选择知识点

阅读以下英文,完成下列题。
People often use their phones to take pictures of their meals—especially fancy(华丽的)ones—to share online. But Clear Plate, a WeChat mini-program, encourages you to take pictures of your empty plates after a meal. The program’s AI(智能)“sees” that your plates are empty and gives you points. You can use these points to buy yourself gifts or give away the points to buy meals for children in poor areas.
The program was developed by Liu Jichen, 23, a student at Tsinghua University. Liu came up with the idea in 2017.“Technology is a good way to cut down food waste,” said Liu. He put together a 20-member team to work on the program. To teach the program’s Al how to recognize(辨别)empty plates, the team spent half a year collecting100,000 photos from restaurants in 10 cities.
The team also started a campaign called Clear Your Plate in Chinese universities in 2018.Students compete against each other to see who can get those most points in Clear Plate. Now in its third year, the one-month campaign has reached 1, 017 schools. In 2020, almost 16 million people took part in it, cutting down food waste by 862 tons and carbon emissions(排放)by 3, 337 tons.
Thanks to his work, Liu was chosen as one of the United Nations’ 2020 Class of Young Leaders for the Sustainable Development Goals(可持续发展目标). “We hope our efforts can encourage young people to cherish(珍惜)the food and save the food,” Liu said.
(1)People are encouraged to share their_______ plates after meals in the program Clear Plate.
A.empty B.fancy C.full D.creative
s AI(智能)‘sees’ that your plates are empty and gives you points. ”可知，在“光盘打卡”微信小程序中，人们被鼓励在饭后分享他们的空盘子。故选A。
(2)Why did Lin develop the program?
A.To make people enjoy their lives.
B.To develop science and technology.
C.To cut down food waste.
D.To complete his homework in the university.
(3)What does the underlined word “campaign” mean?
A.volunteer. B.ability. C.communication. D.activity.
(4)What can we know from the passage?
A.We can give away points in the program to our friends to buy meals.
B.Liu’s team made efforts to teach the program’s AI how to recognize empty plates.
C.In 2018, 1, 017 schools took part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.
D.Liu was the youngest leader of the United Nations.
(5)What is the best title for the passage?
A.How can we become good leaders.
B.The ways to save food.
C.A program helps us save food.
D.Everyone can be an inventor.

阅读以下英文,完成下列题。
The pneumonia (肺炎) caused by novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) is a newly-found disease from which the public should strengthen prevention.
Here are some tips for you to prevent catching the infection (传染).
①Wear masks outdoors.
Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected as the virus is predominantly spread in droplets (飞沫).
Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin (下巴) so that your nose and mouth are both covered. If you’ re not feeling well or have symptoms (症状) such as cough, fever, fatigue(疲劳) and trouble breathing, a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading viruses to others.
②Cover your coughs and sneezes with tissue (纸巾).
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze and avoid covering with your hands directly. A healthy adult can release around 300, 000 microbes (微生物) including bacteria (细菌) and viruses when coughing or sneezing.
③Wash your hands frequently and properly.
Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds, especially：
•Before eating and after using the toilet
•After returning home
•After touching trash or garbage
•After contacting with animals or handling animal wastes
④Strengthen your immune(免疫) system and exercise regularly.
Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections.
⑤Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations and airports.
⑥Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms. Avoid contact with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection.
(1)______ is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected as the virus is predominantly spread in droplets (飞沫).
A.Wearing glasses B.Wearing a scarf C.Wearing a hatD.Wearing a mask
(2)A healthy adult can release around _______ microbes (微生物) including bacteria (细菌) and viruses when coughing or sneezing.
A.30,000 B.500,000 C.300,000 D.3,000,000
(3)In order to prevent catching the infection, you should wash your hands thoroughly, especially ________.
①Before eating and after using the toilet
②after returning home
③After touching trash or garbage
④After contacting with animals or handling animal wastes
A.①③④ B.②③④ C.①②③ D.①②③④
(4)Which of the following is NOT true about the prevention of the pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus?
A.Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections.
B.Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places.
C.Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms.
D.Contact with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection.
(5)From which is the text probably taken?
A.A travel guide. B.A geography textbook.
C.A science magazine. D.A storybook

