选择知识点

For my grandpa Tatay's 90th birthday， our family threw him a surprise-we decorated the backyard with Philippinesstyle and asked guests to wear traditional Filipino costume．
While I was jazzed to put on a sarong-like skirt and wrap， my white husband Darren， felt nervous in his barong， a traditional shirt for Filipino man． "I feel like this is cultural appropriation（文化挪用），" he said， "I honestly feel uncomfortable．"
I could understand Darren． Just over this past year， a number of well-known people have gotten into hot water for wearing the dress of other cultures． They had been blamed by the media and the public． But I felt wearing a barong to Tatay's birthday party was not appropriation．I reassured him that it was just a way to express support and a sense of unity with my Filipino family． And we were wearing these outfits as an act of kindness to Tatay． He is losing his memory， but barong is something that remains in his mind．
Still， I wasn't sure whether Darren was appropriating． I turned to an expert for advice．
Erich Matthes， a professor of philosophy， told me that there's no clear definition of cultural appropriation， "It's a really messy thing．"
"It was OK that Darren wore a barong to your family party， for he's been invited to do so． And it's an act of cultural union，"he says．"But it's not OK if you're wearing the clothing of another culture as part of a cultural exploration or education or to intentionally offend or make fun of the group．If you want to weara qipao to a party hosted by Chinese friends， but you are not a member of this group， you should ask the most relevant representatives of the culture． Last， be aware that wearing a culture's dress comes with great responsibility．"
What the expert suggested hit a big point home for me： What we choose to wear has real power．
Seeing Darren in that barong， I knew that he was making an effort to understand and connect with my family． And that， for me， was a beautiful thing．



The author asked her husband to wear a barong mainly because it ______ ．

A. makes him look great
B. helps show family unity
C. keeps a family tradition
D. gives her family a surprise

The underlined phrase "have gotten into hot water" in Paragraph 3 probably means " ______ "．

A. have gotten into trouble
B. have lost their tempers
C. have bathed in hot water
D. have become more popular

According to the article， wearing a culture's dress probably indicates ______ ．

A. accepting cultural education
B. expressing cultural exploration
C. supporting cultural appropriation
D. shouldering cultural responsibility

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ ______

A. How to Prepare a Birthday Party？
B. What to Dress in Different Cultures？
C. Wear Clothing of Another Culture？
D. Wear Traditional Shirts on Birthday？

The Arizona desert is really dry． Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days．Unless， that is， they had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters． Although daytime humidity（湿度）is only about 10 per cent， this rises to 40 per cent at night， which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life - if it can be changed into liquid form．
That's exactly what Yaghi's device does． It's a box about the size of a small microwave ovendesigned to suck the humidity from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source． What makes it work is a powder called a metal-organic framework （MOF）， which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules （分子） onto its surface． Warm it up and the water is released， each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water．"With further improvements， a device， the size of a washing machine， could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household，" says Yaghi， a chemist at the University of California．
One-third of the world's population lacks safe drinking water； for them such a device could be a lifesaver． But that's not the limit of the MOF technology．
Just as MOFs can help solve the problem of water shortage， they offer a way of reducing a lot of greenhouse gases．In April this year， the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere hit an 800，000-year high， contributing to climate change． Recent research suggests ways that MOFs might be able to help mitigate（缓解）this danger to the Earth's ecosystem．
An international team led by chemists from the University of Manchester， UK， reported in 2018 that they had developed an aluminum （Al）-based MOF that can selectively and repeatedly remove another gaseous pollutant， nitrogen dioxide （NO2）， from the surrounding atmosphere． This discovery could lead to air-related technologies that seize and change large quantities of other gases， such as carbon dioxide， to reduce air pollution．
In 2017， a MOF startup pioneer NuMat Technologies employed MOFs to safely store and deliver dangerous gases． For a given pressure， a tank containing a MOF holds more gas than one without． Or， to put it another way， if a gas tank has a MOF in it， then it does not need to be as highly pressurized in order to hold the same amount of gas， making it safer and less likely to explode， and possible less expensive．
Now， about two dozen companies in the past five years are known to be pursuing MOFs， from small startups to larger chemical and automobile companies． And QYResearch forecasts that the MOF market will grow from ﹩70 million in 2017 to ﹩750 million in 2025． "The potential here is just endless，" says Yaghi． "As cheaper materials come into focus， there will continue to be even more opportunities for commercialization．"



