选择知识点

For generations， students were taught to stretch before playing games． Then the practice fell out of favor． Studies seemed to show that such stretching temporarily reduces muscular power， weakens athletic performance and increases the risk of injury． So a majority of fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise． But now a new research indicates that they might not be such a bad idea after all．
This month， the journal， Applied Physiology， Nutrition and Metabolism（APNM）， published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise． In broad terms， they found that stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power． So if you reach for your toes and hold that position， tightening your hamstrings（腿筋）， you might not then be able to leap as high or start a dash as forcefully as you don't stretch．
Those undesirable effects were generally found， however， only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active， with no further warm-up． "Most people are unlikely to hold a warm-up stretch for longer than about 30 seconds．" Dr． McHugh， the co-author of the study says． The review found few lasting negative impacts from these short stretches， especially if the volunteers followed that stretching with several minutes of jogging or other basic warm-up movements． In fact， these short stretches turned out to have a positive effect．
Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match？ "Not necessarily，" Dr． McHugh says， "Runners and cyclists don't have much risk for acute muscle injuries．" They can warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly． But he suggests that people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance． Those who haven't stretched since childhood gym class might want to consider consulting an athletic trainer about the best upper and lower body stretches．



Which of the following statements agrees with most fitness experts？ ______

A. Before playing a game you should stretch your legs and arms．
B. After attending a match you should stretch your legs and arms．
C. It's harmful to stretch your legs and arms before playing games．
D. It doesn't matter whether you stretch or not before playing games．

According to the new research， people may suffer negative impacts when ______ ．

A. they do stretches after attending a game
B. they reach for toes and hold that position
C. following a stretch with several minutes" jogging
D. dashing immediately after one 60-second plus stretch

We can learn from the passage that ______ ．

A. all athletes should not stretch in advance
B. the four scientists published the journal APNM
C. it's unnecessary for a tennis player to do warm-up stretches
D. players ought to have done warm-up stretches since childhood

What's Dr． McHugh's attitude toward stretches？ ______

A. Concerned．
B. Suspicious．
C. Indifferent．
D. Objective．

Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle． Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem． Over the past 10years， developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality． Now， two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon．
The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype （原型） of its flying bicycle． Grant Stapleton， marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics， says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly． It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed， he adds．
Mr． Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern． He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors （ 交叠式旋翼 ）to power the vehicle．
The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike， which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams．
In New Zealand， the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device， called the Jetpack． It can fly for more than 30 minutes， up to 1，000 meters high and reach a speed of 74kilometers per hour．
Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company． He said the Jetpack "is built around safety from the start． In his words， reliability is the most important element of it． We have safety built into the actual structure itself， very similar to a Formula One racing car．"
The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams． Mr． Coker says it also has a parachute （降落伞） that can be used should there be an emergency． " It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot，" he adds． Mr． Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon．



We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike ______ ．

A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly
B. can fly for over 30 minutes， up to 1，000 meters high
C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams
D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed

The writer uses the example of For One racing car to show that ______ ．

A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable
B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful
C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique
D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height

The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ______ ．

A. the jet stream
B. the engine
C. the Jetpack
D. the parachute

What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage？ ______

A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles．
B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles．
C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles．
D. To advertise the two personal flying vehicles．

Children have their own rules in playing games．They seldom need a referee and rarely trouble to keep scores．They don't care much about who wins or loses，and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished．Yet，they like games that depend a lot on luck，so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared．They also enjoy games that move in stages，in which each stage，the choosing of leaders，the picking-up of sides，or the determining of which side shall start，is almost a game in itself．
Grown-ups can hardly find children's games exciting，and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again．However，it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons．He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid．He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn．He can be confident，too，in particular games，that it is his place to give orders，to pretend to be dead，to throw a ball actually at someone，or to kiss someone he has caught．
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control．Everyone knows the rules，and more importantly，everyone plays according to the rules．Those rules may be childish，but they make sure that every child has a chance to win．



What is true about children when they play games？ ______

A. They don't need rules．
B. They want to pick a better team．
C. They can test their personal abilities．
D. they can stop playing any time they like．

To become a leader in a game the child has to ______ ．

A. play well
B. wait for his turn
C. be confident in himself
D. be popular among his playmates

What do we know about grown-ups？ ______

A. They are not interested in games．
B. They find children's games too easy．
C. They don't need a reason to play games．
D. They don't understand children's games．

Why does a child like playing games？ ______

A. Because he can be someone other than himself．
B. Because he can become popular among friends．
C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games．
D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game．

Mrs． Jones was my first patient when I started medical school-and I owe her a lot．
She was under my care for the first two years of my medical training， yet I knew very little about her，except that she was thin， perhaps in her mid 70s． It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts of my patient ，but I had a valid reason-Mrs． Jones was dead， and had been dead for about three years before I made a patient of her． Mrs． Jones was the dead body that I dissected（解剖）over the first two years of my medical training．
Of course， her name wasn't really Mrs． Jones， but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting research into someone's body without even knowing its name， so out of courtesy， I thought she should have one． "Me and Mrs． Jones， we've got a thing going on，" went the song coming out of the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day - and so she was christened．
As the months passed， I soon forgot that Mrs． Jones had， in fact， once been alive． One day， though， she suddenly became very human again． I'd been dissecting Mrs． Jones a good 18 months before I got around to the uterus（子宫）． After I'd removed it， the professor came up to me， "If you look at the opening carefully， you'll see that the angle indicates that this woman has had several children， probably three．" I stared at it， and I suddenly felt very strange． This woman， who had given me something incredibly precious that I'd begun to take for granted， wasn't a dead body． She was a person， a mother， in fact．
At my graduation， the same professor came over to congratulate me． I explained the story about Mrs． Jones to him， and recalled what he'd told me about her having children and how that had affected me all those years ago．
"Well，" he said， "at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it into a person． Now you're a doctor， the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead body，" and he laughed， shook my hand and walked away．



Why didn't the author know much about Mrs． Jones？ ______

A. Because he was irresponsible for his patients．
B. Because he wasn't allowed to ask for her privacy．
C. Because he didn't know her until she passed away．
D. Because he was too careless while dissecting her．

How did Mrs． Jones get her name？ ______

A. It was passed down from the seniors of my school．
B. It came from a song being played when we first met．
C. She was named after a well-known singer I liked best
D. It just occurred to me when I opened the bag of her．

What could be the author's feeling for Mrs． Jones now？ ______

A. Grateful．
B. Pitiless．
C. Hateful．
D. Guilty．

What did the professor imply by his words in the last paragraph？ ______

A. Medical students are able to bring the dead back to life．
B. Being a doctor has nothing to do with the medical training．
C. Good doctors never fail to save their patients from dying．
D. Medical staff ought to have respect for life and humanity．