选择知识点

Sea urchins（海胆）are small creatures,but what's really remarkable about them is that they eat anything that happens to float by.They have really sharp teeth they use to rid rocks of algae（海澡），which makes them pretty valuable especially in places like Hawaii where algae are threatening the coral reefs.In the summer of 2019，500，000 of them were used to deal with the algae.
  The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem of Kane'ohe Bay in the 1970s.Because they had no enemies,they ended up taking over the bay,according to the National Marine Fisheries Service（NMFS）．The algae blocked sunlight from reaching the coral,which in turn affected the local fish because they changed the chemistry of the water.
  That's when the NMFS turned to sea urchins that loved to devour the algae.But they had to grow to the size of a cherry tomato before they could be used.Since 2011，sea urchins have been grown and used to handle the algae problem.Some of the funds are available due to an unfortunate incident.
  In 2005，a ship was grounded on a shallow reef near Kane'ohe Bay.When the ship was removed,20 acres of reefs have been damaged.When there is environmental damage,the NMFS and other agencies receive funds from the wrongdoers and the funds are used to restore the damage.Some funds were spent on other projects like the sea urchins.When they are large enough,divers carefully place them on the reef.
  Algae isn't the only thing that threatens the coral reefs.Climate change and the effects of fishing and tourism in the area also endanger the coral reefs.But turning to sea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go.



Why are sea urchins regarded as outstanding creatures？ ______

A. They are tiny but have teeth.
B. They can keep the ocean clean.
C. They are useful in removing algae.
D. They grow on coral reefs with algae.

What happened after non-native algae arrived at Kane'ohe Bay？ ______

A. They helped the coral reefs to survive.
B. They spread to every corner of the bay.
C. They didn't fit in with the new surroundings.
D. They fought against other species to get food.

What does the underlined word "devour" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______

A. Eat.
B. Block.
C. Tease.
D. Attract.

What does the author suggest doing to save coral reefs？ ______

A. Relying on humans' solutions.
B. Banning fishing and tourism.
C. Employing divers to handle algae.
D. Letting nature take care of nature.

The secret of successful response
  The novel coronavirus（新冠状病毒）is an uncommon threat. We don't know how bad it will be, nor do we know for how long it will spread. But we do know that it has already infected （感染） more than 18，000 people and killed many around the world. It also caused serious global economic damage. We need to adapt our responses to different countries and different parts of the same country in order to limit damage. Using data well is essential to such a successful response.
  Data is key to all successful public heath programs. In New York City, we raised tobacco taxes and made all indoor public places smoke free. Smoking rates declined at first but then the decline stopped. Because we had a tracking system in place, we realised that progress had stopped. So, we produced strong and direct no tobacco ads to the public. Our programs quickly reduced adult and teenager smoking, preventing more than 10，0000 deaths.
  Every country facing the coronavirus disease needs to strengthen their data systems to track diseases, investigate skillfully and respond fast and successfully. Fast action will save lives and save money. But building the capacity to do this isn't free. It will cost about ﹩1 to ﹩2 per person per year for at least 10 years --- at least 30 billion. That's a lot of money for public health, but it's a tiny part of the amount lost when we don't know what we need to know about health threats.
  Getting he data right is hardly quick and never easy, but it is always very important if we want to respond successfully, limit spread, and protect our communities and economy.



Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ ______

A. Novel coronavirus has killed people and damaged economy.
B. New York City succeeded in reducing smoking with data.
C. We need a lot of money to build the capacity of fast action.
D. Using data will cure people infected with novel coronavirus.

Why does the author talk about smoking in paragraph 2？ ______

A. To warn us that smoking is harmful.
B. To suggest us how to reduce smoking.
C. To show the significant role of data.
D. To protect people's physical health.

What is the author's opinion on the building of the capacity of fast response？ ______

A. It is too expensive and many countries cannot afford it.
B. It is worthwhile and necessary to develop such a capacity.
C. It supports communities and saves lives and saves money.
D. It requires a tiny part of the amount lost by heath threats.

What is the main idea of this passage？ ______

A. The widespread of novel coronavirus has killed many people.
B. Using Data well is of vital importance to public health programs.
C. The importance of fighting against novel coronavirus.
D. The importance of raising tobacco taxes.

It was my mother who first thought of sending me to school．Of course I was of the school going age．When my mother expressed it，I thought that she was a heartless woman．
My mind was disturbed at first．Although I had heard about school，I had not visited it earlier．My father took me to school which was an unknown place for me．Teachers and students were strangers to me．It was a big building with a wide yard．As a small child I could not feel frightened at the sight of the building．The atmosphere of the school was calm and quiet．I was not used to such atmosphere earlier．
It was an old and famous school in our district．My father was student there in his childhood and youth．The headmaster was well known to my father and greeted him with a smile．My father introduced me to the headmaster and requested him to admit me to the school．Then I was enrolled as a student．My father left me in the classroom and went away．I was about to cry．
However，the kind behavior of the headmaster and the class teacher calmed me．The class teacher asked my name and where I lived．He patted me on the back．I replied some of his questions quickly．He became pleased．Other students looked at me curiously．At first，I was not able to understand why there were so many teachers．The bell rang．The class teacher left our class and another teacher came．Then the bell rang again．