MOF changes the sucked humidity into water by ______ ．

A. lowering the temperature
B. collecting carbon dioxide
C. recycling dangerous gases
D. absorbing the heat of the sun

Aluminum-based MOF can be used to ______ ．

A. reduce greenhouse gases
B. produce household water
C. deliver dangerous gases
D. release water molecules

It can be learned that under the same pressure， a tank with a MOF will ______ ．

A. cost more money
B. cause more explosions
C. hold more gases
D. afford more crashes

The main purpose of this passage is to ______ ．

A. explain how to use MOF
B. describe the future of MOF
C. persuade people to buy MOF
D. introduce the functions of MOF

Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults．
A study， which included nearly 1，400 high school students， found those who watched TV for five hours or more every day had less healthy diets than peers（同龄人）five years later． Why does this happen？ Should the parents take any measures？
On the one hand， people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV， especially teenagers， may snack more， and that may affect their long-term diet quality．
On the other hand， TV ads for fast food， sweets and snacks cause teenagers to eat more of those foods． And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids．
Lead researcher Dr． Dahcia J． Barr-Anderson， of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis， told Reuters Health a clear relation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood． While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food， those who'd watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake（吸收） of fruits， vegetables， whole grains and high-calcium food． In her opinion， parents should limit and monitor TV viewing．
As far as I am concerned， children should watch no more than two hours of television per day． And parents should set a good example by eating right， being physically active and curbing their own TV time．



What's the best title for this passage？ ______

A. People should keep away from TV to keep healthy．
B. Teenagers" TV time may affect their diets later．
C. Why do teenagers like TV．
D. Parents" own habits may affect children later．

According to the passage， heavy TV viewers are easy to ______ ．

A. eat more fruits．
B. eat fewer vegetables．
C. eat less junk food．
D. eat high-calcium food．

What suggestion does the author give the parents？ ______

A. They must watch TV with their children．
B. They should stop the children from watching TV．
C. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets．
D. They can't do what they don't want their children to do．

The underlined word "curbing" in the last paragraph can be replaced by ______ ．

A. adding
B. checking
C. controlling
D. stopping

People always think men are more skilled than women in driving． Nowadays women appear to have a positive image of themselves as safer drivers than men．
In a survey done by insurer MetLife， 51% of women said they drive more safely． The evidence is on their side： Men are 3.4times more likely than women to get a ticket for careless driving and 3.1 times as likely to be punished for drunk driving． "Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding drivers， which leads to fewer accidents，" the report says． However， not all male drivers share the same opinion． Of the men surveyed by MetLife， 39% claimed male drivers were safer． The findings did back them up on one point： automotive knowledge． The report showed that more men are familiar with current safety equipment such as electronic stability control， which helps prevent rollover accidents．
Auto safety unavoidably matters to money． Insurance companies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims， and for now， that mainly includes women． In general， women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men． A study by the website Insweb also showed that auto insurance rates are lower for women in most states． Among individual states， women get the greatest advantage in Wyoming（where they pay 20% less）， South Dakota and Washington， D．C．， where their insurance costs are 16% lower．
"More than 119，000 male drivers died in U．S． traffic accident in 2009， compared with just under 4，900 women drivers，" according to the study． "Based on miles traveled， men died at a rate of 2.5 deaths per 100 million miles traveled， vs． 1.7 deaths for women．"



According to the study， male drivers ______ ．

A. are less aggressive while driving
B. are more skilled at auto knowledge
C. are more likely to stick to driving laws
D. are less familiar with safety equipment

Insurance companies focus on female driver clients（客户） probably because they ______ ．

A. cause more accidents on the road but ask for little
B. cause little damage and pay more money to the insurance companies
C. are more careful drivers and cause less damage
D. make up the most part of the insurance clients

We can infer from the passage that ______ ．

A. men are 3.1 times more likely to get tickets than women
B. all women in the USA pay the same for their auto insurance
C. more female drivers die every year than male drivers
D. women are generally safer drivers than the opposite sex