阅读以下英文,完成下列题。
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples(样本)from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme(极端的)conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
(1)What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A.Jerry’s friends. B.Jerry’s achievements.
C.High mountains. D.A geography magazine.
(2)What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Satisfied. B.Lonely. C.Patient. D.Worried.
(3)Why did Jerry set a team of top adventures?
A.To make friends. B.To help scientists.
C.To study plants. D.To train scientists.
(4)Jerry’s and his friends’ adventures had changed ________.
A.their hobbies B.their friendship
C.their understanding of life D.their living conditions
(5)Which can be the best title for the passage?
A.Dangerous Mountains Climbing.
B.Important Scientific Discoveries.
C.Plants Found on High Mountains.
D.Adventures Turned into Something Greater.

阅读以下英文,完成下列题。
There are some places in the world where great cities once stood. There were gardens , trees and grass. But now these cities have gone and the places are like deserts. Scientists began to study this land to find out what happened. Many of them believed the land died when the trees were cut down.
Trees help other plants grow and help hold the soil in place. They keep the soil from blowing away.The leaves of trees on the ground keep rainwater from running off. Trees near farms protect growing plants rainwater from running off. Trees near farms protect growing plants from strong winds.
Once there were hundreds of farms in the Southwestern United States. Then the farms turned into fields of dry dust. Trees might have saved these farms. But few trees grow in the dry Southwest now.
Now we try to save trees. In many places, when a tree is cut down, a new tree is planted in its place. We do not want the land to die.
(1)Places where great cities once stood are now like ________ .
A.farms B.gardens
C.deserts D.fields
(2)What can trees do according to the passage?
A.Trees can keep other plants green.
B.Trees can help other plants grow.
C.Trees can help the land grow.
D.Trees can keep other plants in place.
(3)Which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A.Trees let the rainwater run off.
B.All the farms in the United States have turned into deserts.
C.There aren't any trees in the dry Southwest now.
D.Land will die if there are no trees.
(4)The main idea of the passage is ________.
A.that farms are better than cities
B.how farms mined into deserts
C.that trees help other plants grow
D.that trees are important to the land
(5)From the passage we know that________.
A.trees can blow soil away
B.man should protect the land
C.trees grow only in deserts
D.trees die easily

　　There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career. I wasn’t an excellent student. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and just accepted that I wasn’t the type to have a career.
　　I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls. It wasn’t too bad at first. But the problems began when my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, she’d give me time off the next. But unfortunately(不幸地是), it didn’t often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.
　　One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan, who used to go to school with me. She suggested I get a qualification if I wanted to work with children. I didn’t think I would be accepted but the local college was really helpful. My experience counted a lot and I got on a part-time course. Then I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.
　　Now I’ve got a full-time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you aren’t top of the class at school. I really love my job and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important.
1). What is the author’s present job?
A. Working part-time in a college.
B. Taking care of children for a family.
C. Helping children with their schoolwork.
D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.
2). When staying with the two girls’ family, the author______.
A. was paid for extra work B. often worked long hours
C. got much help from her boss D. took a day off every other week
3). Megan is possibly the author’s ______.
A. classmate B. boss C. teacher D. student
4). Why did the author leave her first job?
A. She found a full-time job.
B. She was fed up with children.
C. She decided to attend a part-time course.
D. She needed a rest after working extra hours.
5). What has the author learned from her own experiences?
A. Less successful students can still have a career.
B. Qualifications are necessary for a career.
C. Hard work makes an excellent student.
D. One must choose the job she likes.

