选择知识点

I like my close friends a lot, and yet, on an almost daily basis, they shocked me. I have a friend who thinks voting is a waste of time; I have another friend who never takes any arrangement to meet at a given time and place seriously.

It’s generally held that friends are people with whom we choose to develop relationships because we find their personalities agreeable, or similar to our own, but experience regularly is opposite to this. What is a friend, really? All that one can safely say is that a friend is someone one likes and wishes to see again.

The truth is that we don’t know our friends. Many studies show that we tend to think our friends agree with us more than they really do. The striking part is that the problem doesn’t appear to lessen as a friendship deepens. When the researchers Michael Gill and Bill Swann questioned students sharing rooms, they found that, as time passed, people became even more confident in the accuracy of their judgments about the other, and yet, in reality, the judgments grew no more accurate. Two people might become dear friends, yet possibly know little about many areas of each other’s inner lives.

This seems strange, until you consider, that many of the benefits that friendship provides don’t necessarily depend on perfect familiarity; they come from something closer to trust. Friendship may be less about being drawn to someone’s personality than about finding someone willing to keep you company, or lend an ear. A friend provides the “social-identity support” we desire. You needn’t be a close match with someone, nor deeply familiar with their mind. We don’t base friendships on what we learn about people; we decide what to learn about people, and what to ignore, based on having decided to be friends.

Perhaps there’s something moving about viewing friendship as an agreement to keep each other company, ignore each other’s faults and not probe (刨根问底) too deeply in ways that might weaken the friendship. Perhaps a true friend is someone who doesn’t ask many awkward questions.

(1) Why does the author tell the stories of his two friends in the first paragraph?

  

A. To provide background information.

B. To stress the importance of friendship.

C. To show the difference between friends.

D. To introduce the topic of the passage.

(2) It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

  

A. close friends usually know each other in depth

B. real friends are people you like but don’t wish to see often

C. we do not necessarily share personalities with close friends

D. the longer we stay with friends, the more accurately we judge them

(3) Which statement about friends will the author probably accept?

  

A. Stay friends but keep a distance.

B. It takes a long time to grow an old friend.

C. Real friends will tell you when your face is dirty.

D. True friends know all about you and still like you.

It was ____my confidence for public speaking that I took the course，not to improve performance in examinations．（　　）

-Is there any power left in your cell phone？Mine is dying．
-Oh，sorry!There is _____ left in my cell phone，either．（　　）

________ the high mountain，where you see the whole city．（　　）

Frequently single-parent children ____ some of the responsibilities that the absent adult in the house would have served．（　　）

-Am I bothering you？
-No．_____，I like you to accompany me．（　　）

His sister had become a teacher，______ was what he wanted to be．（　　）

Dogs and other hairy mammals shake at just the right frequencies to get rid of water most quickly from their bodies-and directly on to any unlucky humans nearby．Mice do it．So do tigers and pandas．These animals really know how to shake．Frequency is the number of cycles-movements back and forth-per second．
Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta recently recorded videos of 40different animals，standing for 15different species．The scientists wanted to see how wet，hairy mammals shake off water after they get wet．The scientists say the animals shake at just the right frequencies to lose water drops as quickly as possible．"I think it's pretty amazing that they can do that，"David Hu，one of the scientists，said．
This study was led by Andrew Dickerson，a graduate student in Hu's lab．His team calls this get-dry shake"nature's analogy（类似） to the spin cycle of a washing machine"．Both the washing machine and shaking animals can get rid of water quickly-but animals are much faster than washing machines．For animals，this process helps them control heat in their bodies．
"If a dog couldn't dry itself，it would have to use 25percent of its daily calories to heat its body to get rid of the water，"Hu said．"Every time they got wet they would get hypothermia and die．"
The bigger the animal，the slower it shakes，according to Dickerson and his team．A mouse moves its body back and forth 27times per second，but a bear shakes only four times per second．
Animals'skin also helps them get rid of water．The scientists are continuing to look at how animals interact with water in the natural world．In particular，the scientists want to know how water interacts with hair-which means studying animals that have got used to life in the water，like beavers and otters．

(1) Which of the following animals is not likely to be studied in the experiments？ ______

