选择知识点

My doorbell rings． On the step， I find the elderly Chinese lady， small and slight， holding the hand of a little boy． In her other hand， she holds a paper carrier bag．
I know this lady． It is not her first visit． She is the boy's grandmother， and her daughter bought the house next door last October．
Her daughter， Nicole， speaks fluent English． But she is now in Shanghai， and her parents are here with the little boy． Nicole has obviously told her mother that I am having heart surgery soon， so her mother has decided I need more nutrients．
I know what is inside the bag-a thermos with hot soup and a stainless-steel container with rice， vegetables and either chicken， meat or shrimp （虾）， sometimes with a kind of pancake． This has become an almost-daily practice．
Communication between us is somewhat affected by the fact that she doesn't speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello． Once， she brought an iPad as well as the food． She pointed to the screen， which displayed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right and whether it was too salty． I am not used to iPads， so she indicated I should go with her to her house． Then， she handed the iPad to her husband and almost immediately I found myself looking at Nicole in Shanghai and discussing her mother's cooking and salt intake． Instantly， tears filled my eyes．
"Your mother just can't be bringing me meals like this all the time，" I insisted． "I can hardly do dishes in return．"
"Oh， no， Lucy．" Nicole said． "Mum doesn't like western， food． Don't worry about it； she has to cook for the three of them anyway， and she wants to do it．"
The doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar brown paper carrier bag， handed smilingly to me．
I am now working on some more Chinese words - it's the least I can do after such display of kindness．
"Thank you" is， of course， the first one． Somehow， it seems inadequate．



Why does the elderly Chinese lady visit Lucy regularly？ ______

A. She learns to speak English from Lucy．
B. She teaches Lucy to cook Chinese food．
C. She cares about Lucy's state of health．
D. She wants to make friends with Lucy．

What's the purpose of Nicole's mum taking an iPad to Lucy's home？ ______

A. To show Lucy a film．
B. To communicate with Lucy．
C. To ask Lucy how to use it．
D. To teach Lucy how to cook．

What does Lucy mainly want to express in this passage？ ______

A. Her thanks to the Chinese family．
B. Her preference for the Chinese food．
C. Her love of the advanced technology．
D. Her affection for the Chinese language

When people argue about whether coffee is good for health， they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker． Is it good for your heart？ Does it increase blood pressure？Does it help you concentrate？ However， coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways， too．
Traditionally， coffee bushes were planted under the shade of taller trees． However， more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees． At first， this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees． With increased production come increased profits．
Unfortunately， deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat． Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating（迁徙） birds rest there．
Furthermore， in the long term， the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers（化肥） and pesticides（杀虫剂） are needed to grow the coffee． The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant， but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die． The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well， and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink．
Fortunately， farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade． We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly．" Sure， these varieties might cost a little more． But we're paying for the health of the birds， the land， ourselves， and the planet． I think it's worth it．



Which opinion does the author probably agree with？ ______

A. Pesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting．
B. Farmers should change the places to grow coffee．
C. Shade-grown coffee should be supported．
D. People should buy full-sun coffee．

Compared with the traditional method， what advantage does the full-sun method have？ ______

A. It can protect the ecosystem．
B. It can promote people's health．
C. It can provide more nests for birds．
D. It can increase the production of coffee．

How do farmers get more land to grow full-sun coffee？ ______

A. They cut down trees．
B. They move to other countries．
C. They turn grassland into farmland．
D. They buy more land from other farmers．

Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. Why plant Full- Sun coffee？
B. Why buy Shade-Grown coffee？
C. How does Shade-Grown coffee affect the health？
D. How does Full-Sun coffee damage the ecosystem？

China has been battling large-scale desertification （沙漠化） since at least the 1950s， when the young People" Republic went on a nation campaign， using farm and wild lands to build cities lo accommodate a growing population Such human activity left much of the land unprotected against wind erosion （侵蚀） from the surrounding deserts．
It is like what the American farmer did to cause the dust storms in the 1930s． In a big move to address the problem in 1978， the Chinese government carried out the Three-North Shelterbelt Project， a national ecological engineering effort that called for the planting of millions of trees along the 2，800-mile border of northern China's on-growing desert， while increasing the world's forest by 10 percent． Also known as the "Great Green Wall，" the project's end date isn't until 2050； so far， more than 66 billion trees have been planted．
However， some say the Great Green Wall hasn't been the perfect solution． "With the Great Wall， people are planting lots of trees in big ceremonies to stop desertification， but then later no one take care of them， and they die．" says Jennifer L． Turner， director of the China Environment Forum at the D．C． -based Woodrow Wilson Center． Additionally， forest-making can go beyond what the land can hold， leading the trees to an eventual death without constant human care．
In 1994， China's forestry administration started monitoring the statusof desertification nationally． Their research shows that deserts expanded in China from 1994 to 1999， but they shrunk from 1999 to 2014．