The writer mainly develops paragraphs by ______ ．

A. giving examples
B. making comparisons
C. drawing a conclusion
D. presenting an argument

Some places in the world have strange laws． It's important for you to know about them before going there．
Whoever likes to chew gum （口香糖） may have to leave Singapore． The government really wants to keep the city clean and will fine you for chewing gum．
Before you leave for the United Arab Emirates you'd better make sure you aren't visiting during Ramadan （斋月）． During that time you aren't allowed to eat or drink in public． Tourists have been fined up to﹩275 for drinking in public．
Lovers spend so much time kissing each other goodbye at train stations that trains often start late． This law---no kissing your lover goodbye at train stations---is rather old， and isn't in use today in France．
In Thailand it's against the law to drive a car or motorcycle without a shirt on， no matter how hot it is． Punishments are different in different areas and can include warnings and tickets costing about﹩10． No joke ---the local police will stop you．
Studies in Denmark have shown that cars with their headlights on are more noticeable by other drivers than those with their headlights off． Drivers there are required to leave their headlights on even during the day， or they may face a fine up to﹩100．
Do you often buy things using coins？ Don't do it in Canada． The Currency Law of 1985 doesn't allow using only coins to buy things． Even the use of the dollar-coin is limited （受限制的）． The shop owner has the right to choose whether to take your coins or not．
Make sure you know about these laws before your next trip． Better safe than sorry．



What is mainly talked about in the text？ ______

A. How to make your trip around the world safe．
B. Some strange laws you should know about for your trip．
C. Interesting places you can go to around the world．
D. Why there are strange laws in the world．

If you are driving a car in Thailand， ______ ．

A. the police will play a joke on you
B. the police will give you tickets costing about $10
C. you should wear your shirt even though it's hot
D. you should always keep your headlights on

What can we learn from the text？ ______

A. You can turn your headlights off in daytime in Denmark．
B. Kissing goodbye at train stations isn't allowed in France today．
C. Tourists in the United Arab Emirates shouldn't eat in public．
D. The Singaporean government cares a lot about its environment．

The last male northern white rhino in existence died this week．It marks the end for the entire subspecies and is yet another tragic reminder of how we are destroying our planet．Enough is enough．Please take action today and donate ￡25 to help save the critically endangered eastern black rhino．It's time to take a stand and protect the eastern black rhino．
The world is witnessing the extinction of the northern white rhino．This rare creature was once abundant across Central Africa，but unbelievable rates of illegal hunting for their horns wiped them out until just three individuals were left．With the recent death of Sudan，the last male，only two female northern white rhinos remain．This has to he our final wake-up call-we must stop the senseless killing of rhinos in the wild．Unless we act now，the eastern black rhino could suffer the same fate．It is on the edge of extinction with only 850 left in the wild．You can make a difference-right now．In 2004，Fauna &Flora International（FFI）helped to create O1 Pejeta Conservancy，a safe shelter for endangered animals in Kenya．O1 Pejeta is now home to over 100 eastern black rhinos，and with your support today，we can help keep them safe from illegal hunters．
By making a donation of ￡ 25 by 9 April，you could help us employ，train and equip guards to protect the conservancy and keep these rare animals safe．Your gift could help to protect the last few eastern black rhinos in O1 Pejeta．We must not bear witness to another extinction．Please complete the donation form to help save the eastern black rhino now．
Please return your form to：Freepost FAUNA&FLORA IN'IERNATIONAL，The David Attenborough Building，Pembroke Street，CAMBRIDGE CB2 3QZ，call 01223 749019 or go to www．Save A Rhino．org to donate online．



What's the present situation of the northern white rhinos？ ______

A. They face extinction．
B. 850 rhinos are left in the wild．
C. They are being hunted for their horns．
D. Two female rhinos are ready to produce young．

What's the money raised for？ ______

A. Protecting the eastern black rhinos in O1 Pejeta．
B. Educating people to live with animals in harmony．
C. Saving the endangered female northern white rhinos．
D. Gathering all the eastern black rhinos into a conservancy．