　　At East China University of Science and Technology, students will get a coupon(优惠券)if they eat up their food. Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines» mobile phone covers and hand warmers.
　　“It’s been such a surprise”, said Liang Zhaoyun , 19, a student at the university in Shanghai. “It has given us one more motivation to finish our food.”
　　The measure is part of a national “eat-up" Campaign (行动)which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses(校园).
　　Why only on campuses? You might ask. Because according to a report by Xinhua News Agency, students waste twice as much food as the national average(平均).
　　The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country.
　　“The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle, “ said Tao Siliang, secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University.
　　But some school food is poorly prepared, so students don’t like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it.
　　“I'm glad that we^, ve reduced food waste since the‘eat-up’ campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses, ” said Tao.
1). From Paragraph 1, we know that the students will get a coupon______.
A. when they eat school food B. after they exchange gifts
C. if they finish all their food D. if they collect the waste
2). The underlined word “motivation” in Paragraph 2 means ______in Chinese.
A.动力 B.机会 C.实验 D.条件
3). The “eat-up” campaign is carried out on campuses because______.
A. students get a good education B. schools offer small gifts
C. students waste too much food D. school food is more delicious
4). The purpose of the campaign is mainly to______.
A. improve the school food standard
B. encourage a greener and healthier lifestyle
C. receive attention from the society
D. further improve the service in universities
5). The best title for this passage may be______.
A. Enjoy Your Food B. Reduce Waste on Campus
C. Meals in Universities D. “Eat-up” Campaign on Campus

　　Good readers find that they read in many different ways—not always in exactly the sameway, no matter in what language they are reading.
　　For example, if you are reading a newspaper in Chinese and have a very short time to read. Because a friend will be coining to see you soon, you will read that newspaper in a certain way. You will probably let your eyes skim the entire page, stopping for a few seconds at each of the headlines（大字标题）or titles on the page, then quickly making a first choice of what to read. You may read the first article very quickly, again perhaps by skimming, and move on to other articles that have caught your interest, skimming those articles as well.
　　When you read in English, you cannot always make a choice as quickly and automatically（自动地, 无意识地）as you do when you read in Chinese. You need to stop to think, sometimes just for a second, about how to read something. These are questions you should ask yourself.
　　The purpose for your reading is the most important question to answer. Will you be tested on the main idea? Will you need to remember specific details? Is this something you are reading just for fun, such as a short story or a novel? You should be prepared to read for each of these purposes in a different way.
　　WHAT DO I ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC?
　　It is useful to think about ideas you already have about the material you are about to read. If you are reading in class, it is helpful for the whole group to suggest information, which might be written on the blackboard or on a piece of paper. This activity called “brainstorming” will help you to anticipate（预先了解）the Content（内容）.
　　Look at the comprehension exercises which follow the reading material. Read the items before beginning. This will help you know what you will need to remember, and thus will guide the way in which you choose to read the article. If you need to separate main ideas from details, you will pay specific attention to main ideas of the article and not pay special attention to details at all.
1). What will you do first when you read a newspaper in Chinese?
A. First skim the entire page to find what you are interested in.
B. Just to read every thing carefully.
C. Read the news word by word.
D. Only pay attention to the pictures on it.
2). When you read in English, you______.
A. can make a choice as quickly as reading a newspaper in Chinese
B. need to stop to think why I read it
C. shouldn’t read it word by word
D. shouldn't read carefully
3). What’s the meaning of “brainstorming” in the passage?
A. Much information about the article you’ll read written on the blackboard or
on a piece of paper.
B. Giving out some words as many as you know.
C. Thinking about something quickly.
D. A storm that you can think of.
4). When you do the comprehension exercises, you’d better______.
A. first read the reading material over
B. read the first paragraph carefully
C. look at the problems following the reading material
D. just skim the first sentence in each paragraph
5). What is the proper title of the passage?
A. Thinking About How You Read B. Why Do You Read
C. When Do You Read D. What Are You Interested in

　　A new law makes it legal to have dogs in the outdoor areas of restaurants in New York.
　　In the past, health and safety laws made it illegal to bring dogs to any restaurant in New York. But last May state lawmakers voted to let people bring dogs to restaurants that had tables outdoors. Not one lawmaker voted no. The law was soon passed. Several special rules are included in this law. Dogs must be kept on a leash(绳子).They must not share water bowls. Restaurants can also choose to let people bring dogs or not.
　　New York joins California, Florida and Maryland in the list of states with similar laws. In many European countries, bringing dogs to restaurants is common. Paris in France has allowed dogs to go with their owners in restaurants for a long time.
　　Governor Andrew Cuomo believes that this new law will help businesses grow. But not all New Yorkers are happy about this new law. Christopher Miller is a spokesman for the New York City Department of Health. He told the New York Daily News that having dogs in restaurants could cause problems. “ The Department of Health loves all dogs, but just not in restaurants where they can create a risk to the health and safety of diners, restaurant workers and other dogs, “ Miller said.
　　New York is often the source of new ideas and attitudes in the US. A law forcing some restaurants in the city to show the amount of calories(卡路里)in the food they served was passed in 2009. A former mayor tried unsuccessfully to stop the sale of large amounts of soft drinks in 2012. Smoking was made illegal in restaurants in 1993.
1). What can we learn about the new law from the second paragraph?
A. Its benefits. B. Its importance.
C. Its date of birth. D. Its special rules.
2). How many states in America have similar laws now?
A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Two.
3). What did Christopher Miller think of the new law?
A. It would help businesses grow.
B. It would be bad for the environment.
C. It would cause health and safety problems.
D. It would make people pay more attention to dogs.
4). Which of the following is illegal in restaurants in New York now?
A. Smoking. B. Bringing dogs.
C. Serving high-calorie food. D. Selling soft drinks in big cups.
5). Who can be not created a risk to the health and safety by having dogs in restaurants?
A. Diners. B. Restaurant workers.
C. Other dogs. D. Police.

