选择知识点

It is difficult to give up smoking for two main reasons.First is the power of nicotine（尼古丁），found naturally in tobacco（烟草）leaves.Second,people often smoke as a routine or habit,and giving up can be hard because it requires a change of pattern.People smoke often when they're stressed.There are luckily products people can buy to help them give it up,including nicotine patches （贴片）.
Addiction is one of the biggest challenges for people to give up.Nicotine is a drug that is naturally in the roots and leaves of the tobacco plant,and its presence tells us why smoking these leaves is so popular：the drug makes people feel good,and can reduce one's pressure,at least in the short term.People breathe in it when smoking cigarettes and other similar products,and from there it enters the bloodstream quickly.It travels through the heart and to the brain,where pleasant feelings are produced.Once these centers of the brain become used to the drug,people will begin to thirst for it.Over time most people build up a tolerance to the drug.In this sense,the longer a person waits,the harder it will likely be to quit.
Most people find that they can't give up smoking unless they really want to,and it often takes a lot of willpower and determination（决心）.Certain medicine can help reduce some worst side effects,and many also find that it helps to slowly reduce nicotine addiction rather than stop it all at once.Nicotine patches people can wear are often helpful,as these can deliver controlled amounts of the drug into a person's blood.



What can we learn from the text？ ______

A. Tobacco can relieve stress completely.
B. People smoke only when feeling stressed.
C. There are products to help smokers give up smoking.
D. It is the best way to quit smoking suddenly.

Why is smoking tobacco popular with some people？ ______

A. It helps people look cool.
B. It can make people healthy.
C. It smells and tastes good.
D. It makes people feel fine.

What may the author agree with？ ______

A. Stopping producing tobacco.
B. Quitting smoking as early as possible.
C. Buying much medicine to quit smoking.
D. Quitting smoking is easy for most people.

What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______

A. Why it is hard to quit smoking.
B. What can be done to quit smoking.
C. Why it is impossible to quit smoking.
D. How to help others quit smoking.

If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life,new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study,people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.
Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers（慢跑者）and non - joggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a proper pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non - joggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries（动脉）.Over time,this can cause serious injuries.
Peter Schnohr,a researcher in Copenhagen,said,"If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy（寿命），jogging a few times a week at a proper pace is a good strategy.Anything more is not just unnecessary,and it may be harmful."
The implications（暗示）of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi,yoga and walking may be better for us than "iron man" events,triathlons and long-distance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott,another researcher involved in the study, "You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much".



The underlined word "strenuous" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to " ______ ".

A. regular
B. hard
C. practical
D. flexible

The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ______ .

A. suggest giving up jogging
B. show risks of doing sports
C. provide supportive evidence
D. introduce the research process

According to the scientists,why is too much exercise harmful？ ______

A. It may injure the heart and arteries.
B. It can make the body tired out.
C. It will bring much pressure.
D. It consumes too much energy.

What can be inferred from the text？ ______

A. No exercise at all is the best choice.
B. More exercise means a healthier life.
C. Marathons runners are least likely to die.
D. Proper exercise contributes to good health.

A third of all food produced worldwide is never eaten.But how easy is it to reduce our food waste？Two students have found out.
"That's not a very pleasant smell," says student Helen Chigwende,standing with the entire contents of her household food waste bin laid out before her.Helen and one of her house-mates,Will Smith,want to learn how to live a more sustainable（可持续的） lifestyle,so they need to understand their habits.That means searching their leftovers or food that has been sent straight to the bin without being touched.They soon find out how much of their food waste could have been avoided. "We've got a piece of sandwich meat that doesn't even seem to be eaten," Will says,looking at what still-eatable food he could save.It is formed into a pile of "avoidable" waste,which soon becomes the "unavoidable" things.
"One of the reasons why we end up with a lot of food waste is that food isn't stored properly," explained Dr Woolley.Sometimes it is placed in an area of the fridge or cupboard where it is not easily noticeable,so it gets left and not eaten in time.There are also two other tips in reducing food waste. "The first is planning," he says. "Write a shopping list to make sure you're not repeating things you've already got.The second is preparation.Cook the right amount for the people that are going to eat."
Back at the student house,Helen and Will are cooking vegetarian food to ensure a sustainable lifestyle.The long term test of whether they can keep up with their dietary prices and reduce food waste is yet to come.But both are devoted to making a positive change now.Despite being a "picky cater"，Helen says a week of sticking to health has not been too difficult. "It's just about finding things you'll enjoy eating."



What can we learn about Helen from paragraph 2？ ______

A. She has formed a habit of sorting out waste food.
B. She has never touched her household's bin.
C. She has wasted a lot of "avoidable" food.
D. She has calculated the amount of household waste.

