选择知识点

Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands and watching the sun move quietly into the sea， you shouldn't forget that Charles Darwin （1809-1882）arrived here in 1835． He stayed on the islands for five weeks， observing various animals． This finally inspired（启发）his famous work， On the Origin of Species． You can certainly follow Darwin's footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands．
The islands are certainly a paradise for wildlife， as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control． Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago， each day is as impressive as it could be．
The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise（巨型海龟）， which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz， the second largest island in the archipelago（群岛）． Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself．
Despite strict control over activities and timing， your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures： diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you； feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim； and， most magically， seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air．
Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin， you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world． At night you will sleep on board the ship， leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands， which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time．



What do we know about Darwin's visit to the islands？ ______

A. He studied different creatures on the islands．
B. He completed his famous book on the islands．
C. He was touched by the geography of the islands．
D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands．

Which of the following plays a role in making the islands "a paradise for wildlife"？ ______

A. Animals on the islands feed on grass．
B. Local government forbids killing wildlife．
C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish．
D. Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals．

Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of ______ ．

A. the beautiful sea views
B. Darwin's inspiring trip
C. a closer view of animals
D. various daring activities

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ ______

A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers
B. Galapagos as a Paradise for Adventures
C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos
D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection

Many Chinese people have awakened their interest in classical Chinese poetry recently thanks to a popular TV show that aims to "appreciate classical Chinese poetry， explore cultural genes and enjoy the beauty of life" by combining traditional literary form with light-hearted TV quizzes．
The ten-episode "Chinese Poetry Competition"，since its broadcast， has been praised for injecting vitality（活力） into TV programs with fantastic performances of contestants， impressive comments from judges as well as its innovative interactive mode． In the show， poems can be adapted into songs or depicted（描绘） through artistic pictures． Any contestant who can memorize the largest number of poems may not necessarily be the final winner， while fast reaction and usage of poems matter a lot more in the competition．
Wu Yishu， a 16-year-old student from the High School Attached to Fudan University in Shanghai， is the champion of this season． Her rich knowledge of classical poetry impressed everyone and she rose to become famous online． In an earlier episode， Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section． She amazingly recited lines from the Classic of Poetry（《诗经》）， the earliest collection of poems in China．
"Learning poems isn't about winning or losing． The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world，" said Li Bo， an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Competition's second season．
When it comes to teaching people about poetry， Li Dingguang， the show's academic advisor， suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic（审美的） and emotional sides， and guide students to lose themselves in the poems" rhythmic and rhyming（押韵的） lines．
"Although the proportion（比例） of ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased， many students still learn them for exams，" Li Dingguang said．"Therefore， it's important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry．"



The TV show has been produced to ______ ．

A. appreciate classical Chinese poetry and cherish our traditional culture
B. shape people‘s view of life and develop their inner world
C. help students learn poems for exams
D. explore cultural genes and enjoy classical Chinese poetry and life

What do we know about the TV show？ ______

A. Only by memorizing as many poems as possible can a contestant win the quiz．
B. Poems can be adapted into any form of art in the show．
C. The TV show has aroused people's interest in classical Chinese poetry．
D. Fantastic performances of contestants matter most．

Which of the following may Li Dingguang agree with？ ______

A. The beauty of the poetry should be explained more from the aesthetic and emotional sides．
B. Students should memorize the poems" rhythmic and rhyming lines．
C. The main duty of teachers is to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry．
D. There will be more and more ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools．

The underlined word "wowed" in the third paragraph probably means ______ ．

A. excited
B. impressed
C. puzzled
D. inspired

The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action． For the first time， the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2°C．
This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations． Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions． In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports， we reveal just how deep this injustice runs．
Developed nations such as Australia， the United States， Canada， and European countries are essentially climate "free-riders"： causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions， while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water． In other words， a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels， while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change．
On the flip side， there are many "forced riders"， who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem． Many of the world's most climate vulnerable countries， the majority of which are African or small island states， produce a very small quantity of emissions． This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke， while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health．
The Paris agreement has been widely welcomed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all， although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as sketchy．
The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2°C is praiseworthy but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks arc very unlikely to deliver on this．
More than ﹩ 100billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions． However， the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions， effectively ignoring historical emissions． There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or， importantly， who is responsible for their provision． Securing these funds， and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries．
The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most． There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change．
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers．



The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because ______ ．

A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations
B. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2°C only
C. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D. it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility

Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free-riders"？ ______

A. They needn't worry about the food and water they consume．
B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change．
C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused．
D. They are free from the greenhouse affects affecting "forced riders"．

Why does the author compare the "forced riders" to second-hand smokers？ ______

A. They have little responsibility for public health problems．
B. They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions．
C. They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for．
D. They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting．

What urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement？ ______

A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative．
B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts．
C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus．
D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once．

Teenagers at risk of depression， anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon （霓虹灯） sign． Their risky behaviors-drinking too much alcohol， using illegal drugs， smoking cigarettes and skipping school-can alert parents and teachers that serious problems arc brewing．
But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms： teens who use tons of media， don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary （不爱活动的） lifestyle．
Of course， that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet． But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy． Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag， these young people have been called the "invisible risk" group by the study's authors．
"In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks，" says researcher Vladimir Carli． "While most parents， teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk， they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous （不显眼的） behaviors．"
The study's authors surveyed 12，395students and analyzed nine risk behaviors， including excessive alcohol use， illegal drug use， heavy smoking， high media use and truancy （逃学）． Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers．
About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors． Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors． And 29%， the "invisible risk" group， scored high on three in particular： They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices． They slept six hours a night or less． And they neglected "other healthy activities．"
The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression； in all， nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed， compared with just 4% of the low-risk group． But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set， with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression．
The findings caught Carli off guard． "We were very surprised，" he says． "The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious． But this third group was not only unexpected， it was so distinct and so large-nearly one third of our sample-that it became a key finding of the study．"
Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents， teachers and mental health-care providers． And early identification， support and treatment for mental health issues， he says， are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders．



What does the author mean by saying "Teenagers at risk of depression， anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign" （Lines 1 - 2， Para． 1）？ ______

A. Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers．
B. Teenagers" mental problems are getting more and more attention．
C. Teenagers" mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed．
D. Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems．

Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media， don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the "invisible risk" group？ ______

A. Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society．
B. Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal．
C. Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems．
D. Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth．

What does the new study find about the invisible group？ ______

A. They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group．
B. They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms．
C. They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers．
D. They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does．

What is the significance of Vladimir Carli's study？ ______

A. It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers．
B. It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble．
C. It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems．
D. It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors activate mental health problems．

People who get precisely seven hours and six minutes of shut eye are perfectly happy， a new survey shows． We already knew that there's a strong link between the amount of sleep we get and our health．
Participants who considered themselves mostly happy people sleep a little bit less than the perfectly happy people， getting seven hours． And those who said they were somewhat happy for six hours 54 minutes， the study of 2，000 people shows． "Less than 6 hours 48 minutes of sleep meant complete unhappiness in relationships and constant worry．" the report states．
Compared with previous research， the new study found women struggled the most to get a decent night's sleep， and those reporting the fewest hours also said they were the least happy． But age is a big factors - the survey also found that those 25 younger get a lot of sleep regardless of happiness level．
People who got the best sleep were more likely to take a bath before bedtime． Activities associated with less sleep include working or playing video games， according to the report． One in three of us suffer from poor sleep， with stress， computers and mobile devices， work patterns taking work home often blamed．
And the price of sleepless nights is more than just fatigue（疲劳）． As well as sadness， lack of regular sleep is linked to raised risk of obesity（肥胖）， heart attack - and it shortens your life． However， while a lot of research tends to focus on the amount of time we sleep， scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital have found routine is just as important． They discovered people who go to bed at the same time every night are far more healthy and successful than those not． It claims going to bed and waking up later on the weekends can raise your chances of getting heart disease． They gave the advice that people should follow their sleep routine．



Who will often feel worried when they wake up？ ______

A. People who sleep for 7 hours and 6 minutes．
B. People who sleep for 7 hours 20 minutes．
C. People who sleep for 6 hours and 54 minutes．
D. People who sleep for 6 hours 38 minutes．

What should people do to have a good sleep？ ______

A. drink milk
B. read books
C. surf the Internet
D. take a bath

What will people suffer from lack of regular sleep？ ______

A. Heart disease．
B. Net addiction．
C. The stomachache．
D. The cancer．

What did scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital suggest？ ______

A. They should wake up late on the weekends．
B. They should reduce the amount of time．
C. They should get a long sleep on weekdays．
D. They should go to bed at the same time．