Why did the young Peopled Republic carry on the nation campaign？ ______

A. To get houses for more people．
B. To protect the land from wind erosion．
C. To plant more crops on the wild land．
D. To rebuild cities in the surrounding deserts．

What does the underlined word "It" in the 2nd paragraph refer to？ ______

A. Planting trees．
B. Reducing deserts．
C. The city-building campaign．
D. The Three-North Shelterbelt Project．

What's the problem of the Great Green Wall according to Jennifer
This text most probably appears in ______ ．

A. a traveling guide
B. a newspaper report
C. a science-fiction story
D. a book review．

阅读理解
Denali National Park, Alaska
History
Within Denali National Park, the Toklat River will always have a special significance, as it was the location where naturalist Charles Sheldon built a cabin and was so moved that he fought to preserve the land. He moved back east and spent nine years lobbying (游说）to create Alaska's first national park.
When to Visit
To avoid the crowds, visit in June, but keep in mind that there are up to 21 hours of sunlight in Alaska in summer. If it seems like a bit much for your taste, try visiting in late August or September.
If you visit to climb Mount McKinley, May and early June are the best times to climb.
Major Attractions
It is difficult not to see Denali's largest attraction towering 20,320 feet high. Mount McKinley can even be seen up to 70 miles away on a clear day. If you brave the climb to the top, you will be rewarded with charming views of the Alaska Range.
Sable Pass is a prime spot to view grizzly bears. Closed to off-road foot traffic, the area is popular for bears feeding on berries, roots, and even occasionally on other mammals.
Beginning at just below the summit of Mount McKinley, Muldrow Glacier flows 35 miles through a gorge and across the tundra. Twice in the last hundred years, the Muldrow has surged (涌动）, most recently in the winter of 1956-1957.
Accommodation
Five campgrounds are located within the park, and many are open from late spring to early fall.Note: reservations are strongly recommended during summer. Riley Creek campground is open all year round, and all but two (Sanctuary and Wonder Lake) offer RV (可供居住的大篷车）sites.
Also within the park are a few lodges (旅馆）—North Face Lodge, Denali Backcountry Lodge and Kentishna Roadhouse.
（1）Charles Sheladon spent nine years lobbying to create Alaska's first national park in order to_____.
A.provide a place for people to enjoy nature
B.obtain some benefits
C.make good use of the land
D.protect the natural landscape
（2）What can you see in the park, according to the passage?
①Mount McKinley
②bears
③various mammals
④Sable Pass
⑤Toklat River
⑥Muldrow Glacier
A.①②③④⑤⑥
B.①②④⑤⑥
C.①②③⑤⑥
D.①②③④⑥
（3）Which of the following offers RV sites?
A.North Face Lodge.
B.Wonder Lake campground.
C.Riley Creek campground.
D.Kentishna Roadhouse.

Endangered giant pandas are facing a new threat：the loss of their food source，bamboo．In China's Qinling Mountains，giant pandas spend most of their day eating bamboo．The plant makes up 99% of the panda's diet，with some pandas eating about 40 pounds of it a day．But Qinling's pandas may soon have to find another food source．A new study published in the science journal Nature Climate Change reports that warming temperatures may cause the loss of most of the region's bamboo by the end of the century．
A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences studied the effects of climate change on the region's three main bamboo species． They studied the influence of rising temperatures on the spread and growth of bamboo． Bamboo is sensitive to temperature changes．"Even with a 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit increase in temperature，we found that 80% to 100% of bamboo would be gone by the end of the century，"Liu Jianguo，one of the study's authors said．Shirley Martin，who came from Paris but not involved in the team said that it's really a demanding challenge for us to get a desired result．
The Qinling Mountains，located in eastern China，are home to about 270 pandas．That is about 17%of the world's wild panda population．The panda is one of the world's most endangered species．
In recent years，China has stepped up efforts to protect pandas．But Liu says the country has yet to consider the long-term efforts of climate change in its conservation planning．Aside from increasing nature reserve areas where pandas are protected．Liu wants China to lower its use of fuels that release greenhouse gases-as should the rest of the world．"The future of pandas，"he says，"is in our hands．"