What does Dr Woolley stress in paragraph 3？ ______

A. Measures to keep food fresh.
B. Negative effects of food waste.
C. Ways of living a healthy lifestyle.
D. Suggestions for reducing food waste.

What can be inferred about Helen and Will from the last paragraph？ ______

A. They are trying to live more sustainably.
B. They find it difficult to stick to health.
C. They are tired of eating vegetables.
D. They have difficulty keeping good eating habits.

What is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Be Cautious about Food Waste
B. Food Waste Can Be Unavoidable
C. Reduce the Amount of Daily Food
D. Forming Good Dietary Habits Is Important

There's no doubt that tomatoes are one of the most popular foods around.But is the tomato a fruit!？Or are we eating vegetables？They're one of the easiest vegetables to grow at home.Or is it easiest fruit？Good tomatoes taste like sunshine,and that should be all we need to know.It turns out,though,that defining whether a food is a fruit or a vegetable isn't as simple as it might seem.
Farmers,chefs,and lawyers all have different answers to this question.It may seem simple to us.Eat it for lunch？Vegetable,Eat it for dessert？Fruit!But it's not that easy.There are legal definitions of fruits and vegetables,as well as scientific ones.Tomatoes fit the scientific definition of fruits as they form from a flower and contain seeds.So botanically（植物学上），tomatoes are fruits.However,the way we eat them and treat them in cooking means that they also fall into the legal kind of vegetables.
In 1893，to avoid paying the fee,a decision made by the Supreme Court stated that tomatoes should be classified as a vegetable instead of a fruit for the purpose of trade.
Why are tomatoes fruits？To answer the question "Is the tomato a fruit？" let's look at the definition of fruit.According to Merriam-Webster,fruits are "the usually eatable reproductive body of a seed plant,especially：one having a sweet pulp（果肉）." The actual tomato plant is a seed plant that grows the red,eatable tomatoes people know and love.Although tomatoes aren't known for being as sweet as other fruits like peaches,they're not as bitter as some vegetables.With this definition in mind,everything from peppers to cucumbers are also fruit,while potatoes are not.It's an interesting fact that potatoes are actually distant relatives of the tomato.However,as root vegetables,they don't fit the "fruit of the vine（藤）" definition that makes tomatoes a fruit.



What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about tomatoes？ ______

A. They are a kind of vegetable.
B. They are easy to grow at home.
C. They taste good and are popular foods.
D. Whether they are fruits or vegetables is hard to tell.

What can we say about the definition of tomatoes in paragraph 2？ ______

A. Legally speaking,tomatoes are a kind of fruit.
B. If eaten for dessert,tomatoes are regarded as vegetables.
C. When eaten for lunch,tomatoes are regarded as vegetables.
D. Scientifically speaking,tomatoes are a kind of vegetables.

What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3？ ______

A. Introduce the theme of the text.
B. Provide some advice for readers.
C. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D. Add some background information.

In which section of a newspaper can you read the text？ ______

A. Environment.
B. Fashion.
C. Science.
D. Economy.

What is soy（大豆）？And is soy bad for you？Nature is so amazing that everything is there.Soy is such a wonderful creation.The food is one of just a handful of complete vegetarian proteins.Soy products,for example,tofu,contain some important substances.Because your body is unable to produce these important substances,they must come from food sources.
Regular intake of soy may help with reducing high blood pressure.In fact,a review study found that soy protein may significantly help your body work.Soy is also one of 13 foods that help to lower blood fat naturally.
The main function of soy is to benefit the heart.If you eat a number of heart-health-claim-approved protein foods,such as soy and nuts,you can get a drug-like cholesterol（胆固醇）reduction.So just because of the good effect,don't miss these foods.Add some of them to your diet.
"Soy foods have a lot of nutritional value that makes them especially appealing to folks interested in eating a heart-healthy diet," says Leman. "Whole soy foods have fiber and are low in fat.Soy foods can replace less heart-healthy choices,like red and processed meats. "
In part,that's because healthy cholesterol levels benefit heart health.Many experts believe that soy is beneficial to the heart because analyses of the effect of soy have continuously shown that soy protein reduces cholesterol.
If you're wondering,"Is soy bad for you？" The answer could be "Yes"，if you're allergic（过敏的）to it.Soy is one of the top seven allergens in the United States - along with milk,eggs,tree nuts,fish,shellfish and wheat.An allergy to soy is common in children.See a doctor if you have any of the signs of allergy,and also learn the key facts about food allergies.



How does the author begin the text？ ______

A. By listing data.
B. By quoting poetry.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By asking questions.

What's the main advantage of soy？ ______

A. It is good for the heart.
B. It is convenient to cook.
C. It cures several diseases.
D. It is more delicious than meat.

What can be inferred about soy from the last paragraph？ ______

A. It can't reduce cholesterol.
B. It contains as much protein as milk.
C. It is harmful to some people.
D. It won't cause allergic reactions.