How many ways of donation are mentioned in the text？ ______

A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

" Mayday! We got Mayday!"Frank Pisano screamed over the microphone to the air control tower at the airport．One of the two engines on his plane had failed，and he was now going down towards one of the busiest highways in America-Interstate 405，just south of Los Angeles-and there was no stopping it．
Driving south on the 405，near the airport'S runway，was John Meffert，a fire department captain．He was heading home from his shift when suddenly a low-flying plane caught his eye．After he took a second glance，a thought crossed his mind："This plane's going to hit me．"
He was right．The plane slammed into the road，popped up a few feet，and then clipped the front of Meffert's car．It finally stopped after hitting the divider（隔栏）．Meffert pulled over．He was unhurt，and his car had received only a large scratch，so he turned his attention to the plane．He ran towards the smoke，and then he saw Frank's wife，Janan Pisano，pop her head up on the passenger side．
By the time Meffert reached the aircraft，part of it was on fire and Janan，who was covered in blood，was on the wing trying to pull her husband from the wreck．Meffert，afraid the plane would explode，guided her to safety behind it．Then，he ran back for Frank，who had been knocked out by the initial crash，lying across both seats．
Meffert carefully positioned himself under the pilot's arms and lifted him from the cockpit．Then he dragged the pilot off the wing and carried him to safety，where they could see the plane in flames．
The Pisanos spent three weeks in the hospital．Remarkably，Meffert's car was the only one hit by the plane．Had Meffert been a second or two faster，Frank said，the left propeller（螺旋桨）would have ripped the top off his car and killed him．
"I play all the what-ifs-going slower，going faster．It could have been a very different result，"Meffert said．"We just had a lot of angels．"



What does the underlined word"Mayday"in Paragraph 1 refer to？ ______

A. A special day in May．
B. The arrival time．
C. A message for help．
D. The local airport．

Why was the plane going down to the highway？ ______

A. Only one engine was working．
B. Frank mistook 405 for the runway．
C. The plane caught fire．
D. The pilot was seriously hurt．

What prevented Meffert from being killed？ ______

A. His good sense of direction．
B. His low driving speed．
C. His second glance at the plane．
D. His belief in God．

It can be inferred from the passage that ______ ．

A. Meffert and Frank were friends
B. Meffert's car was not totally damaged
C. Janan Pisano was one of the crew of the airport
D. the plane would take off again when Frank recovered

"When a man has pity on all living creatures， then onlyis henoble，" said Buddha almost 3，000 years ago． It seems that having this born pity towards other living beings is necessary to make a human human． This， however， is proved more often in children than in adults．
Often children are the ones who have the strongest conscience regarding the cruelty to animals． When asking children about their thoughts， you may often hear them say things such as "It is wrong to kill animals"， "Animals should have the same rights as humans"， and "We shouldn't hunt animals for sports．" Some children can be found to be stubborn and enthusiastic in their views， making promises such as "I will never wear a fur coat"， "I don't use products that have been tested on animals" and so on．
Natalie from Kazakhstan is an example of a bright girl with strong opinions about animals． She sees cruelty to animals as a witness to human nature： "People are egoists， showing no concern to environmental problems and thinking only about themselves． I feel a special connection to the animal world． For example， on my street lives a dangerous dog named Shubby． But when we saw each other for the first time， I felt I understood her anger was only surface level and that she really had a kind heart． I gently touched her fur and we became friends． When I grow up and make a lot of money， I want to open an animal shelter．"
Natalie has strong feelings about the world in which we live． She can tell the difference between right and wrong， and is determined to make the world a better place． As we grow older we learn to be more practical and begin to understand the importance of economic development and the simple need to make a livingon a more personal level． But we adults would do well to learn something from children about holding onto our great moral sense．



According to the writer， children's opinions are ______ ．

A. practical and moral
B. straightforward and useless
C. living but wrong
D. inexperienced but valuable

What do we know about Natalie according to the passage？ ______

A. She has a kind heart．
B. She has strange beliefs．
C. She only thinks for herself．
D. She has many bright ideas．

What is the meaning of the underlined word "egoists" in Paragraph 3？ ______

A. A cruel person．
B. A self-centered person．
C. A proud person．
D. A kind-hearted person．

Which of the following would Natalie most probably agree with？ ______

A. Dogs are dangerous and cruel animals．
B. Human beings should leave animals alone．
C. Human beings have a special connection with animals．
D. Animals may become angry without any reason．

