选择知识点

C

   The clothes you wear. The food you eat. The color of your bedroom walls. Where you go and how you get there. The people you hang around with. What time you go to bed. What do these things have in common? You’re asking. They’re just a few examples of many hundreds of things that your parents controlled for you when you were a child.

   As a kid, you didn’t have a say in everything; your parents made decisions about everything from the cereal you ate in the morning to pajamas you wore at night. And it’s a good thing, too --- kids need this kind of protection on their own.

   But finally, kids grow up and become teens. And part of being a teen is developing your own identity--- one that is separate from your parents’. But as you change and grow into this new person who makes his own decisions, your parents have a difficult time adjusting(调整).

   In most families, it is this adjustment that can cause a lot of fighting between teens and parents. And issues like the type of friends you have or your attitudes to partying can cause bigger argum ents, because your parents still always want to protect you and keep you safe, no matter how old you are.

   The good news about fighting with your parents get more comfortable with the idea that their teens have a right to certain opinions. It can take several years for parents and teens to adjust to their new roles, though. In the meantime, focus on communicating with your parents.

   Sometimes this can feel impossible --- like they just don’t see your point of view and never will. But talking and expressing your opinions can help you gain more respect from your parents.

   Keep in mind, too, that your parents were teens once and that in most cases, they can relate to what you’re going through.

(1) In the first two paragraphs, the writer _______.

A. complains that parents control kids too much

B. proves that kids have no right to give their opinions

C. describes how carefully parents look after kids

D. explains that it is necessary for parents to control kids

(2) A lot of fighting breaks out between teens and parents because_______.

A. parents aren’t used to losing control of kids

B. teens like to have everything decided

C. parents blame teens for not respecting them

D. teens are eager to develop their own identity

(3) The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 may refer to “________”.

A. arguing with friends

B. fighting with your parents

C. communicating with parents

D. adjusting to new roles

(4) In the writer’s opinion, parents control teens in order to ________.

A. prevent them from having their own ideas

B. protect them from being hurt

C. make them respect parents in the family

D. make sure that children have a good future

       The airline lost your baggage. The hotel laundry ruined your favorite shirt. The taxi driver asked for more money. When you’re abroad, sometimes things go wrong. Now you can do something about it! Use these tips when you want to express an effective complaint in English.

      No matter how unfair the situation is, it’s best to express your complaint politely. In English, you’ll sound more polite if you use indirect language. Here are some examples:

      “I’m sorry to bother you...” Starting a complaint like this puts the listener who may have heard many complaints that day at ease. Use this phrase if the situation isn’t that serious. For example, “I’m sorry to bother you, but I wanted a baked potato, not fried.”

      “Can you help me with this?” Everyone would rather be asked to do something than told! So try expressing your complaint as a request for help: “Can you help me with this? My shirt came back from the laundry without buttons.”

      “I’m afraid there may be a misunderstanding.” This is a polite way of saying, “Your information is wrong. Please fix it now.” You’ll most likely use this phrase if you made reservations(预定) for a flight, hotel or restaurant, and when you arrive, it’s not what you expected. For example, “I’m afraid there may be a misunderstanding. I requested a non-smoking room.”

      “I understand it’s not your fault...” Often when you make a complaint, you deal with a person who was not directly responsible for the problem. But the problem isn’t your fault, either! This phrase is helpful when you need swift action. Tell the person you’re dealing with that you understand they’re not at fault and then directly state the problem: “I understand it’s not your fault, but the airline promised they would deliver my baggage yesterday.”

      “Excuse me, but I understood that...” Using this phrase lets the person know you’re well-informed and doubt they might be trying to take advantage of you. Don’t say, “Hey! You’re trying to cheat me!” Instead, start indirectly  by stating what you know to be true: “I understood that the taxi ride to the airport was only 25 dollars.” Then give them a chance to do the right thing  .

(1) What’s the purpose of this passage?

A. To give an introduction of life abroad.

B. To offer advice on giving complaints in English.

C. To give suggestions on how to learn English.

D. To offer guides to those who travel around the world.

(2) According to the passage, if we meet an unfair situation, we’d better _____.

A. use direct language to make others understand

B. go for the police immediately

C. state our complaints politely

D. fight against the one who is responsible

(3) Why should we start a complaint with polite phrases?

A. Because the situation is never serious.

B. Because the listener may not speak English.

C. Because we should be always in good manners abroad.

D. Because it can help solve the problem more easily.

(4) Several effective complaints in English are mentioned above EXCEPT _____.