What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. Who Is Not Suitable to Eat Soy？
B. What Soy Really Does to Your Body？
C. What's the Best Way to Eat Soy Foods？
D. How Can You Avoid the Risk of Eating Soy？

Most people can't wait for spring to arrive.It means flowers and warmer weather,all welcome changes from the dark winter days.Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere（北半球）than it was in the past,thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.
For example,Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago,but further north,in Seattle or Chicago,spring will arrive four days earlier.If you lived in the Arctic,spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.
To determine how springtime is starting earlier,researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years.These studies were about various biological indicators of spring,including birds migrating,plants flowering and amphibians（两栖动物）sounding their mating calls.Researchers then studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier.The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but it's warmer,too.
Before you go out in a happy springtime hike,spring arriving sooner isn't so good.The livelihood of migratory birds,for instance,may be concerned.
"The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes（维度）is expanded by future warming." said Eric Post.He is a fellow of the John Muir Institute and a polar ecologist.
Animals relying on Arctic sea ice,like polar bears,probably aren't crazy about things warming up sooner,either,because it impacts on their ability to hunt.Spring's early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystems - not to mention how soon you'll need to buy allergy medicine.



We learn from the study published in Scientific Reports that ______ .

A. spring comes earliest in Los Angeles
B. Los Angeles is further north than Seattle
C. spring comes 12 days earlier in Arctic than in Chicago
D. the further north a place lies,the sooner spring comes than before

Researchers made the discovery mainly by ______ .

A. comparing related data available
B. conducting research and test
C. calculating the exact length of each spring
D. observing animal's behavior all year round

What do the last two paragraphs focus on？ ______

A. Springtime emergence of creatures.
B. Concerns over spring's early arrival.
C. Early springtime's impacts on humans.
D. Disorder in the balance of ecosystems.

In which section of a magazine can we read this text？ ______

A. Medical Report.
B. Survival Stories.
C. Scientific Discoveries.
D. Natural environment.

Eat nuts,live longer.Researchers have found that those who eat a handful of peanuts every day significantly decrease their risk of dying from all causes compared to those who do not eat nuts.A new study concludes that all types of nuts seem to be protective.
Researcher Ying Bao is with the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University Medical School in Boston,Massachusetts.She and her colleagues looked at the impact of nut consumption by analyzing two huge studies that began in 1980 ----the Nurses' Health Study,which tracks the well-being of more than 76，000 women,and 42，000 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
Among the questions asked at the beginning of the studies was,"how frequently do you eat nuts？" The information was updated every two to four years.Bao says the participants were followed for three decades.
"What we observed is that people who eat more nuts are less likely to die over the next 30 years," said Bao."So,for example,if a person eats nuts once per day,that person has a 20 percent lower risk of dying."
Bao says eating a handful of nuts five or more times per week is associated with a 29 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease and an 11 percent lower risk of cancer death.A serving size is 28 grams.
Nuts contain nutrients,including high quality proteins,vitamins and minerals,all of which have anti-cancer effects and may help protect the heart.
Bao says researchers are planning studies to find out how nuts are beneficial to human health.
The study on the health benefits of nuts was funded by the International Tree Nut Council Research and Education Foundation.



People who often eat nuts ______ .

A. are more likely to live longer than people who often eat fruits
B. don't need to go to hospital
C. may live longer than people who don't eat nuts
D. don't have to do sports

The underlined word "well-being" in Paragraph 2 shares the same meaning as " ______ ".

A. illness
B. health
C. diet
D. habit

About Bao's research,which statement is true？ ______

A. She has done the research by herself.
B. Her research was based on two studies.
C. Her research lasted about three years.
D. People should eat all kinds of nuts every day.

The passage is most probably from a journal of ______ .

A. entertainment
B. diet
C. sports
D. science

Living the light life Many of us like to dine（吃饭）out and treat ourselves to delicious food.We are used to choosing hearty,fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts,which are not easily cooked at home.
The recent rise of light meals,however,gives diners a smarter choice.According to Economic Daily,low-calorie,low-fat and high-fiber（高纤维的） meals have become popular in China's restaurants and online delivery platforms.
The country saw a rapid expansion of restaurants specializing in light meals,from just 600 in 2017 to more than 3，500 in 2018.According to a report released by Meituan,a major online food delivery platform,the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.
Having a light meal,however,doesn't mean eating only vegetables.Different from the meat-free lifestyle,a typical light dish avoids oily,salty and spicy food.Instead,it contains things like boiled meat,whole grains,fruits and vegetables.Healthy nutrients （营养成分） are the theme of the light meal.
These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight.That's probably why so many people,especially millennials （千禧一代），are into them.Diners see it as "a great way to avoid bloating （变胖），" wrote the Telegraph.
"After eating several light meals,I felt my appetite has shrunk（缩小）.I now prefer light flavors,"Zou Jing,a college teacher in Wuhan,told China Daily.She shared a picture of her lunch：a mixture of beef,eggs,corn,mushrooms and cherry tomatoes.
These changes in eating behavior are connected to deeper changes in how people think about food,says Walter Willett,chair of the nutrition department at the Harvard T.Chan School of Public Health,US. "Diet quality,not quantity,is important for both weight control and long-term well-being," Willett told The New York Times.
So the next time you have a party with friends,try a light meal.It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.