Not only is sleep linked with lower stress， better productivity， and a stronger immune system， but studies link good sleep with a healthier weight． The only question is， how many hours should you clock in to gain those benefits？
To find out how sleep time affects diet during the day， researchers gathered 42 adults who admitted they don't sleep much every night． Half of the participants kept their normal sleep schedule， while half were trained in the sleep pattern with the goal of helping them sleep an extra 90 minutes every night． All the volunteers wore wrist monitors to track their sleep time．
After four weeks， the trained group in good sleep habits added an average of 47 minutes between the time they fell asleep and woke up compared to the group that didn't change its schedule， according to the results in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition． Plus， 86 percent of the trained group started spending more time in bed， adding an extra 55 minutes instead of 47 minutes on average．
That extra sleep showed some real-world benefits that could help explain why lack of sleep is associated with fatness． The sleep-trained group ate an average of 176 fewer calories（卡路里） a day； in comparison， the other group ate only seven fewer calories every day． Best of all， those calories were cut from less healthy sources． Those who slept more cut ten grams of sugar from their diets every day， while the others changed their sugar intake by less than a gram．The newly better sleepers also ate their daily carbs（碳水化合物）reduced by 22 grams， while the shorter sleepers actually ate 3 more grams．Even with better sleep and dietary habits， the participants didn't show much weight change over the course of the study， but the results are consistent with past research linking sleep with a healthy weight， like one study that found people burn more fat when getting a full night's rest．
The researchers are optimistic that a little extra shut-eye could be the help people need when trying to lose pounds．"Our results …suggest that increasing time in bed for an hour or so longer may lead to healthier food choices，" Haya Al Khatib， PhD， tells King's College London．



How many extra minutes did the trained group sleep at least？ ______

A. 47
B. 55
C. 86
D. 90

According to Paragragh 4， a shorter sleeper is likely to ______ ．

A. consume less sugar
B. burn more fat
C. eat more calories
D. eat fewer carbs

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ ______

A. Healthy sleep and habits leads to apparent weight change．
B. Half of the participants were asked to wear wrist monitors in the study．
C. The sleep-trained group choose more unhealthy sources a day than the other group．
D. The two groups both reduced their sugar intake by diverse amounts．

What can we conclude according to the passage？ ______

A. More sleep， less weight．
B. Go to bed the moment it is possible．
C. Additional appropriate sleep can help keep fit．
D. Increasing time in bed contributes to healthier food choices．

Cheating is nothing new． But it's becoming a lot more sophisticated． Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin was caught out once． A photo taken after the speech she'd given on a "return to conservative principles" showed her left hand covered with crib notes． These included the words "energy， budget cuts， tax" and "lift Americans" spirits"． The word "budget" had been crossed out． Video footage also showed her reading from her hand when asked what top three things a conservative-led congress should do． Writing notes on your hand is one way to cheat in an exam． But these days， it's a lot easier …especially with the Internet．
Anyone who wants to cheat in an exam can probably find the answers online． There are hundreds of sites offering solutions to all sorts of tests． And it's a lucrative business． One operator in Oregon made ﹩700，000 in about nine months before his arrest． The owner of a website in Ohio pocketed more than ﹩300，000． And a famous overseas site is estimated to sell about 146，000 sets of answers and take in about ﹩10 million per year． Actually， getting hold of the exam answers isn't that hard． Some do the exam themselves and use button cameras or document-scanning pens to copy the tests． Others organize for a group to take tests repeatedly until they can memorize the entire exam between them． Others simply bribe exam administrators．
At the moment， such business is booming． More and more companies now require their employees to take professional exams． And hundreds of businesses and trade organizations have introduced formal certification programs to measure employee skills． In the US alone， at least 2 million exams are taken every year for information technology certification． But employees also have to take exams for all sorts of professions from crane operators to court reporters to school bus drivers and financial planners． Test officials estimate that hundreds of thousands of test-takers have used the Internet to buy answers for professional tests． And a recent survey found that 28 percent of test centres had at least one cheating incident over the last five years． In one incident， tens of thousands of soldiers obtained answers to tests in a range of military skills．
Many see this as a cause for concern． Many tests are for work in sensitive areas such as defence installations and hospitals． Now， how would you feel if you knew that the people in charge of the computers controlling nuclear weapons might have cheated in their tests， and may not really know what they're doing？



Why does the author mention Sarah Palin in the first paragraph？ ______

A. To exhibit the fact that cheating is common in various fields．
B. To discourage average people from writing notes on their hands．
C. To show much disagreement as to cheating among political leaders．
D. To introduce the negative influences of cheating in front of the public．

The underlined word "lucrative" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______ ．

A. ripe
B. stable
C. profitable
D. fresh

What is the main cause of more cases of cheating？ ______

A. The formation of employee skills．
B. The availability of information technology．
C. The popularity of the cheating industry．
D. The requirement of taking professional exams．