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You can tell a lot about people by looking at their hair – not just whether they brush, spray or blow-dry. Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.
Water is central to the new technique. The liquid makes up more than half an adult human's body weight. Our bodies break water down into hydrogen(氢) and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues, fingernails, and hair.
But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. In the case of hydrogen, for example, there are three types according to their weights. Each type is called a hydrogen isotope（同位素）. And depending on where you live, tap water contains different isotopes.
Can hair record this information? That's what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental chemist at the University of Utah, wondered. To find it out, he and his colleagues collected hair from hair stylists in 65 cities across the United States. Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the researchers have found that people's hair has the same isotopes as found in local tap water. That's probably because people usually cook their food with the local water.
Authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues. For example, one hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had moved from San Francisco to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.
（1）What do we know about the hydrogen isotopes according to Paragraph 3?
A.They are classified by size.  
B.Each type of them differs in weight.
C.They can improve the quality of tap water.   
D.Some of them cannot combine with oxygen.
（2）Why is it possible to know where people are from by analyzing their hair?
A.People use the same bottled water.
B.People wash their hair in different ways.
C.People's hair is affected by the weather of the places they stay.
D.People' hair indicates the type of water in the places they stay.
（3）The last paragraph is mainly to show _______.
A.how to recognize criminals
B.how to collect hair samples
C.the usefulness of hair analysis
D.the process of Ehleringer's study
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.Water composition
B.Change your hair
C.Hair detectives
D.No way out

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Inside the Rain Room
The Rain Room has arrived and local art lovers are taking notice. Is it worth the wait? Yes, I assure you it is. Once inside, visitors find a long, dark room with a high ceiling. A single bright light shines through heavy rain falling around visitors. The mist. The damp air. The noise. It feels like a mighty storm is pouring down. But the storm is inside. And visitors aren't getting wet. Instead, visitors wander in awe, admiring the rain and the artists who created it.
The Rain Room was created to highlight the connection between humans, nature and technology. With a tracking system that senses movement and stops the rain wherever visitors move, it does just that. Light and sound produce an experience that feels both natural and foreign. The exhibit is moving on to Atlanta next month. I urge you to visit before then. It's time to experience the Rain Room for yourself!
Welcome to the Rain Room
• The Rain Room features falling water. Please be aware you may get slightly wet. However, visitors wearing raincoats will be turned away.
• This exhibit features advanced technology. To ensure its effectiveness, please avoid wearing dark or reflective clothing.
• Visitors are welcome to take photographs of the exhibit.
• Children must be accompanied by an adult.
• For the convenience of all guests, visits are limited to 10 minutes.
（1）What's the purpose of the text?
A.To attract visitors to a new art exhibit.
B.To explain how an exhibit has been created.
C.To describe the technology used in the exhibit.
D.To promote the artists taking part in an exhibit.
（2）What's the function of the exhibit's tracking system?
A.To keep visitors from getting wet.
B.To protect the exhibit from water damage.
C.To time how long visitors are in the room.
D.To count the number of visitors in the room.
（3）What must you do when visiting the Rain Room?
A.Wear a raincoat.
B.Wear dark clothing.
C.Leave your camera outside.
D.Pass through within 10 minutes.

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Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.
The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.
Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20-metre-wide canals had been carved through the mountain.
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.
（1）What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?
A.Reducing flooding and watering farmland.
B.Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.
C.Watering farmland and improving water quality.
D.Drying the river and supplying cities with water.
（2）What was the main cause of the Minjiang Rivers flooding?
A.Heavy rains.
B.Melting snow.
C.Low river banks.
D.Steep mountains.
（3）How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei?
A.By using gunpowder.
B.By flooding the rocks with water.
C.By applying a heating and cooling technique.
D.By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.
（4）Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?
A.It preserves much of the natural river life.
B.It took very little time to complete the project.
C.The building techniques used were very modem.
D.It has raised the living standards of the local people.

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A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer（驯鹿）there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent. The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.
In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃, grasslands have become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive（孕育）more calves.
However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.
Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen , said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio（表面积与体积比）, they are no particularly energy efficient.
Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers（鹿角）, but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food. “The implication（含义）are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,”said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.
（1）Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?
A.Heavy snow.
B.Greater rainfall.
C.Hard ice.
D.Global warming.
（2）According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to_________.
A.grass growing more rapidly in summer
B.more rainfall in the arctic area in winter
C.female reindeer's gaining more weight in winter
D.female reindeer's suffering from hunger in winter
（3）What does the underlined word“gloomy”in the last paragraph mean?
A.Exciting.
B.Optimistic.
C.Disappointing.
D.Doubtful.
（4）How does the writer develop the passage?
A.By analyzing the research.
B.By classification of reindeer.
C.By comparing opinions of experts.
D.By telling stories of different species.