A. “Can you help me with this?”

B. “I understand it's not your fault.”

C. “I’m afraid there may be a misunderstanding.”

D. “Hey! You’re trying to cheat me!”

Communication is an essential part of human existence. However, not all of us are born with great personal relationship skills. In fact, a lot of people are afraid of talking to others or in front of a crowd for several reasons including physical disabilities(残疾), lack of knowledge, and emotional hindrances(障碍). If you want to get over your poor conversation habits, here are some useful tips you should practice:
Talk about interesting general subjects. Topics that are too specific may not be appealing to everyone. Current issues or news items are perfect starters because you can be sure that other people are aware of them.
Do not be afraid of conversational taboos(禁忌). However, know your limitations. Topics such as religion and politics can be discussed without debating. Often, key issues, especially those that take sides, make the best conversations.
Discuss, do not argue. State facts and opinions politely, but do not force other people to accept what you believe in. At the same time, be open to their viewpoints. After all, the purpose of a conversation is to exchange views and information.
Listen. Like relationships, conversations should have a give-and-take pattern. Allow other people to speak their opinions without constant interruptions(打断). Pay attention and focus on every detail they say. An interest in another person’s point of view is absolutely essential.
Stay with the subject. Do not move from topic to topic. Try to explore an issue with reasonably and completely.
Say what you think. Do not be afraid to agree or disagree on a particular issue. A certain amount of honest disagreement establishes(建立)mutual (相互的) respect.
Do not panic when there is a pause. You do not have to rush in to fill every little pocket of silence. Pauses are a necessary part of every good conversation. They refresh (恢复) the communicators’ minds and provide an opportunity to collect one’s thoughts before taking part in the discussion again.

(1) Which of the following can be thought of as a poor conversation habit?

A. Listening and constantly breaking in to discuss.

B. Opening up an interesting general topic.

C. Telling other people your opinion when you disagree.

D. Discussing with others based on facts.

(2) We can infer that when communicating with other people, you should avoid ________.

A. honest disagreement

B. conversational taboos

C. changing others’ opinions

D. staying with the same topic

(3) Pauses are necessary for people in a conversation to ______.

A. establish mutual respect

B. explore an issue thoroughly

C. prepare for the next topic

D. avoid arguing with others

(4) By writing the passage, the author intends to tell us ______.

A. how to get rid of emotional hindrances

B. reasons for poor conversation

C. how to communicate with others

D. useful tips on conversation topics​

It is often said that you cannot “teach an old dog new tricks”, but three New Zealand dogs have decided to prove otherwise by learning a skill—driving a car!

　　What’s even more impressive is that the three who have become skilled in just eight weeks are not special dogs that belong to some rich owners, but abandoned ones at New Zealand’s SPCA.

　　To get their training started, 10-month-old Porter, 18-month-old Monty and one-year-old Ginny were selected from a pool of seven potential candidates and moved to Animal Q, a talent agency that teaches animals tricks for movies and television shows.

　　The driving classes began with teaching the dogs some basic driving techniques like turning the steering wheels(方向盘)and applying the brakes. After that the dogs practiced everything they had learnt behind the wheels of a motorized(装上发动机的)car. Then finally, it was time for the big test-driving a real car!

　　Human cars are not really built for four-legged animals, so the car they drove was adjusted so that the dogs could sit comfortably and easily reach the steering wheel with their paws.

　　Though they all seemed to do very well, the real test came on Monday night when Monty, the best driver of the three, showed his great driving skill on live television.

　　Why would the SPCA go through so much trouble to highlight the skills of homeless dogs? The reason is to show that adopting a dog from a shelter does not mean owners are getting a pet that is worse than one purchased from a keeper. The CEO of the SPCA is hoping that this unusual event will be enough to convince the residents of New Zealand to consider them, when searching for a pet.

　　We surely hope so, meanwhile we are almost certain that these three pioneers have at least landed their names in the Guinness World Records, creating a category that probably does not even exist today!

(1) Who do the three dogs belong to?

A. Some rich owners.

B. Animal Q.

C. A shelter.

D. A zoo.

(2) The car the dogs drove was adjusted 　　　.

A. because it was too big for the dogs to drive

B. because it had no steering wheels and brakes

C. to ensure the dogs could sit comfortably and drive easily

D. to motorize the car and turn it to be a real one

(3) Why does the SPCA decide to teach the three dogs to learn to drive a car?

A. To prove old dogs can learn new tricks.

B. To teach them performing tricks for movies and television shows.

C. To provide amusing performances for homeless children.

D. To encourage people to adopt the abandoned dogs.

(4) The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 7 refers to“ 　　　”.