What are light meals？ ______

A. Low-calorie and high-fiber meals.
B. Meat-free dishes.
C. Sugar-charged desserts.
D. Fat-filled dishes.

What is the main way that the author used to prove the popularity of light meals？ ______

A. Giving descriptions.
B. Giving examples.
C. Listing numbers.
D. Showing other people's opinions.

Why do many young people enjoy light meals,according to the article？ ______

A. They can help people control their weight.
B. They are simple and convenient.
C. They are cheaper than other meals.
D. They are usually colorful.

What do we know from the second to last paragraph？ ______

A. Light meals will stay popular for a while.
B. There is a change in attitude toward healthy eating.
C. One's eating habit shows their personality.
D. It's important to eat the right amount of good food.

Do you often listen to music at loud volumes（音量）？Over one billion（十亿）young people are at risk of hearing loss （失聪） because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time.Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes is harmful to your hearing.
The United Nations has standards for safe listening.It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels（dB 分贝）for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.
Loud noise is harmful to the inner ears（内耳）.Most of us are born with about 16，000 hair cells（听毛细胞） in our inner ears.However,listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die.This is what causes hearing loss.
Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud.But this can depend on where you are.For example,if you are in a noisy place like the subway,you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it.Later,when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place,you might feel uncomfortable.
The World Health Organization said the "safe level" for most sounds is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week.A level of 80 dB is roughly equal to（大约相当于） the noise of a subway.



Many young people are at risk of hearing loss because they ______ .

A. watch TV every day
B. listen to music every day
C. listen to loud noise in the subway
D. listen to loud noise for a long time

The sound level of a rock concert is about ______ .

A. 80 dB
B. 85 dB
C. 100 dB
D. 110 dB

What is loud noise harmful to？ ______

A. The inner ears.
B. The brain.
C. The heart.
D. The eyes.

What is the best title of the passage？ ______

A. Keep the Loud Volumes
B. Loud Noise Is Harmful to Hearing
C. The Risk of Listening to Music
D. Loud Noise Stops Ears from Working

It is reported that two thirds of our earth's oceans and three quarters of its land have been damaged by mankind.One million types of plants and animals could disappear by 2050，with a speed hundreds of times faster than over the last 10 million years.One fifth of all nations could see the environment on which we ourselves depend is being destroyed.
Our earth can only continue to support us if we protect its biodiversity（生物多样性）.It is the biological chain of plants and animals that hold our world together.Every life form,however tiny,is of great importance to the whole.Every breath of air we breathe and every mouthful of food that we take comes from the natural world.And if we damage the natural world,we damage ourselves.Indeed,the environment we live in is not only vital to our survival,but also powering the world's economy.The costs produced by our broken relationship with nature are rising every day.
The continuing destruction of the environment also quickens climate change and makes us feel weaker and even more vulnerable.The environment supports us,but climate change in turn harms the environment at the same time,making these two challenges two sides of the same coin.To make matters worse,damage to our ecosystems（生态系统）also has a bad effect on human health,by ruining our sources of food,medicine,water and oxygen.We even risk new diseases jumping from animals to humans.
From October 11-15，2021，world leaders gathered online for part one of COP-15（第十五届缔约 方会议），with the second part in face-to-face meetings in Kunming,from April 25 to May 8，2022.This is an extremely important moment to raise the level of ambition and commitments for nature.
Saving biodiversity is to save ourselves.What is needed most is a global plan to protect biodiversity,with new goals for the next decade that all countries support and provide money for the project.



What can be inferred from the first paragraph？ ______

A. Our planet we all live on is in great danger.
B. The damage to the environment is reducing.
C. Animals and plants have been existing peacefully.
D. Four-fifths of the countries create good environment.

What does the underlined word vulnerable in the third paragraph mean？ ______

A. optimistic
B. easily-hurt
C. extraordinary
D. realistic

What is the worst effect caused by the environmental destruction？ ______

A. Air and water pollution.
B. Abnormal usage of oxygen.
C. Lack of food and medicine.
D. Diseases from animals to humans.

What is the best title of the passage？ ______

A. New ways to develop new energy.
B. Methods to prevent and cure COVID-19.
C. Measures to raise money to control water pollution.
D. International cooperation to protect biodiversity Worldwide.