If you ever visit an English village，make sure to look out for morris dancing．Undoubtedly one of the strangest traditions of English culture，morris dancing is a form of folk dancing that dates back to the 15th century．If you ever get the opportunity，you really have to see it．
Men and women wearing old-fashioned，shabby clothing dance in the streets of towns and villages across the country during the holiday periods．Women wear long，frilly（有褶皱边的） skirts and men wear short trousers with bells attached to them．They dance to traditional folk music which is often played on traditional musical instruments．
Some groups carry heavy black sticks which they beat against each other while they dance．Other groups wave handkerchiefs in the air while they perform．The dances are usually performed near a pub so that when it's over，the dancers and audience can sing some traditional folk songs over a pint of beer．The celebrations will often continue long into the night，by which point most people are too drunk to think about performing again．
Morris dancing is a great English tradition but it's facing a big crisis．As the years go by，fewer and fewer young people are joining morris dancing groups．The dancers are getting older and older and eventually，if nothing is done to change this trends，the tradition will die out within the next few decades．
If you've ever had the fortune to see morris dancing，you may understand why teenagers aren't rushing to sign up．Putting it to the point，it's not exactly the coolest thing for an 18-year-old to be doing．Why dress up in bells and funny costumes when you could be going clubbing？Or playing sport？Or doing anything else？
However，it would be a great shame to lose such a fun and lively part of England's history and culture．It's important to look after some traditions and customs especially when it's something as harmless and happy as morris dancing．So here's a toast to the next generation of would-be morris dancers!Let's hope they don't leave it too late．



What is the passage mainly about？ ______

A. The origins of morris dancing
B. The popularity of morris dancing
C. The protection of morris dancing
D. The introduction of morris dancing

What do we know about morris dancers？ ______

A. They dance in pubs late into the night
B. They perform with sticks or handkerchiefs
C. They wear long dresses with bells attached
D. They sing folk music while they dance

What is the present situation of morris dancing？ ______

A. It is losing appeal among young people
B. It is keeping pace with people's demand
C. It is witnessing great changes in history
D. It is being criticized by modern people

What does the author think about morris dancing？ ______

A. It helps to stay healthy
B. It is fun for teenagers
C. It deserves more attention
D. It is too old-fashioned．

Internet communication is having a positive influence on education in and out of the classroom．The Internet provides the chance for people anywhere in the world to access quality educational services from the comfort of their home．The Internet allows you to have access to educational chances on your schedule，and at your own pace．
Classroom usage of computers in the United States began in the early 1980s．By the late 1990s，Internet usage became widespread，becoming important in classroom instruction．The late 1999s also saw the rise of Internet-based post-secondary educational programs that allow students to earn a college degree without attending a class in a traditional institution．
Internet usage opens the whole world of information and communication to students．Students can access libraries from any city of the world at any time day or night．Students can have 24hour access to all materials needed to complete an assignment．
Students use computer technology and communication tools to research，develop and publish school projects．They develop critical thinking skills that are important in decision making processes．Teachers need to equip students with a new set of skills which will enable them to discover，analyze，evaluate，and combine the vast amounts of information．Students must become information managers．
Students who learn to use computers and the Internet proficiently（熟练地）develop faculties that are required in the 21st century workplace．Internet usage allows students and workers to communicate efficiently，increase productivity and improve creative thinking．The pace of technological change is pushing students to continue learning new skills and duties．The reality of fast change will challenge fixed instructional methods，and will change schools into technological training centers．



Which of the following is false according to the first four paragraphs？ ______

A. Students have access to qualified education at home at their own pace．
B. Students can earn a college degree without attending traditional classes．
C. Students get materials easily from the Internet to finish their assignments．
D. Students learn a lot from the Internet without using critical thinking skills．

What does the underlined word"faculties"in Paragraph 5 mean？ ______

A. Possibilities．
B. Positions．
C. Abilities．
D. Lectures．

What makes students seek to learn new skills continuously？ ______

A. The high pace of modern society．
B. The rapid change of technology．
C. The importance of classroom teaching．
D. The development of teaching methods．