A. the leaders of the SPCA

B. the residents of New Zealand

C. all kinds of pets

D. homeless dogs

The value of one's life should be ______ by how much good he does for society，not how long he lives in the world.

Recently, in the hope of earning both money and social experience, I became a door-to-door salesman. I once read a saying: “If somebody wants something of you, you will be treated as warmly as spring, but if they don’t , you may be treated as coldly as winter.” You may consider it an exaggeration(夸张), but if you are a salesman, it is clearly correct.
You would never have found it to be so true if you hadn’t been a salesman. You needn’t stand doubtful looks and unfriendly views; you needn’t listen to something completely wrong and nod to say that it was quite right; you needn’t always keep patience and smile; you needn’t repeat the same sentences over again; you needn’t talk to somebody you dislike.
I did this work for a month; then I decided to give it up. In spite of the above reasons, I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. The latest test result proved that my grades were getting lower. Even worse, I hadn’t enough time to join my classmates in college activities. Sometimes I felt lonely and unhappy because of both my study and my part-time job. Now I don’t think it is worth doing such a thing even though I was earning money.
Newspapers and magazines often publish stories about good students who do part-time work and keep high scores in class. But according to my experience, part-time work can have some strong bad effects on study.
Most students don’t see the relationship between studies and work in a correct way. In my opinion, if it isn’t a must for money reasons, students should be careful about taking up a part-time job. In western countries even the children of very rich families take part in hard jobs during the summer vacation.

(1) Why did the writer take up the job as a salesman according to the text?

A. Because he had too much spare time.

B. Because he wanted to make money and gain some experience.

C. Because he could stand doubtful looks and unfriendly views.

D. Because he wasn’t interested in his lessons at school.

(2) Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “sacrificing”?

A. using

B. spending

C. losing

D. getting

(3) What caused the writer to give up his part-time job?

A. He often didn’t plan to take part in some college activities.

B. He paid too much attention to the job and his grades got lower.

C. Sometimes he felt lonely staying at home alone.

D. He had so many people he disliked around him.

(4) Who should take part-time jobs according to the text above?

A. Every college student

B. Those who want to get study experience

C. Those from very rich

D. Those in great need of money families

A

        On Jan.23, 2012, I was aboard a ship on the Yangtze River, listening to the sound of fireworks and eating plate after plate of dumplings.

       On Sunday Feb. 10, 2013, I was preparing to celebrate Chinese New Year again—in London's Chinatown. It was raining. It was cold. But ever since I left Beijing in August，I had promised myself I would celebrate Chinese New Year—if only to help with my Beijing “homesickness”．

      Central London was dressed up for the occasion. There was a stage for a big fireworks display for the evening. Even so，it wasn't like my real Beijing chunjie. Even buying a jiaozi didn't cheer me up. It cost about 10 times as much as the real thing does in Beijing and got stuck to its rain－ruined paper bag.

     Cold, wet and depressed, I ran into a shop for shelter. Suddenly，there it was. Between the packets of dried meat and fish, the bags of rice and the smell of dried noodles in this little Chinese supermarket，I found home.

     An hour later，I hurried into my house with bags of frozen jiaozi，packets of sauce（酱汁） and a large bottle of vinegar（醋）from the Chinese supermarket. I boiled water, tore open the packets, grabbed my chopsticks and settled down to a feast(盛宴). This, I thought，was a happy Chinese New Year. I even watched the fireworks on TV. After all, why face the British bad weather when I can bring China home in one bite?     

(1) We can conclude from the first two paragraphs that the author________.

A. misses her life in China very much

B. likes watching fireworks on the boat

C. finds it no fun to celebrate Chinese New Year

D. misses Chinese food more than anything else

(2) How did the author feel when she found some Chinese foods in a supermarket?

A. Rather tired.	B. A bit comfortable.
C. A little curious.	D. Very depressed.

(3) Why did the author watch the fireworks on TV?

A. She was too hungry to go out.

B. The square was far away from where she lived.

C. She didn't like fireworks very much.

D. She didn't want to get wet and cold again.

C

The Beagle Brigade

   When returning to the United States from a trip abroad, passengers will have their baggage inspected at U.S. airports by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Beagle Brigade, a team of beagles and their human partners. Working with their human partners, the beagles search for agricultural products carrying diseases and pests which are likely to infect American agriculture.

