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When marine biologist Jennifer Lavers from Australia traveled to a remote string of islands in the Indian Ocean to see how much plastic waste had washed up on the beaches, here's just part of what she found： "373，000 toothbrushes and around 975，000 shoes, largely flip-flops."
  The island was a good place to measure plastic waste because almost no one lives there. That meant the plastic there wasn't local - it floated in - and no one was picking it up.
  "It's the little stuff that's perfectly bite-sized," Lavers says. "The stuff that fish and squid and birds and even turtles can eat."
  Lavers didn't just count the stuff on the surface. She dug down 4 inches into the sand. "What was really quite amazing was that the deeper we went," she says, "the more plastic we were actually finding." What happens is that the sun breaks down the plastic on the surface, and the waves strike it into tiny pieces and drive it into the sand.
  Lavers' team of researchers studied seven of the islands, by marking off transects（横断面） on beaches and counting all the plastic inside each transect."So, more than 414 million pieces of plastic are estimated to be currently sitting on the Cocos Keeling Islands, weighing a remarkable 238 tons," Lavers says.She was flabbergasted.
  It's becoming increasingly clear that no place on the planet seems immune from plastic waste. Take the Arctic, for example. "Wastes are transported via air currents in addition to ocean currents," Ecologist Chelsea Rochman at the University of Toronto explains. "And there （in the Arctic）， we see high concentrations of small microfibers and small particles, and so, absolutely, you expect different things in different places. And what you find tells you something about where it's coming from."



What does the author intend to express by mentioning the numbers？ ______

A. To show Lavers is good in calculating.
B. To show the plastic pollution is very serious.
C. To tell the beach is very broad.
D. To tell wasting of man is very serious.

How do Lavers and her team count the waste？ ______

A. By marking off transects and then count.
B. By digging into the sand.
C. By counting the plastic on the beach.
D. By weighing the plastic.

What does the underlined word in Para 3 mean？ ______

A. Curious.
B. Puzzled.
C. Shocked.
D. Merciful.

What can we know according to the last paragraph？ ______

A. Pollution varies from place to place.
B. The Arctic is relatively cleaner than other places.
C. Plastic waste is mainly transported via air and water.
D. Almost every place on earth is now polluted.

A three-month survey of 119 households in Seattle found about one-third of the food thrown away was edible（可以吃的）.
  "We think we are doing better but we can't be, given the waste," said Andrea Spacht, a food specialist at the Natural Resources Defense Council.
  For every item thrown away, the cost is far more than just an uneaten meal. Throwing out just one hamburger, for example, wastes as much water as a 90-minute shower.
  The waste of nutrition and resources on this scale （规模）makes little sense when 15 million American households have been classified as food-insecure by the U. S. Department of Agriculture-meaning they cannot access enough food.
  But food waste is not just about households. It is happening on a large scale on the farm.
  Most farm food waste is due to a lack of buyers or prices that are too low. Without a guarantee of an income that will at least cover the cost of harvesting, growers have no choice but to leave food in the field-despite the huge waste that represents, said Lisa Johnson, of the Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University.
  For the time being, the U. S. remains a contradiction, say food waste activists. "It's the place in the world where the most food is wasted, but also where some of the most exciting solutions are," said Tristram Stuart, founder of Toast Ale, which makes beer from bread that would otherwise be thrown away.
  The past few years have seen an awakening awareness of the impact of the problem on our planet. An increasing number of food waste companies and charities have appeared to help people cut their own food waste and also ensure unwanted food makes its way to where it is needed.
  While campaigners are celebrating the rising consumer and corporate （公司的） recognition of food waste as a major problem, they do not expect the problem to disappear overnight. Dealing with the problem requires "a transformation that will take years," said Evan Lutz, co-founder of the food waste company Hungry Harvest.



Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3？ ______

A. To encourage readers to save water.
B. To prove the popularity of hamburgers.
C. To show that people are doing better in saving food.
D. To explain that throwing away food has hidden costs.

Why do growers leave food in the field according to Lisa？ ______

A. The food goes bad.
B. The food isn't ripe.
C. They cannot make a profit.
D. They do not have the machine to harvest.

What do the food waste activists mean by saying "the U. S. remains a contradiction"？ ______

A. Food waste contradicts food insecurity.
B. Food waste contradicts exciting solutions.
C. The lack of buyers contradicts good harvests.
D. The high cost of harvesting contradicts low food prices.

What does Evan think of the food waste problem？ ______

A. Americans waste the most food.
B. It has been in existence for years.
C. Solving it will take a long time.
D. People are becoming aware of its seriousness.

If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.
  While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
  But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
  In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
  So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.
  Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
  As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.