It can be inferred form the second and third paragraphs that ______ ．

A. I hated the atmosphere of school at first
B. I had known nothing about school earlier
C. Teacher and students were strangers to me
D. I thought my father was as heartless as my mother

Which of the following is TRUE about the headmaster？ ______

A. He was famous all over the city．
B. He was my father's class teacher．
C. He left my father in the classroom．
D. My father had known him well．

What is most likely to follow the passage？ ______

A. Another class began
B. A hard maths class began
C. Stories about my best friend
D. The memory of a pleasant sports game

What's the best title for the passage？ ______

A. My new teachers
B. My first day at school
C. My terrible childhood
D. The first school I studied in

One of the most popular programmes on British television，with its devoted viewers，is the Antiques Roadshow．Members of the public bring their treasured possessions along to a venue（会场） in their neighbourhood to be valued by antiques experts．Obviously the experts see a lot of junk，but there are times when even the experienced professionals find it difficult to hide their excitement on making an unexpected discovery．That brown paper bag that an old lady has brought to the table with something to be valued contains-yes-a rarity，a masterpiece，a superb piece of jewellery，…
There was a time when antiques dealers and experts had a reputation for being a little pretentious （自命不凡的）-knowledge，but pretentious．That has changed，due partly to the influence of programmes like the Antiques Roadshow，and the experts now are bent on being as helpful as they can．I remember a conversation just like this in a recent programme：
"I suppose you'd like to know what it's worth，"said the expert，staring at a delicate bottle．
"Well，yes，"said the owner，adding，as expected，"but naturally I wouldn't want to sell it．Sentimental（情感的） value，you know．"
"Yes，memories，"replied the expert．"Anyway，as I said，it is very rare，and it's worth a mere £500．"And before the gasps of fascinated onlookers had died away，he added quickly．"Of course，if it had been in perfect condition，it would have been worth ten times that-at least ten times．"
Such things make good television，if nothing else．
And then，within a few months，when all the fuss had died down，there was the bottle---a little perfume bottle，photographed in all its"delicate"glory，to be included in the next sale of good European glass in a large London auction house （拍卖行）．So much for sentimental value!



What do all the people bring when they come to the Antiques Roadshow？ ______

A. Treasured and valuable antiques．
B. All kinds of old things．
C. Valuables and masterpieces．
D. Plenty of junk．

Sentimental value is a value which ______ ．

A. an expert gives to an article
B. an auctioneer estimates of an article
C. is based on tender feelings alone
D. is the real market value

The bottle would probably have been worth £5，000 if it ______ ．

A. had not been wrapped roughly
B. had been signed by the maker
C. had not been damaged somehow
D. had been auctioned to the highest bidder

In the last paragraph，the writer implies that people will nearly always be influenced by ______ ．

A. things
B. money
C. dream
D. advice

In choosing a friend，one should be very careful．A good friend can help you study．You can have fun together and make each other happy．Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends．They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away．How do I know when I have found a good friend？I look for certain qualities （品质） of character，especially understanding，honesty and reliability （可靠）．
Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend．A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling．He is not quick to judge．Instead，he tries to learn from others．He puts himself in the other person's place，and he tries to think of ways to be helpful．He is also a good listener．
At the same time，however，a good friend is honest．He does not look for faults （过错） in others．He notices their good points．In short，a friend will try to understand me and accept me．
Another quality of a friend is reliability．I can always depend on a good friend．If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time，I can be sure that he will be there．If I need a favor，he will do his best to help me．If I am in trouble，he will not run away from me．
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special．A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun．We should enjoy our lives，and we would enjoy our friendship．That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with．A good friend likes the same things I like．We share experience （经验） and learn from each other．A good friend has a good sense of humor （幽默），too．He likes to laugh with me．That is how we share in the joy of being friends．And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me．
When I meet someone who is reliable，honest，and understanding，I know I've found a friend!



Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend？ ______

A. understanding．
B. honesty．
C. reliability．
D. a sense of humor．

If you have fair weather friends， ______ ．

A. they will give you all that they have when you need help
B. you will be refused when you get into trouble
C. you will become rich
D. you can be sure that you get real friends

Good friends need to ______ ．

A. always point out each other's mistakes
B. be helped with money
C. understand each other's feelings
D. have money or luck