It's easy to see how to help some people，but what about those whose needs are not so obvious？ This story may have happened long ago，but it is a lesson which has stayed with me and helped me ever since．
It was Thanksgiving and I was volunteering with my parents at a shelter for the needy．We stood behind the counter giving hot food to whoever came in．Most of our dinners looked like they had been having hard times．Their clothes were worn out and they were dirty．In short，they looked needy!
Then，a man came in，who looked anything but needy．He was well dressed-he wore an expensive suit．I wondered what he was doing there and my jaw dropped in amazement when he joined the line for food．The closer he came to my service station the angrier I got．What was this man doing？ Surely he wasn't going to take away food which was meant for those who were really in need!
Then my mother quietly took me to one side．She said，"You have assumed（假设）that the needs of the people who come here must be physical．And this gentleman doesn't seem to have any of those problems like hunger and lack of clothing．But what if his needs are emotional？ What if he needs comfort，friends，or just to be among other human beings？"Her words hit me like a ton of bricks! I felt like I should apologize to the man．
About a week later the shelter received a large donation from an unknown source．I can't help but wonder if it came from that man．
Now，whenever I meet someone I remember my mother's lesson and try to send kindness their way，regardless of how they look．Needs aren't always obvious，but kindness always makes a difference．



During Thanksgiving，the shelter helped the needy by ______ ．

A. finding jobs for them
B. offering them food
C. giving them new clothes
D. listening to their complaints

How did the author feel when the man first came in？ ______

A. Sad．
B. Hopeful．
C. Surprised．
D. Worried．

The author's mother mainly wanted to tell her that ______ ．

A. she shouldn't hate rich people
B. she shouldn't jump to conclusions
C. she should be polite to strangers
D. she should treat everyone equally

What is the main purpose of this passage？ ______

A. To discuss how to help emotionally needy people．
B. To call on people to make contributions to a shelter．
C. To give tips on how to be volunteers．
D. To share a lesson in kindness．

Teenager Red Gerard pulled off a shock win in the men's slopestyle snowboarding （自由式单板滑雪） to get the first gold medal for Team USA at the Winter Olympics． At long last the USA has not had to wait until the second day of an Olympic-Summer or Winter-to win its first gold medal since 1998．
The 17-year-old crashed on both of his first two runs in high winds ， but achieved an un-believable final effort that no one could match to become the youngest American man to win an Olympic winter gold medal since 1928．
Sitting in llth place after two runs， Gerard impressed the judges deeply with his fall through a series of rails and huge jumps to beat Canadian riders Max Parrot （2nd place after two runs） and Mark McMorris （lst place after two runs） to the silver and bronze （铜牌） re-spectively．
"I was surprised to make it even to the finals of the Olympics and to get first is above me，I don't even know what's going on to be honest，" Gerard told the British reporter Oliver Jef-fers． "I cannot believe what has just happened-it is insane． " Parrot put down a near-perfect run as the last rider to go down， but it wasn't good enough to knock Gerard off the top spot．
McMorris， who had been in the lead after two rounds， took his second straight Olympic slope-style bronze less than a year after crashing into a tree， which almost killed him．
Gerard was a child prodigy， who could walk at nine months． He started snowboarding at the age of two and managed to do a standing backflip by the time he was six years old． He joined the American national team just four years ago． His Olympic journey is set to continue in the men's big air competition， which will be making its debut in an Olympic Games on Feb． 21．



What does Red Gerard think of his win in the men's slopestyle snowboarding？ ______

A. It is all worth it．
B. It is not a shock．
C. It is beyond all question．
D. It is beyond expectation．

Who won the second place in the men's slopestyle snowboarding？ ______

A. Red Gerard．
B. Max Parrot．
C. Oliver Jeffers．
D. Mark McMorris．

What can be inferred from the text？ ______

A. Gerard is the youngest gold-medal winner at the Winter Olympics．
B. Gerard got the highest mark in the final round．
C. McMorris crashed into a tree in his last effort．
D. Parrot performed perfectly in all his runs．

Which of the following can be the best title of the text？ ______

A. A great winner in American history
B. An accident at the Winter Olympics
C. Teenager Red Gerard won the first gold medal
D. Snowboarding winners at the Winter Olympics