The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ______ ．

A. provide some key facts about Confucius
B. attract the readers' interest in the subject
C. show great respect for the ancient thinker
D. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ______ ．

A. have a great interest in studying Chinese
B. take an active part in Chinese competitions
C. try to get high scores in Chinese exams
D. fight for a chance to learn Chinese

What is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Forgotten Wisdom in America
B. Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
C. Chinese Culture for Westerners
D. Old Thinker with a Big Future

The passage is likely to appear in ______ ．

A. a biography
B. a history paper
C. a newspaper
D. a philosophy textbook

  You have probably heard that Japan has among the highest life expectancy（预期寿命） in the world and that the island of Okinawa（冲绳） has the greatest concentration（浓度） of centenarians（百岁老人）． But do you know that two-thirds of the centenarians are still functioning independently？ That means they are in their own homes, cooking their own meals and living their lives fully - at about 100 years old!
  The elders there are less likely than their counterparts in the United States to have heart disease, dementia（痴呆） or certain cancers. Their bones are stronger than those of similarly aged people around the world. Many of these residents are the subjects of one of the largest studies of centenarians ever conducted. Since 1976， nearly a thousand centenarians on the islands have been studied.
  More than anything, the Okinawa diet has long captured the headlines. Before knowing what the Okinawans eat, there is a valuable lesson in how they eat.
  Remember this term： hara hachi bu. It is translated into English as "Stop eating when you are 80% full." With hara hachi bu, the philosophy is that you should still be a little hungry when you push the plate away. You are also advised to reduce your portion（食物的分量） sizes, use smaller plates and eat more slowly.
  There is a basic biological （生物学的） reason this works. It takes about 20 minutes for the stomach to send signals to the brain that it is full. Unfortunately, most people can shovel down another several hundred calories in that short time. Instead, if you push the plate away and just wait, you will have eaten less and still feel satisfied.
  Eating less is associated with longevity, but of course, that also depends on what you eat. Okinawans typically eat seven different fruits and vegetables and 18 different foods a day, and more than 200 different foods and spices regularly in their overall diet.
  However, the younger generations are eating more meat and fast food instead of fish and soy. The elderly there are still widely revered（崇敬）， but there are fewer of them, and they are less often living to 100 than in decades past.



What is the key to the high life expectancy in Okinawa？ ______

A. What they eat
B. How they eat
C. Where they live
D. When they exercise

Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined part "shovel down" in Paragraph 5？ ______

A. fill in
B. put down
C. fill out
D. push away

Which of the following statements about Okinawa is true？ ______

A. The elderly are in bad need of mutual respect.
B. There are an increasing number of the elderly.
C. The younger generations have a varied diet.
D. Things are starting to change for the worse.

Which could be the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Eat less to live longer.
B. Healthy diets build longevity.
C. The Okinawa： a place of longevity.
D. Improve life expectancy？ Slow down.

     Students at Beijing's Yucai High School have to be very careful when playing football on the school's field. That's because there is a 100-year-old tree growing in the middle of it. And keeping their eye on the ball too much can result in a painful collision(撞击).
     Building a football field around a tree sounds pretty stupid. But the school had no choice. It's reported that there are historic(有历史意义的)buildings all around Yucai High School,and this was the only space that could be used for a football field. Before starting working on the field,the school did ask to have the tree moved and planted somewhere else. However,they were told that it was hundreds of years old, and that it was a national treasure. Having it moved and planted somewhere else was too risky(有风险的) - they might damage or kill the tree. So they were left with no choice but to build the field around it.
     Interestingly,Yucai High School is built on the grounds of Beijing's Royal Gardens of the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). A reporter for the Beijing News believes that the strangely-located tree is the oldest tree in the Chinese capital. That information has not been checked,but other people think the tree is only 100 years old.
     Playing a serious game of football on this field cannot be very pleasant. The tree could "catch" the ball and change its direction from time to time. But the students have no choice but to train on the playground with the tree. Luckily, they can play on a different field in competitions with other schools.


If students play football on the school field, ______ .

A. they might run into a tree
B. they will have a good chance of winning
C. they will fall down more often
D. they can control the ball all the time

Why did the school build a football field around a tree？ ______

A. Because the tree was as old as the school.
B. Because the school could only use that place.
C. Because students in the school liked the tree.
D. Because the tree had something to do with the city's history.

Why was the school not allowed to move and plant the tree somewhere else？ ______

A. Because there was no other place for the tree.
B. Because it may have been dangerous for the tree and it might have died.
C. Because the tree was too big to be moved.
D. Because it was more meaningful to keep the tree where it was.

What do we know about the tree？ ______

A. It's the oldest tree in the Chinese capital.
B. It was planted in Ming Dynasty.
C. Some believe it is only one-hundred years old.
D. Students will play on another field to protect it.

