选择知识点

No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance． Uniforms are controlling the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic（民主的） society． Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole． The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth．
There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger， more important concept． What could be more important than the individual himself？ If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members， that organization has no right to continue its existence．
Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms， say in school， gets rid of all envy and competition in a matter of dress， such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be looked down upon by a wealthy person who wears expensive clothing． Those persons ignore the concepts as freedom of choice， motivation， and individuality． If all persons were to wear the same clothing， why would anyone struggle to be better？ It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car， have the same type of food． When this happens， all motivation to improve one's life is removed． Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life as they had？
Uniforms also hurt the economy（经济）． Right now， billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly． Thousands of people are employed in designing， creating， and marketing different types of clothing． If everyone were forced to wear uniforms， artistic personnel would be unnecessary． Salesmen would be extra as well． Why bother to sell the only items that are available？ The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a wave effect on such industries as advertising and sales promotion． Without advertising， newspapers， magazines， and television would not be able to remain in business． Our entire information and entertainment industries would collapse．



Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food？ ______

A. To show that freedom of choice is absolute in modern society．
B. To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory．
C. To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations．
D. To show that the government has too much control over people's lives．

The last word of the passage "collapse" probably means ______ ．

A. fail
B. rise
C. disappear
D. struggle

The author's primary purpose in writing this passage was to ______ ．

A. show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society
B. advise the government to change the rules of wearing uniforms
C. advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
D. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India， my husband， Rashid， stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children．
During the first week of his stay， he went out one day to do some shopping． He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone． He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers， including his passport．
He reported the case to the police and then sat there， lost and lonely in the strange city， thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one．
Late in the evening， the phone rang． It was a stranger． He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions． Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶） that had been left out on the footpath．
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents． Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers． Her parents had carefully sorted them out， although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents． At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend．
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people． We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way．



What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney？ ______

A. Go shopping
B. Find a house
C. Join his family
D. Take his family

The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ______ ．

A. a friend of his family
B. a Sydney policeman
C. a letter in his papers
D. a stranger in Sydney

Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. From India to Australia．
B. Living in a New Country．
C. Turning Trash to Treasure．
D. In Search of New Friends．

"IF ALIENS are so likely， why have we never seen any？" That is the Fermi Paradox（悻论） - named after Enrico Fermi， a physicist who posed it in 1950．
Fermi's argument ran as follows． The laws of nature supported the appearance of intelligent life on Earth． Those laws are the same throughout the universe． The universe contains zillions of stars and planets． So， even if life is unlikely to arise on any particular astronomical body， the sheer abundance of creation suggests the night sky should be full of alien civilizations． Fermi wondered why aliens had never visited the earth． Today， the paradox is more usually cast in light of the inability of radio-telescope searches to detect the equivalent（相等的） of the radio waves that leak from Earth into the universe， and have done for the past century．
Thinking up answers to this apparent contradiction has become something of a scientific parlour（客厅）game． Perhaps life is really very unlikely． Perhaps the priests are right： human beings were put on Earth by some creator God for His own unknown purposes， and the rest of the universe is merely background scenery． Perhaps there are plenty of aliens， but they have decided that discretion is a safer bet than gathering together． Or perhaps galactic（银河的） society avoids communicating with Earth specifically． One frightening idea is that technological civilizations destroy themselves before they can make their presence known． They might blow themselves up after inventing nuclear weapons （an invention that， on Earth， Fermi had been part of）， or cook themselves to death by over-burning fossil fuels．
In a paper published last month on arXiv， an online repository（文献库） ， a group of three astronomers at Pennsylvania State University have analyzed the history of alien hunting and come to a different conclusion． In effect， they reject one of the paradox" s main theory． Astronomers have seen no sign of aliens， argue Jason Wright and his colleagues， because they have not been looking hard enough．



What is the Fermi Paradox？ ______

A. The law of universe supported the appearance of aliens but we never see any．
B. A theory about whether aliens exist on the earth and why we can't see them．
C. Fermi thought that aliens never existed because it was completely a paradox．
D. Fermi concluded that aliens did exist but they could not be seen by humans．