   An orange or apple, for example, might harbor a Mediterranean fruit fly. Ham could carry a disease such as cholera. These and other pests could do harm to farmers’ crops. “Once we introduce something that is not part of the environment, there may not be any controls for it in the environment,” notes USDA’s Lisa Davis at the National Dog Detector Training Center in Orlando, Florida. “The best thing for us to do is to prevent it from coming across the border and spreading.”

    When a beagle smells food smells, it signals its partner by sitting there. The human partners then investigate. When the dog is right--which happens 90 percent of the time—it gets something to eat.

  “The dog is not out there working,” explains Davis. “It’s out there playing. It’s a game to the dog.” The partners give the beagles plenty of food and loving. They make sure they get first-class medical attention, too. When the dogs finally retire after 9 to 11 years, the USDA finds caring homes for them. It’s a dog’s life indeed!

   Their people partners work and study somewhat harder. As specialized quarantine(检疫) officers, most hold degrees in the biological sciences or related sciences.

   How well does the Beagle Brigade do its job? “On the average,” notes Davis, “each year our 54 teams prevent around 75,000, restricted(限制的) items.” Since even one infected item could cause widespread destruction, that’s a great result for America’s agricultural environment.

(1) The beagles at the airport in the USA are used to __________.

A. help inspect the baggage brought from abroad

B. stop the local products from being taken abroad

C. conduct the check on foreign passengers’ baggage

D. keep their people partners safe

(2) What will the beagle do when it finds a possible food product?

A. Play a game.

B. Bark and run around it.

C. Draw it to its partner.

D. Signal by sitting next to it.

(3) How does the last paragraph mainly develop?

A. By listing the restricted food.

B. By providing the facts.

C. By analyzing the result.

D. By using examples.

(4) What is the author’s attitude towards the use of beagles?

A. Curious.

B. Uninterested.

C. Positive.

D. Doubtful.

D

    Advances in health, education and disease prevention and treatments are making human life longer. But what you may not know is that some seemingly unimportant things can also influence how long and how well you’ll live. Here is the latest research on longevity signs.

    Sign 1: Your Mom Had You Young

   If she was under age 25, you’re twice as likely to live to 100 as someone born to an older mom. They think that younger moms produce healthier babies.

   Sign 2: You’re a Tea Lover

   Both green tea and black tea contain catechins(儿茶酚), something that helps blood vessels(血管) relax and protects your heart.

   Sign 3: You’d Rather Walk

 “Fit” people— defined as those who walk for about 30 minutes a day— are more likely to live longer than those who walk less. So take a walk during your lunch hour, do exercise around the field while your kid is at soccer practice— try by hook or by crook to move a little more, every day.

   Sign 4: You Have Strong Legs

   Lower-body strength translates into good balance, flexibility and power, which, as you get older, play an important part in reducing your risk of falls and injuries, leading to better health. Now you see, it is necessary to strengthen your lower-body. But the question is: how?

(1) Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Green tea contains more catechins than black tea.

B. The more you walk, the longer you live.

C. Generally, the younger the moms, the healthier the babies.

D. Low-body strength is the most important factor for longevity.

(2) The underlined phrase is closest in meaning to “       ”.

A. try any possible means

B. use some tools

C. choose carefully

D. work out new ways

(3) According to the text, your longevity is affected by things such as       .

a. lower-body strength b. disease treatments c. your mom’s age d. living habits

A. a, b, c	B. b, c, d
C. a, b, d	D. a, c, d

(4) What is the passage mainly about?

A. How advanced science helps people live longer.

B. How women give birth to healthy babies.

C. Signs that tell you your health condition.

D. The new discoveries of longevity signs.

The stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration. They are important to our development. But sometimes people choose not to tell.

    Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.

    There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it like this, “The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie (妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free.”  

There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret—especially those that embarrass someone else.

Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.

Honesty and openness is important: It proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development. Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.

    Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage, and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.

(1) What’s the function of the example in Paragraph 2?

A. It reflects that people are concerned about the spread of Ebola.

B. It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.

C. It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.

D. It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.

(2) Which is close in meaning to the underlined word “uncorked” in Paragraph 3?

A. freed

B. broken

C. closed

D. covered

(3) One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share experiences is that __________________.

A. story-sharinghighlightstheimportance of hard work.

B.  people are used to exposing their weaknesses.

C.  people sometimes have no courage to share their stories.

D. some stories make themselves feel uneasy.

(4) The writer aims to persuade us to _____________________________.

A. beopentopeople close to you by sharing some secrets.

B.  share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves.

C.  remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories.​

D.  realize the importance of being honest when making friends.