　　Good afternoon, everyone! This is Rose Garden Middle School Radio. John Smith speaking, with something new to share with you today. We all know that thinking green is sometimes the most difficult thing to do, but not impossible! Bed ZED, a new eco-friendly(生态) village in the south of London, has done a great job of providing its villagers with a high level living while getting them to pay more attention to protecting the environment.
　　People in Bed ZED have done many things. They recycle their paper, plastic, glass and other daily things. They build many houses whose windows face south in order to get as much sunlight as possible. The rainwater is collected for use in the toilets. Also, the people there travel to work in shared cars or use public transportation if they work far away.
　　Now, you may think it’s not easy to live such a life, but let me tell you, it’s not! It’s a way of life! We just have to say no to what is bad for the environment, and begin working on ideas to protect it. Life would be much more pleasant if villages like Bed ZED existed(存在)all over the world! Thank you for listening!
1). What people in Bed ZED often do is______
A. to build a lot of houses
B. to go to work in their own cars
C. to drive their cars to work
D. to recycle the paper, plastic and glass
2). In Bed ZED, the water used in the toilet may come from______.
A. river water B. running water
C. collected rainwater D. drinking water
3). People in Bed ZED usually go to work if they work far away.
A. by bus B. on foot C. by bike D. by car
4). The expression “thinking green” might mean the same as______.
A. building a green house
B. keeping simple thoughts
C. protecting the environment
D. like things that are green
5). The writer’s opinion is that ______.
A. people should be against building eco-friendly villages
B. Bed ZED is a good example in protecting the environment
C. the idea of thinking green is hard to work on
D. to live a village like Bed ZED is very hard

　　Social life in America varies tremendously (极大地)from office to office. Big companies may have clubs, sports team, trips, dance classes, or other employee activities which you can join or not as you like, while small companies usually can’t afford these activities.
　　In general, people go to lunch with each other by invitation when they feel like it. Usually people of high rank would invite those of lower rank rather than the other way around, but lines are not closely drawn. Except for special occasions, every one pays for himself or herself regardless of(不管)whether or not an invitation is offered.
　　It is quite acceptable for men or women colleagues(同事), single or married, to go out together for lunch. This may be the extent(范围) to which your office friends will invite you. Although in general Americans readily take people home with them, they often do not want to mix business and social life, If this is the case in your place of work, you will have to seek your friendships through other channels.
1). How does social life differ from office to office in America?
A. Employees in big companies enjoy more activities.
B. Employees in small companies enjoy more activities.
C. Employees in big companies make more friends.
D. Employees in small companies go to lunch together more often.
2). Who usually pays for the food when your office friends invite you to lunch together?
A. Your best friend pays.
B. Your friends pay half.
C. Every one pays for himself or herself.
D. You pay half.
3). When someone invite you, you ______.
A. must join them
B. should be polite
C. should pay for them
D. make a decision by your own will
4). According to the passage, it is usually ______who invite office workers.
A. people of higher position B. people of lower position
C. the customers D. close friends
5). What should you do to get friendships if your colleagues do not want to mix business and social life?
A. You should visit your colleagues^, home more often.
B. You should refuse to go to your colleagues^, home.
C. You should try to make friends with others.
D. You should work harder and get praise of your colleagues.