What can we conclude from the second paragraph？ ______

A. The universe doesn't provide the abundance of creation of life．
B. Fermi thought aliens never visited the earth in the history of human．
C. The inability of radio-telescope may result in the failure of finding aliens．
D. The civilizations on the earth have been detected by aliens in the universe．

What does the word underlined in the third paragraph mean？ ______

A. Getting together．
B. Fighting each other．
C. Hating each other．
D. Living separately．

How do Jason Wright and his colleagues find the Fermi Paradox？ ______

A. They firmly believe that it is out of date．
B. They actually doubt the base of the paradox．
C. They want to prove that it is completely right．
D. They conclude that aliens actually never exist．

It was an extremely hot day．My younger brother Walt and I had decided to go swimming in the stream behind Mr Blickez's house，because it would be the only way to cool ourselves down．Across his farm and through some woods was a deep swimming hole supplied by several cold springs（泉）．
The only problem with our plan was that this farm was guarded by a huge mean Hereford bull（公牛）．Mr Blickez had told us that Elsie，the animal's name，was the meanest bull in town，maybe even the county，and we believed in him．But the hotter it got，the more we thought there was reason to doubt about what he said．For one thing，we remembered Mr Blickez liked telling tall tales； for another，Elsie seemed like a strange name for a bull．Finally，I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the farm，and Mr Blickez finally agreed．
On our way across the farm，we stopped at the fence to admire the swimming hole．The sun shone brightly across the cool waters．We couldn't wait to get there．Suddenly，Walt shouted loudly．Elsie had run to him and was licking（舔） his back．I immediately hid under the fence．However，when I looked up，I saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull at all．She was just a friendly young cow，and she was going to keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still．
When we discovered the truth，we were so happy．We then ran to the swimming hole and jumped in．The water was just as wonderful as we had dreamed．After that day，we had many good days and we often visited our secret swimming hole guarded by the so-called"big mean bull"．



The author and his brother decided to go to swim because ______ ．

A. there was no water to take a shower at home
B. the weather was so hot that they couldn't stand it
C. Mr Blickez invited them to his house for swimming
D. they wanted to try their newly-found swimming hole

What was the problem faced by the author and his brother？ ______

A. They didn't know where to swim．
B. They had to face a very mean bull．
C. Their mother didn't want them to swim．
D. They didn't know how to get to the stream．

What can we know about Mr Blickez？ ______

A. He often tells lies．
B. He is very shy．
C. He is an honest man．
D. He is very kind to children．

When Elsie saw the author's brother，she ______ ．

A. tried to attack him
B. immediately ran away
C. showed her friendliness
D. tried to drive him away

What means of transportation is forbidden for travelers to Mackinac Island？ ______

What can we infer from the text？ ______

There was a story many years ago of a school teacher-Mrs． Thompson． She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same． But that was a lie． There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard． He didn't play well with the other children and he always needed a bath． She did not like him．
Then Mrs． Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother． Mrs． Thompson was ashamed of herself． She felt even worse when， like all her other students， Teddy brought her a Christmas present too． It was his mother's perfume（香水）．
Teddy said， "Mrs． Thompson， today you smell just like my Mom used to．" After the children left she cried for at least an hour． On that very day， she stopped teaching reading， writing and math． Instead， she began to teach children．
Mrs． Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy． The boy's mind seemed to come alive． The more she encouraged him， the faster he improved． By the end of the sixth grade， Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class．
Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy． He wrote that he had finished high school， third in his class， and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life． He went to college． Mrs． Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed， Theodore F． Stoddard， M． D．（医学博士）．
The story doesn't end there． On his wedding day， Dr． Stoddard whispered in Mrs． Thompson's ear， "Thank you， Mrs． Thompson， for believing in me． You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference．"
Mrs． Thompson， with tears in her eyes， whispered back， "Teddy， you have it all wrong． You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference． I didn't know how to teach until I met you．"