Row after row they marched - thousands of larger-than-life figures frozen in clay， a phalanx（方阵） of officials defending the tomb of China's first emperor．Silently they guarded beneath the soil for 2，200 years， until a farmer digging a well in 1974 found broken pieces of unparalleled significance near China's early capital city， Xianyang．
Now those fierce warriors have reached the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts（VMFA） to tell their extraordinary story． The exhibition will be on display at VMFA from Saturday， November 18， 2017 through March 11， 2018 before traveling to the Cincinnati Art Museum．Ten of the clay figures will stand with a total of 130 objects from 14 museums and archaeological institutes in China's Shaanxi Province， where the current city of Xi'an is located． Forty of the objects have never left China before． Beyond the life-size clay figures， the exhibit brings perspective with objects that range from bronze spearheads found in the emperor's tomb to a small gold tiger that pre-dated him by more than 250 years．
The fascination draws lots of visitors wherever the terracotta figures have traveled． The National Geographic Museum in Washington had a record-setting 280，000 people at its four-month exhibit of 15figures in 2009-2010． Chicago's Field Museum attracted 460，000 to its 10-month exhibit that ended in January．
At the same time with the VMFA exhibit， Philadelphia's Franklin Institute will have a terracotta warriors exhibit that focuses on the science and technology that went into their creation． VMFA focuses on why they were created and how they fit into China's long sweep of history． Each institution has 10life-size terracotta figures on display， giving an unprecedented（空前的） opportunity to study them in depth．
The VMFA exhibition is divided into three sections． The first one introduces the emperor； the second puts him in context with artifacts from the warring states； the third shows his journey into the afterlife．



According to Paragraph 2， some of the items on display ______ ．

A. have not gone abroad
B. have just been discovered
C. are from museums all over China
D. were earlier than China's first emperor

How many American cities will hold the exhibition of terracotta warriors？ ______

A. 2． B. 3． C. 4． D. 5．

How do Americans think of terracotta warriors？ ______

A. Attractive． B. Aggressive． C. Professional． D. Conservative．

What is the best title for the text？ ______

A. Terracotta Warriors of China
B. The Exhibit of China's First Emperor
C. Trracotta Warriors Exhibits in the US
D. New Discoveries in Terracotta Warriors

A young woman carrying a three-year-old child got on a bus．The conductor hurried to give her a warm welcome and then kindly asked the other passengers to make more room for the woman and her child．On seeing this，people began to talk．"You know this conductor used to be very rude．Now suddenly he has changed his bad behavior，"said a middle-aged man．
"Yes，he should be praised and we must write a letter to the company，"said a second passenger．"That's right，"another lady said，"I wish a newspaper reporter were here so that more people could learn from this conductor．"
Just then a gentleman who looked like a teacher turned to the conductor and said，"Excuse me，but can I know your name，please？Your excellent service must be praised…"
Before he could open his mouth，the three-year-old child sitting on the young woman's lap interrupted，"I know his name．I call him Dad．"



The passengers were ______ to see the conductor's kindness to the woman and the child．

A. excited
B. pleased
C. interested
D. surprised

One passenger suggested writing a letter to the company to ______ ．

A. make a demand for more buses
B. thank the conductor for his good service
C. criticize the conductor for his rude behavior
D. invite a newspaper reporter to write about the conductor

What was the gentleman？ ______

A. A teacher．
B. A newspaper reporter．
C. Not known from the story．
D. The conductor's friend from his company．

The word"he"in the last paragraph refers to ______ ．

A. the gentleman
B. the conductor
C. the middle-aged man
D. the three-year-old child

Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways．When people cheat，it's not fair to other people，like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game．
Many people like the action of cheating．It makes difficult things seem easy，like getting all the right answers on the test．But it doesn't solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won't help on the next test---unless the person cheats again．
Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them．The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade．And，if they get caught cheating，they will be in trouble at school，and maybe at home，too．
Some kids cheat because they're busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying．Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating．Even when there seems to be a"good reason"for cheating，cheating isn't a good idea．
If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn't study，it would be better to talk with the teacher about this．And if you don't have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice，you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school．
A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents，so they can find some solutions（解决办法） together．Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating．



The author thinks that when kids cheat in class， ______ ．

A. it's unfair to other people
B. it does harm to their heath
C. teachers should punish them
D. teachers shouldn't stop them at once

Some students like cheating mainly because ______ ．

A. the material in the test is very difficult
B. they want to do better than the others
C. cheating can make hard things seem very easy
D. they have little time to study their lessons

The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ______ ．

A. cheating isn't a good idea
B. why kids cheat in the test
C. some kids can't pass the test without cheating
D. some kids don't spend the time studying

We can learn from the passage ______ ．

A. cheaters are often thought highly of
B. people show no respect for those who cheat
C. parents whose kids cheat are often in trouble
D. kids cheat in the test because of swim practice