Global warming is the increase of the earth's average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases,for example,carbon dioxide,which traps heat that would otherwise escape from the earth. After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released. the "blanket" around the earth called the ozone layer（臭氧层），will get thicker. This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter. Luckily,there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming,and it's never too late or too early for children to take action.
  The children should learn what a carbon footprint is. A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities. In other words,the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact（冲击）the life has. To live an environmentally friendly life that doesn't contribute to global warming,people-want to have the smallest carbon footprint possible.
  Almost everything people do contributes to global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption. These can be direct uses of fossil fuels,like riding in a gasoline-powered car,or indirect contributions to greenhouse gases,such as eating fruits or vegetables that have to be shipped from far way to reach their tables.
  If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming,he should ride a bicycle to the near park,school,his friend's house,or anywhere else instead of taking the car. Or he may try to walk or jog,which is also helpful. In addition,although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels, on average, each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to run. Next time if children with their parents have to get around town or it's too far to walk or bike,take the bus or other public transportation instead of asking for a ride.



What is the main reason for global warming？ ______

A. Too much greenhouse gases are released.
B. The ozone layer has caught more heat.
C. Much more ozone layer has been released.
D. The increase of the earth's inner temperature results in the global warming.

What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ ______

A. Life has an impact on carbon footprint.
B. The definition of a carbon footprint.
C. People should live an environmental friendly life.
D. People make a huge amount of carbon and greenhouse gases.

The author wants to write the passage for ______ .

A. children
B. parents
C. children educators
D. adults

What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. What Can People Do To Use Less Energy？
B. Why Global Warming Affects Humans' Life？
C. How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming？
D. How Does Carbon Footprints Measure Pollution？

Pangolins （穿山甲） are the most trafficked （非法交易） mammals in the world and are facing extinction. To draw attention to these scaly （有鳞片的）， anteater-like animals, a new wildlife documentary, Eye of the Pangolin, is attempting a unique way to inspire action and conservation. Partnering with the non-profit organization Pangolin. Africa, the documentary was made available on YouTube in May 2019． The intention is to reach communities wherever the Internet is available, especially African communities, who live near the animal's habitats.
  Over two years, the documentary crew traveled to South Africa, Ghana, Central African Republic and Gabon in search of the four unique species of pangolin, which has never been achieved before. Filmmakers Bruce Young and Johan Vermeulen say that they went into the shoot knowing relatively little about pangolins, but grew to respect and appreciate the animals. Getting close to the creatures over two years was a crash course in these secretive creatures. Johan Vermeulen said, "One thing however that might seem unimportant is that they are actually quite fussyaaters. You would think they would eat any type of ant, but they all prefer a specific type ant."
  Pangolins are hunted illegally across Africa for their scales, which are used for traditional medicine, and their meat. In April 2019， Singaporean customs officials conducted two separate seizures of 24 tons of pangolin scales, which equals to the death of 69，000 pangolins.
  Though the documentary focuses less on the trafficking of pangolins, and more on the animals in their natural habitat, the aim of the documentary is to inspire viewers around the world to call for action to end trafficking and protecting these unique creatures.
  Filmed on location in South Africa, Ghana, Central African Republic, and Gabon, this powerful documentary is the story of two men on a mission to get all four species of African pangolin on camera for the very first time.



What is the purpose of the documentary？ ______

A. To study the situation of pangolins.
B. To collect fund to protect pangolins.
C. To raise awareness of pangolin protection.
D. To propose setting up pangolin reserves.

What is the meaning of the underlined word "fussy" in paragraph 2？ ______

A. Picky.
B. Messy.
C. Showy.
D. Heavy.

What's the documentary mainly about？ ______

A. The illegal trade of pangolins.
B. The medical function of pangolin's scales.
C. The life of pangolins in their natural habitats.
D. The efforts of Pangolin, Africa to save pangolins.

Where is the text most likely from？ ______

A. A brochure.
B. A diary.
C. A novel.
D. A magazine.

You know the saying "You're as young as you feel." Well, there may be some truth to that, according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  Ellen Langer, a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body, and colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person's perception of their age might influence their health. They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.
  In one study that Langer led, 47 women had their hair done. The women who thought their new hairdos made them look younger did look younger to objective observers, who were shown before-and-after pictures. The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure. Another study involving 4，421 men found that those who became bald at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not. Similarly, another study involving 2，017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease. "We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one's real age account for some of these health outcomes," the researchers wrote.
  The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early, which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly, people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners, according to other studies.
  Taken together, the research "supports the general mind-body hypothesis （假说） that when a younger mind is prepared, a younger body can accompany it." While the mechanism（机制） remains unclear, the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can "make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health."



What's the author's attitude towards the research results？ ______

A. Negative.
B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive.
D. Objective.

Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 3？ ______

A. Blood pressure is highly related to hairdos.
B. Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.
C. Feeling older than real age may be tied to health problems.
D. The women who love hairdos look younger than those don't.