What did Mrs． Thompson do on the first day of school？ ______

A. She made Teddy feel ashamed．
B. She asked the children to play with Teddy．
C. She changed Teddy's seat to the front row．
D. She told the class something untrue about herself．

What did Mrs． Thompson find out about Teddy？ ______

A. He often told lies．
B. He was good at math．
C. He needed motherly care．
D. He enjoyed playing with others．

In what way did Mrs． Thompson change？ ______

A. She taught fewer school subjects．
B. She became stricter with her students．
C. She no longer liked her job as a teacher．
D. She cared more about educating students．

Why did Teddy thank Mrs． Thompson at his wedding？ ______

A. She had kept in touch with him．
B. She had given him encouragement．
C. She had sent him Christmas presents．
D. She had taught him how to judge people．

Which of the following sentences is Wrong？ ______

A. Mrs． Thompson told a lie that she loved them all the same on the first day．
B. By the end of the sixth grade， Teddy had become the smartest child in the class．
C. Dr． Stoddard was encouraged and felt himself to be very important．
D. Mrs． Thompson was the best teacher of Dr． Stoddard in his whole life．

Friends play an important part in our lives， and although we may take friendship for granted（take…for granted认为……理所当然）， we often don't clearly understand how to make friends． While we get on well with a number of people， we are usually friends with only a very few of them． For example， the average among students is about 6 per person． In all the cases of friendly relationships， two people like one another and enjoy being together， but beyond that， the degree of intimacy（亲密） between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary（变化） greatly． As we get to know people， we take into account（think about） things like age， race， economic condition， social position， and intelligence． Although these factors（因素） are not of great importance， it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked（great） difference in age and background．
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion， but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs， the same opinions and interests． They often talk about "being on the same wavelength"． It generally takes time to reach this point． And the more intimately involved people become， the more they depend on one another． People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with（stand； bear） annoying（bad） habits and to stand（accept） differences．
In contrast（比较） with marriage， there are no friendship ceremonies纪念日 to strengthen the association（friendship） between two people． But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create（make） a powerful bond（prize； reward）， which can overcome differences in background， and break down barriers（障碍） of age， class or race．



According to the passage， ______ ．

A. friends are those who must share their interests
B. friends are closer than people who just get on with each other
C. all the people know how to make friends
D. every student has six friends

We can learn from the passage that ______ ．

A. friendship can overcome all differences between two people
B. there are no special ceremonies to strengthen friendship
C. standing differences in opinion can lead to friendship
D. friendship can be strengthened by smiles and soft voices

When people talk about "being on the same wavelength"， they mean that they ______ ．

A. watch the same TV programs
B. are the same in all ways
C. have the same background
D. share the same way of thinking and the same interests

Which of the following is NOT implied暗示 in the passage？ ______

A. Even friends may have different opinions．
B. Friends never argue with each other．
C. It generally takes time for people to become close friends．
D. Someone's habits may annoy（upset） his friends．

Turning on the TV， a wonderful scene comes to your eyes - a group of men， tall， strong and handsome， and women， young， beautiful and attractive， too． Together they eat in the finest restaurants， traveling everywhere around the world by luxurious planes and pleasure ships． They are models．
Do you envy them？What sort of life are models leading？Is it a wonderful life for a young lady or a young man？
A few models are well-known actors or actresses who can make a lot of money only by showing themselves off in commercials． But the majority of them are just curious to see what it is like． They′d like to be models just because they are attracted by what they imagine - models earn a lot of money and lead a glorious life． This is true for those who are very successful． However， most models find it difficult to get work． Very few can earn enough to live on， and for all models their expenses are high． Their agents claim about 20% of the earnings， and no model will get very far without a clever agent． Besides， they have to buy good clothing． They also have to pay to travel to interviews and reach the places where the work is to be done．
Interviews for a model job are known as cattle markets in the modeling world， and not without a good reason． A top model can choose his or her work， demand and receive high fees and has his or her expenses paid． But for most models， the situation is quite different． An agent or employer inspects each model much as a farmer inspects cattle at a market． Intelligence， qualifications and personal characteristics count for little against good looks and tight figures． For all except the very few lucky ones， the life of a model is a continual search for work， trying to sell him or her in the face of fierce competition and， sometimes， not particularly moral standards on the part of some employers．
Immigration officials at the airport look suspiciously at a girl whose passport shows her occupation as "Model"， and these are men and women of considerable experience of the world． It comes no surprise to find that some models prefer to put "Secretary" or "Businessman" as their jobs in their passports．



