Critical.
D. Tolerant.

What does the underlined word "encountered" in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______

A. Picked up.
B. Prepared for.
C. Came across.
D. Depended on.

How long can the NSR route be used by cargo ships now？ ______

A. 2 months.
B. 3 months.
C. 4 months.
D. 6 months.

Plants don't bleed red and scream the way antelopes（羚羊）do when lions bite them,but they often die all the same if they can't defend themselves.A study by researchers at Missouri and the University of British Columbia proves that plants not only know when they're being eaten,but that they can tell several different insects apart even when they cat at the same time.
Appel and her coauthors-Jack Schultz,a University of Missouri researcher who led the study,and Joerg Bohlmann,a University of British Columbia researcher who performed genetic（基因的）studies,along with six others-planted Arabidopsis seeds in a lab and allowed them to grow to a size that caterpillars（毛毛虫）and worms love.Then they let the insects eat the plants.Plants lose water and tissue and,worse,might get infected（感染）with some sort of bacteria,but generally they live to see another day.
The researchers found that the plants produced chemicals that gave them the unpleasant smells to drive the insects away.Moreover,there were different genetic responses to each worm,showing that the plant actually knew what was eating them.
The study,financed by the National Science Foundation and published in the journal Frontiersin Plant Science,wasn't carried out for charity.Arabidopsis is an important plant that can bring in a lot of money for farmers.
This could allow agriculturalists who grow and design cash crops to give them the skills to drive off farm pests（害虫）."If we want to grow plants that can keep insects away," Appel said,we might as well find out how they respond to different insects that feed on them.



What is the best title of this text？ ______

A. Plants can know which insects are eating them
B. New plants help farmers earn more money
C. Scientists found a new way to grow plants
D. Scientists found plants could protect themselves

How do plants protect themselves？ ______

A. By changing their genes.
B. By producing special chemicals.
C. By loosing water and tissue.
D. By telling who is eating them.

What shows that plants know who is eating them？ ______

A. Plants have different genetic reactions.
B. Plants produce the same chemicals.
C. Plants have skills to drive off farm pests.
D. Plants can tell several different insects apart.

The result of the study can be helpful to ______ .

A. protect a rare plant from dying out
B. deal with pests
C. to design a new kind of insect
D. raise money for charity

In Central America,sea turtle eggs are a popular cuisine dish.The eggs are hugely and secretly harvested onto tables,leaving the sea turtles listed as threatened.Yet we simply do not have the ability to continuously guard large beaches.Scientist Kim Williams was thinking hard when she had an "aha" moment：How about placing a fake egg containing a GPS tracker.
That's how the special eggs come in.To build them,Williams and colleagues used a 3 D printer.Then,they fixed in the smallest GPS tracking devices.As mother turtles laid their eggs under cover of night,the researchers slipped a single spy egg into each nest.Once they are covered in sand from the real ones,"it's very difficult to tell the difference"，says Williams.
Of the 101 spy eggs,25 were taken away while six of them were quickly discovered and left on the beach.The team received tracking data with the farthest egg travelling 137 kilometers inland and stopping at a local supermarket.The spy egg sent its final signal the next day from a personal house,suggesting that the research team had tracked the eggs all the way.The researchers stress that the tracker is not a way to catch local thieves：many of whom are living in poverty,but rather a tool to better understand how the deal goes.
Still stopping stealing is not as simple as handing the tracking data over to the police.Across Central America,trade in sea turtle eggs can be legally ambiguous.In Costa Rica：for example,it is illegal to steal and sell sea turtle eggs but buying them is not a crime.It is not black and white.Meanwhile,local support is in need above all. "It,but not tracking with eggs,is the real meat and potatoes of conservation," says Williams.



What is the major threat to the existence of sea turtles？ ______

A. Unsafe GPS trackers.
B. Unguarded Sea Beaches.
C. The popular dishes of sea turtles.
D. The overhunt of turtle eggs.

How does Williams explain her study in paragraph 2？ ______

A. By listing scientific data.
B. By distinguishing the differences.
C. By clarifying the process.
D. By demonstrating an expert's statement.

The researchers tracked so many spy eggs to ______ .

A. test the GPS trackers
B. arrest the egg thieves
C. look into the whole deal of turtle eggs
D. perceive the current situation of sea turtles

Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Spy Eggs Save Endangered Sea Turtles
B. Sea Turtles Draw Constant Concern
C. Spy Eggs Help Locate Egg Thieves
D. Advanced Technology Protects Sea Turtles

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have,but one cannot take good health for granted.It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy.There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape：eat right food,get enough sleep,and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition is important for good health.Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of "fuel".Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat.Eat plenty of foods high in protein（蛋白质），like meat,fish,eggs and nuts.Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals.However,don't overeat.It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important.If you don't get enough sleep,you feel tired and easily get angry.You have no energy.Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality.Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night.If you do,your body will feel strong and refreshed,and your mind will be sharp.
Finally,get plenty of exercise.Exercise firms the body,strengthens the muscles,and prevents you from gaining weight.It also improves your heart and lungs.If you follow a regular exercise program,you will probably increase your life-span（寿命）.Any kind of exercise is good.Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes：basketball,swimming,bicycling,running and so on are good examples.Sports are not only good for your body,but they are enjoyable and interesting,too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods,get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly,the world would be a happier and healthier place.We would all live to be much older and wiser.



According to the passage, ______ .

A. if we were healthy,we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep
B. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape
C. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy
D. we should always keep fit

Eating more and sleeping less ______ .

A. can keep healthy
B. is no good for you
C. gets you more energy
D. will keep your personality

The writer explains ______ in this passage.

A. how to eat
B. the importance of doing exercise
C. how to keep healthy
D. what to eat

The title of the article should be ______ .

A. Eating and Exercising
B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C. Staying Healthy
D. Sleeping Well