A. A panda．

B. A tiger．

C. A cat．

D. A snake．

(2) What can we learn from the passage？ ______

A. Professor David Hu led the study．

B. A dog shakes off water at a higher speed than a washing machine．

C. Animals shake off water to keep themselves cool．

D. A dog shakes off water faster than a mouse．

(3) How did David Hu feel about the video？ ______

A. Surprised．

B. Encouraged．

C. Excited．

D. Amused．

(4) Which of the following does hypothermia probably refer to？ ______

A. a disease caused by hunger

B. a disease caused by getting too hot．

C. a disease caused by getting too cold．

D. a disease caused by shaking too fast．

Afternoon tea became popular about 150years ago，when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea．Usually taken in the late afternoon，it is also called"low tea"as it is served at a low table．Since this isn't a meal，but rather like a late afternoon snack，finger foods such as sandwiches，scones and pastries are common．People are not merely taking tea to get nutrition or satisfy hunger，but to take time to relax，chat and enjoy the company of dear friends．In England，the traditional time for tea is four or five o'clock in the afternoon and no one stays after seven o'clock．
This very British tradition is said to have been started around 1840by Duchess Anna Maria，wife of the 7^th Duke of Bedford，England．During the long time between an early breakfast and very late dinner，she experienced what she called" a sinking feeling"at about 4or 5in the afternoon．So she asked her maid to bring her a pot of tea，a little bread and butter and cake in her room．She found this arrangement so pleasing that she began asking her friends to join her．
High tea，a term often mixed with afternoon tea，usually takes the place of supper．In the past the British working population did not have afternoon tea．They had meals about noon and after work between five and seven o'clock．The table would be set with dinner foods like meat，bread，butter，potatoes，cheese and of course tea．It was called"high tea"because it was eaten at a high dining table rather than a low tea table．
How much do people enjoy the afternoon tea moment？As a famous writer named Henry James said，"There are few hours in life greater than the hour dedicated to（献给） the ceremony known as afternoon tea．"

(1) Who started the tradition of high tea according to the passage？ ______

A. Duchess Anna Maria	B. the 7th Duke of Bedford
C. Henry James	D. Some unknown working people

(2) What does the underlined phrase"a sinking feeling"probably refer to？ ______

A. a feeling of being bored

B. a feeling of hunger

C. a feeling of missing friends

D. a feeling of shyness

(3) Why does the writer mention Henry James'words？ ______

A. To tell us how the name"afternoon tea"came．

B. To tell us that afternoon is in fact a ceremony．

C. To show how popular afternoon tea is．

D. To show the difference between afternoon tea and high tea．

(4) Which of the following statements about high tea is true according to the passage？ ______

A. High tea got its name because it was eaten at a high dining table．

B. Finger foods such as sandwiches and scones are common for high tea．

C. High tea is served between breakfast and lunchtime．

D. High tea has taken the place of low tea as afternoon tea．

Do you have memories of being kidnapped （绑架） by aliens （外星人） and taken away rapidly in a spaceship？You wouldn't be alone．Several thousand people worldwide reported to have had such experiences，researchers say．But in a new study，a psychology expert at London's Goldsmiths College says these experiences are proof of the weakness of the human memory，rather than evidence of life in outer space．
"Maybe what we're dealing with here is false memories，and not that people are actually being kidnapped and taken aboard spaceships，"says Professor Chris French，who surveyed 19so-called victims．
Several of the victims reported being taken away from their beds or cars by alien creatures around four feet high，with long and lean arms and legs and oversized heads，French said．Some men said they were forced to take painful medical examinations by the aliens．
Many of the alien experiences could be explained by sleep paralysis，a condition in which a person is awake and aware of the surroundings but is unable to move．Sleep paralysis often leads to hallucinations-the experience of seeing or feeling something that is not really there and 40percent of people experience the state at least once in their lives，French said．A rich imagination was also at play．Several of the alien victims were more likely to fantasize and reported to have seen ghosts （幽灵） and have unnatural abilities．
"People have very rich fantasy lives，"said French，who is due to present his findings at a public seminar at London's Science Museum on Wednesday．"So much that they often mix up what's happening in their heads with what is going on in the real world．"

(1) According to Chris French，if someone told you an alien experience again，you might ______ ．

A. believe the story	B. just laugh it away
C. wonder why	D. report it to the police

(2) The underlined word"fantasize"in Paragraph 4probably means ______ ．

A. use vivid imagination	B. tell the truth
C. have good memories	D. make up excuses

(3) What is the author's attitude towards alien experiences？ ______

A. Puzzling．

B. Supportive．

C. Respectful．

D. Opposed

(4) Where can this passage probably be found？ ______

A. A science magazine．	B. A textbook．
C. A science fiction．	D. A storybook．