For models， their good looks and tight figures are ______ ，compared with their intelligence and qualifications．

A. more important
B. less needed
C. less essential
D. more looked down upon

Which of the following can lead you to believe according to the passage？ ______

A. A model′s traveling expenses are usually paid by his employer．
B. To be a model， good looks are the most important qualification．
C. Most models have a fairly easy way of life with high pay．
D. A model can hardly be successful without a good agent．

Models often put "Secretary" or "Businessman" instead of "Model" in their passports because ______ ．

A. They want to avoid being stopped to sign their names by fans
B. A person with the occupation of a model is easily attacked by black societies
C. Models are sometimes looked down upon
D. Secretaries and businessmen are free of custom duty

What may be the author's attitude towards modeling？ ______

A. It′s a worthwhile life for a young lady or a young man．
B. He is in favor of young people to try modeling．
C. Before being crazy about a model job， young people should be aware of the difficulties．
D. It is a field in which everyone has a great chance to succeed．

The underlined word "suspiciously" can most probably be replaced by ______ ．

A. doubtfully
B. excitedly
C. proudly
D. sadly

Printable Tags Turn Everyday Objects into Smart Devices Engineers have developed printable metal tags （标签）that could be attached to everyday objects and turn them into smart Internet of Things devices．
The metal tags are made from copper foil （铜箔） printed onto thin， flexible， paper-like materials to reflect WiFi signals． The tags work essentially like "mirrors" that reflect radio signals from a WiFi router（路由器）． When a user's finger touches these "mirrors"， it disturbs the reflected WiFi signals in such a way that can be remotely sensed by a WiFi receiver like a smartphone．
The tags can be nailed onto objects that people touch every day， like water bottles， walls or doors． These objects then become smart and connected devices that can signal a WiFi device whenever a user interacts with them． The tags can also be shaped into thin keypads or smart home control panels that can be used to remotely operate WiFi-connected speakers and other Internet of Things devices．
Xinyu Zhang， a professor of electrical and computer engineering， named the technology LiveTag． He pictures people using LiveTag technology to track human interaction with everyday objects． For example， LiveTag could potentially be used to assess the recovery of patients who have suffered from stroke （中风）． "When patients return home， they could use this technology to provide data based on how they interact with everyday objects at home， whether they are opening or closing doors in a normal way， or if they are able to pick up bottles of water， for example． The amount， intensity and frequency of their activities could be recorded and sent to their doctors to evaluate their recovery，" said Zhang． "And this can all be done in the comfort of their own homes rather than having to keep going back to the clinic for frequent testing，" he added．
The researchers note several limitations of the technology． LiveTag currently cannot work with a WiFi receiver further than one meter away， so researchers are working on improving the tag sensitivity and detection range． Ultimately， the team aims to develop a way to make the tags using normal paper and ink printing， which would make them cheaper to mass produce．



When people touch a printable metal tag， ______ ．

A. they are actually touching a mirror
B. the WiFi router will stop sending signals
C. the reflected WiFi signals will be disturbed
D. their fingers can be sensed by a WiFi router

LiveTag can probably be used to ______ ．

A. precisely locate everyday objects
B. remotely control a WiFi-connected TV
C. easily block signals from WiFi devices
D. greatly improve one's physical condition

LiveTag helps stroke patients by ______ ．

A. evaluating the process of their recovery
B. sending data of their activities to doctors
C. connecting their smartphones with doctors"
D. recording doctors" assessments of their recovery