It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ______ ．

A. often staying with younger people can benefit people's health
B. the younger one of a couple lives much longer
C. a younger mother is more likely to live longer
D. people who want to live longer need to marry

The passage mainly tells us that ______ ．

A. Getting bald too early is not good for health
B. People's feeling of their age may have an effect on their own health
C. Feeling younger to a couple is very important to their health
D. Women had better give birth later in their life

Many college students turn to ADHD（注意缺陷障碍）medicine during the exam week, which is regarded as "smart drugs" that will help their academic（学术的）performance. The thinking is that if the drugs help students with ADHD improve their focus, they should provide the same benefit for people who don't have the disorder.
  But a new study shows that drugs can actually damage brain function of healthy students who take the drug hoping to boost their intelligence. "It's not a smart drug which will suddenly improve their ability to understand information they read," said Lisa Weyandt, a professor at the University of Rhode Island.
  To test whether this effect is real or not, researchers organized 13 students to take part in two five-hour study sessions（一段时间）in the lab. The students took the standard 30mg ADHD drugs before one session, and a sugar pill before the other. Students on ADHD drugs did experience an increase in their blood pressure and heart rates. "The medicine was having an effect on their brain," Weyandt said. The students also showed an improvement in their ability to focus, the researchers found.
  However, students on ADHD drugs experienced no improvement in reading comprehension, reading fluency or knowledge reviews, compared to when they'd taken a sugar pill. "We read aloud stories to them and asked them to recall information from the stories, " she said. "That didn't improve."
  Worse, the ADHD drug actually harms students' memory. It's often misused because people pull all-nighters and they're tired, and they think it's going to keep them awake. Maybe it does, but it's certainly not going to help their academic work. The brain is still developing until the mid to late 20s. It's important to keep it healthy. There's also a chance that ADHD drugs could endanger a student's heart health.



Why do some college students take ADHD drugs？ ______

A. To improve their sleeping.
B. To get higher marks.
C. To make them feel relaxed.
D. To treat brain disorder.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "boost" in Paragragh 2？ ______

A. Analyze.
B. Affect.
C. Improve.
D. Understand.

What effect did ADHD drugs have on the students in the experiment？ ______

A. They became more focused.
B. Their blood pressure was reduced.
C. Their reading fluency was greatly raised.
D. They could remember better and more quickly.

Where can we read this text？ ______

A. In a drug instruction.
B. In a biology textbook.
C. In a travel magazine.
D. In a news report.

This holiday season, holiday shoppers can for the first time send festive greetings that contribute to protecting rather than destroying our evergreen world. The beautiful e-card can be sent via TreeGreetings, available at /：//www. TreeGreetings. com.
  Each ＄8.95 TreeGreetings e-card comes with a virtual tour of the actual location where the gift tree will be planted along with a full-color, personalized planting certificate. The greetings feature musical slide shows with nature photography and inspirational messages.
  "Our cards exemplify the spirit of holiday giving," said Alan Shamir, founder and CEO of Your True Nature Inc.， which markets TreeGreetings electronic products. "Our customers can give back to the Earth by contributing to reforestation while sharing holiday goodwill with friends and family." TreeGreetings offers a full range of e-cards to celebrate any occasion including birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, new homes, congratulations, Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, and Father's Day.
  Individuals and organizations can easily send personalized TreeGreetings to their entire holiday lists at quantity-discounted rates, and distribution on a selected date can be scheduled days, weeks, or months in advance.
  Gift trees are planted and cared for by well-established, reliable non-profit organizations including the internationally recognized Trees, Water & People, which has planted 1.2  million trees in Central America, and Plant-It 2020， a foundation created by singer John Denver in 1992．
  After having received a Magnolia tree for his 11th birthday, Shamir gained a lifelong appreciation for the value and joy of receiving a living growing gift. He said, "My tree and I 'grow up' together! It has been such a valuable and important part of my life that I want to give others the experience of having a tree planted for their special occasions."



What will happen if you buy a TreeGreetings e-card？ ______

A. You will be presented with a gift.
B. You'll receive a photograph with music.
C. You can determine the type of gift trees.
D. You'll know where the tree will be planted.

What can we infer from Para. 3？ ______

A. TreeGreetings e-card brings high profits.
B. TreeGreetings e-card does prove popular.
C. TreeGreetings e-card helps protect the Earth.
D. TreeGreetings e-card deserves to be stored.

What do we know about John Denver from the 5th paragraph？ ______

A. He has a high fame worldwide.
B. He must be possessing a big farm.
C. He founded Plant-It 2020 himself.
D. He's abandoned singing completely.

Why did the author mention Shamir's 11th birthday？ ______

A. To show it has a lasting influence on him.
B. To emphasize he didn't get gifts ever before.
C. To call on people to value teenagers' growth.
D. To collect data for his support for the project.