It is a sad truth that any health crisis （危机） will lead to a large outbreak of misinformation.
  In the 80s, 90s, and 2000s we saw the spread of dangerous lies about AIDS - from the belief that the HIV virus was created by a government laboratory to the idea that it could be treated with goat's milk. These claims increased risky behaviour and worsened the crisis.
  Now, we are surrounded with unreal news - this time around Covid-19 （新冠肺炎）．The Economist in March 2020 found 13% of Americans believed Covid-19 was a trick while 49% believed the virus might be man-made. While you might hope that greater brainpower or education would help us to tell facts from lies, it is easy to find examples of many educated people falling for false information. Kelly Brogan, who has a degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has refused clear evidence of the virus's danger in countries like China and Italy and even questioned the health officials.
  Part of the problem arises from the nature of the messages themselves. As BBC Future has described in the past, suppliers of false news can make their message feel "truthy" through a few simple tricks, which discourages us from using our critical thinking skills.
  For example, a simple image alongside a statement increases our trust in its accuracy （准确）---even if it is only partly related to the statement. Moreover, even the simple repetition of a statement can increase the "truthiness" by increasing feelings of familiarity.
  These tricks have long been known by peddlers （传播者） of misinformation, but today's social media make the spread more easily. Recent evidence shows that many people share information on the Internet without even thinking about its truthfulness and ignoring the obvious question： is it true？



How does the author support his ideas in the text？ ______

A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By doing scientific research.
D. By explaining statistical data.

The author mentions Kelly Brogan in paragraph 3 to prove that ______ ．

A. Covid-19 is not real but may be man-made
B. plenty of false news crowds into people's daily life
C. even well-educated people may not tell facts from lies
D. countries like China and Italy have suffered greatly these days

People are most likely to believe the false news when ______ ．

A. it's unfamiliar to them
B. it's attached with clear evidences
C. it carries several messages at a time
D. it includes pictures and repeated statements

What's the main idea of the last paragraph？ ______

A. Many people share false information to attract more followers.
B. Fake news peddlers have long tricked people into ignoring truth.
C. Some tricks prevent people from applying critical thinking skills.
D. It's today's social media that speed up the spread of misinformation.

Picking pineapples can be hard, heavy work often with little reward. The price paid for each individual fruit is a small part of a penny.
  The leaves from pineapple plants are usually thrown away. A use for them has now been found, turning the leaves into fabric, which provides some extra income for workers.
  "I think everybody is quite surprised that the fabric is made of pineapple, because it doesn't smell like pineapple, it's not spiky, it's got a nice texture（质地） to it. So it's quite an unusual thing to be working with." said Ben Patton, designer for Material Products.
  To make the fabric， fibers are extracted（提取） from the leaves. These get sent from the Philippines to Spain.
  Once there, machinists complete the process of turning them into a material which has been named 'Pinatex'．
  An online shop based in Cambridge has begun using Pinatex to create handbags, satchels and purses.
  And these are the finished bags. If you want one, they'll charge you around 137 pounds. The texture is slightly crinkled - not too different to some leathers.
  As manufacturers become more confident using the material, it's hoped that more items will be made out of it in the future, making use of pineapple leaves that were otherwise destined to be wasted.



What is the function of the first paragraph？ ______

A. Giving the main idea.
B. Bringing in the topic.
C. Raising the problem.
D. Introducing the background.

Why are Ben Patton's words quoted here？ ______

A. To show that the pineapple is a useful fruit.
B. To show that pineapple leaves are comfortable to feel.
C. To show that the new material is surprisingly good.
D. To show that the product is profitable.

What does the underlined word "fabric" in the fourth paragraph mean？ ______

A. Cloth.
B. Leather.
C. Bag.
D. Money.

What is the writer's attitude towards this use of pineapple leaves？ ______

A. Favorable.
B. Negative.
C. Concerned.
D. Doubtful.

Working out can help teenagers boost their grades， a new study suggests． Adolescents who routinely engaged in moderate to vigorous（剧烈的）exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance， the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported．
"Our study suggests that the effect of physical activity may be quite large，" John Reilly， a professor at the University of Strathclyde said． The researchers looked at a sample of about 5000 children who were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the UK between 1991 and 1992． When children reached 11 years old， their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer（加速器）for three to seven days． The device，similar to a pedometer（计步器）tracking the number of steps taken，recorded the average time children exercised，which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls．
"The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low，" Mr． Reilly noted． The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students， and also at 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education （GCSE） exam． The tests assessed the children's abilities in English， math and science subjects． The results showed that the more children participated in moderate to vigorous physical activity， the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects． For girls， science scores were most strongly linked to exercise．
When children were tested again at age 13， their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old． By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam， each 17-minute-per‑day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores． Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score， especially in the science category．
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be derived if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day．



What's the study about？ ______

A. The influence of exercise on students' scores．
B. The secrets of students' ranking high in class．
C. The causes of students' participating in sports．
D. The ways of improving students' physical conditions．

What is the function of the device used in the study？ ______

A. To record how long students exercise．
B. To record the walking speed of students．
C. To record how many steps students walk．
D. To record the number of calories students consume．

What do the study's results show？ ______

A. Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages．
B. Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise．
C. Girls' science scores are more closely related to exercise．
D. More and more students do exercise to improve their scores．

What does the underlined word "derived" probably mean in the last paragraph？ ______

A. adopted．
B. acquired．
C. concluded．
D. displayed．