What is the text mainly about？ ______

A. The influence of the Internet on education．
B. Ways to improve classroom teaching online．
C. The importance of the Internet communication．
D. The relationship between the Internet and education．

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When summer arrives, it's not uncommon to get a strong desire for sand and water. But those who can only make day-long trips may find it hard to achieve. Don't worry! Plenty of opportunities for kicking back in the sand exist here in Ohio, although it's far away from the oceans.
East Harbor State Park Beach
1169 N. Buck Rd., Lakeside-Marblehead
Those looking for a bit of extra space between their blankets and their neighbors' will like this beach. At 1,500 feet long, the sandy strip has a significant amount of real estate(房产）for sunning or relaxing in the shade. Amenities(设施）include a bathhouse, vending machines, grills and picnic tables.
Nickel Plate Beach
Corner of Tiffin Avenue and Nickel Plate Drive, Huron
Anyone who spends a day at the beach knows that swimming and doing sports on the beach give you a good appetite. Luckily, Nickel Plate Beach offers a variety of dining options nearby, including beachside pizza delivery. Amenities include a sheltered picnic area, charcoal grills, playground equipment and beach volleyball courts.
Main Street Beach
Main Street, Vermilion
No beach umbrella or chairs? No problem. This beach offers hourly rents of chairs, umbrellas, tables, shade tents and wheelchairs. And with downtown Vermilion only a block away，shops and restaurants are nicely within reach. Amenities include an observation deck and some benches. No lifeguards are on duty.
Kelleys Island State Park Beach
920 Division St. Kelleys Island
With its gradual water depth, this beach is perfect for young children. The park's campground also includes a playground and a store with snacks and ice cream. Other amenities include a picnic shelter and hiking trails.
（1）What do the beaches have in common?
A.They are all at the seaside.
B.They are all close to downtown areas.
C.There are lifeguards on duty on all the beaches.
D.They serve the needs of people who cannot travel long distance.
（2）Which beach is the best choice for people who don’t like to be crowded around?
A.East Harbor State Park Beach.
B.Nickel Plate Beach.
C.Main Street Beach.
D.Kelleys island State Park Beach.
（3）Who will be more likely attracted by Nickel Plate Beach?
A.Hiking lovers who are going on a diet.
B.Athletic men who get hungry easily.
C.A family with two children under 10.
D.An aged couple with no shade tents.
（4）Which of the following is one of the attractions of Kelleys Island State Park Beach? /
A.Children can swim in the shallow water.
B.People can rent whatever they need there.
C.Parents can leave their children with lifeguards.
D.People can do shopping and enjoy the sunshine at the same time.

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Top UK Summer Camps
Oxford Summer Academy,Oxford
The Oxford Summer Academy is a specialized program for 16-19-year-olds who want a taste of life at one of the world's most well-known universities.Activities range from morning tutorials（辅导）to afternoon electives that are designed to broaden students' understanding of what they'll be studying and how to be excellent in their chosen fields.
Ardmay House,Long Loch,Scotland
Ardmay House is the sort of adventure camp that makes adults jealous.Campers are presented with Lord of The Rings type settings to feel and try new things.With activities like climbing,beach art,fashion shows and quiz nights, kids are brought closer to nature and their peers in a fun and safe environment.
Uppingham Summer School,Uppingham
The Uppingham Summer School offers an impressive variety of summer courses from arts and crafts to theatre, cookery and sports.It was their Creativity Technologies Powerhouse that caught our eye when researching camps for this article.The course covers everything from iPhone app and design to computer game design,film-making,robot design and music technology.It's basically a course that takes them through the most exciting technology among the modem media.It's an amazing environment for kids to learn and grow in.
Learn and Experience,Yorkshire
Learn and Experience focuses on giving kids from the UK and abroad a chance to interact and have a good time with one another,an experience that makes them grow as individuals.With half the campers coming from abroad,it's a golden opportunity for curious kids to put their geography classes into practice without having to leave the country.
（1）Who will be most interested in Oxford Summer Academy?
A.Those who are entering Oxford.
B.Those who have to improve their studies.
C.Those who want to practice their oral English.
D.Those who want to experience the life of Oxford.
（2）The Uppingham Summer School attracts kids mainly because of      .
A.its art courses
B.its amazing environment
C.its creative technology courses
D.its good condition
（3）A student who wants to put his geography knowledge to practical use will go to      .
A.Oxford Summer Academy, Oxford
B.Ardmay House, Long Loch, Scotland
C.Uppingham Summer School, Uppingham
D.Learn and Experience, Yorkshire

Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons：a combination of savings，income，scholarships，and a modest amount of borrowing．Then her husband lost his job，and the plan fell apart．
"I have two kids in college，and I want to say'come home，"but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，"says Jacobs．
The Jacobs family did work out a solution：They asked and received more aid from the schools，and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan （贷款） program．They will each graduate with﹩20，000 of debt，but at least they will be able to finish school．
With unemployment rising，financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs．More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to need student loans．College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around．
At the same time，tuition（学费）continues to rise．A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982to 2007，while average family income rose just 147%．Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade，
"If we go on this way for another 25years，we won't have an affordable system of higher education，"says Patrick M．Callan，president of the center．"The middle class families have been financing it through debt．They will send kids to college whatever it takes，even if that means a huge amount of debt．"
Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them．The good news，however，is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing，and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted．



How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem？ ______

A. They asked their kids to come home．
B. They borrowed $20，000 from the school．
C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs．
D. They got help from the school and the federal government．

Financial aid administrators believe that ______ ．

A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobs family
B. the government will receive more letters of complaint
C. college tuition fees will double soon
D. America's unemployment will fall

What can we learn about the middle class families from the text？ ______

A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase．
B. Their income remained steady in the last decade．
C. They will try their best to send kids to college．
D. Their debts will be paid off within 25years．

According to the last paragraph，the government will ______ ．

A. provide most students with scholarships
B. dismiss some financial aid administrators
C. stop the companies from making student loans
D. go on providing financial support for college students．

What would you think if someone suggested knocking down St Paul's Cathedral to widen the road？Or pulling down Big Ben to make way for a car park？It would be ridiculous，right？But when it comes to destruction of the natural world，we aren't so easily shocked．But we should be…or we'll be in a lot of trouble．
Nature is shrinking by the day．Ancient forests are destroyed．Wetlands are becoming dry．Woodland is disappearing，and all in the name of progress．This is bad in itself，but it's destructing for biodiversity．
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants，animals and other living things that are all interconnected．The ecological services provided by biodiversity are vital to everyday life．The air we breathe is a product of photosynthesis（光合作用） by green plants．Insects，worms and bacteria break down waste and make soils rich．And tiny organisms clean the water in rivers and sea．In fact，all life on the earth exists thanks to the benefits of biodiversity．More than 90 percent of the calories consumed by people worldwide are produced from 80 plant species．And 30 percent of medicines are developed from plants and animals．Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve all living things．
The loss of biodiversity could be devastating．"It is wrong to think that biodiversity can be reduced indefinitely without threatening humans，"said Harvard University biologist Edward O．Wilson，known as the"father of biodiversity"．He warned，"We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible （不可挽回的）．"
But what can we do？The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is not so clear．People might care about giant pandas，but it is much harder to excite them about the fate of tiny sea creatures which are being boiled to death in the cooling systems of power stations along coastlines．The Guardian newspaper is trying to help． It has launched the Biodiversity 100 campaign to try to convince governments around the world to take action to deal with the widespread concerns about biodiversity．This includes persuading the UK government to create a series of marine reserves to reserve the decrease in the sea-life caused by industrial fishing，stopping fishing sharks by the Japanese fishermen and banning the killing of dingoes （澳洲野犬） in Australia，among many other things．
There is a lot to do．And we'd better act quickly if we don't want to end up with a planet that can't sustain （维持） life!



The writer thinks it ______ to pull down Big Ben to make way for a car park．

A. unreasonable
B. necessary
C. difficult
D. risky

The underlined sentence"Nature is shrinking by the day．"Tells us that ______ ．

A. nature is being polluted by human beings
B. the number of species are reducing day by day
C. rainforests are being cut down every day
D. nature will be totally destroyed in a few days

When it comes to biodiversity，the present problem is that ______ ．

A. people might not know exactly what to do for biodiversity
B. people are not aware that giant pandas are endangered
C. people don't realize that biodiversity is vital to everyday life
D. people hunt and boil sea creatures for food

What does the underlined word"It"in paragraph 5 refer to？ ______

A. The UK government．
B. The concept of biodiversity．
C. The action to deal with the problem．
D. The Guardian newspaper．