What can we know from the first paragraph？ ______

A. Most of the bamboo in Qinling may disappear in the future．
B. The bamboo in Qinling is enough for giant pandas．
C. Qinling's giant pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo．
D. Qinling's giant pandas are certain to have no bamboo to eat by the end of the century．

Where do the researchers in the team come from？ ______

A. Britain and China．
B. The US and China．
C. France and the US．
D. Germany and the US．

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ ______

A. Bamboo is sensitive to the changes of temperature．
B. 17%of the world's wild pandas are in Qinling Mountains．
C. China is making great efforts to protect giant pandas．
D. Whether pandas can survive depends on their ability of adaptation．

Which is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. The Endangered Giant Pandas
B. Saving Panda's Food Source
C. Protecting the Environment around US
D. The Terrible Future of Pandas

A strange army of giants stands around the edges of a remote island in the Pacific Ocean． Or at least that's how it might appear． The figures lining Easter Island are actually huge stones carved to look like human figures． The statues have "guarded" these coasts for centuries． But not even the islanders are sure how they got there． Join scientific detectives as they investigate this historical mystery．
The Mystery
Nearly a thousand giant stone figures stand side by side on Easter Island， now a part of Chile． Called moai by the locals， the statues can weigh more than 80 tons - about as much as ten whales - and some stand as tall as a three-story building．
Scientists think islanders began creating the moai some 800 years ago to honor their ancestors． In land， scientists found a volcanic crater（火山口） and dug out ancient tools there used to carve figures from the volcanic rock． But the crater is far from where most of the statues now stand． And scientists know the people didn't have wheels or animals to move the rock giants．
So how did the stone figures travel as far as 11miles from the crater to the island's coasts？ Some ideas are pretty wild - people have suggested that the moai walked by themselves， or even that space aliens beamed down to lend a hand． Scientists struggled to Easter Island to find out the truth．
The Detectives
"Heave - ho!" cry a group of scientists as they pull on ropes tied to a huge statue． The investigators are seeking clues about the moai in one of Easter Island's green valleys． Wondering if the islanders could have transported the statues upright with just rope and muscle power， they wrapped three strong ropes around the forehead of a ten-foot-tall moai copy． With several people pulling each rope， they're able to rock the 10， 000-pound figure side to side， moving it forward with every tug（拖拽）． "The statue's shape makes this movement fairly easy， " team leader Carl Lipo says．
In the past， researchers have tried other moving methods． One group tied rope to the top and base of an actual moai and attempted to drag it forward with twisting motions． Another team laid a real 13-foot moai onto a giant log（原木） and pulled the log forward． All the experiments shared one result： The investigators got serious pain!
The Evidence
Although various scientific sleuths（侦查） found ways to move the moai， researchers still don't agree on what really happened． Some of these techniques might have only worked over short distances and on flat land． Others would have damaged the moai．
Many people think the statues were laid horizontally on wooden sleds which were dragged with rope across log tracks． "This would have been the safest way to move the moai，" archaeologist Jo Anne Van Tilburg says． "It explains why hardly any are damaged．"
But the truth may never be revealed． （Experts are pretty sure， though， that aliens weren't involved．） After all， the islanders stopped making the statues at least 300years ago， later hundreds of islanders left the island or caught deadly diseases brought by explorers． Many of the moai's secrets disappeared with them． Today the only remaining witnesses to the events are the moai themselves． And the lips of these stone-faced giants are sealed．



According to Carl Lipo， ______ ．

A. the moai may have walked by themselves
B. space aliens beamed down to lend a hand
C. the statue's shape works wonder for transport
D. rope and muscle power can't possibly transport the moai

What can be learned about the statues？ ______

A. They were created by the islanders 800 years ago to wish for good luck．
B. They were made of volcanic rock with some handmade tools by the locals．
C. Some of them were damaged while being moved to where they are now．
D. All the witnesses to the secrets of them were infected with deadly diseases and died．

What does the underlined word "horizontally" in the last but one paragraph probably mean？ ______

A. Parallel to the ground．
B. Temporarily on the ground．
C. Steadily on the ground．
D. Vertically to the ground．

The number of women taking maternity leave（产假） in the United States has not changed over the last two decades， according to a new study， even as the national economy has grown and new family leave policies have been implemented in three states．
Study author Jay Zagorsky says he began looking into maternity leave rates after two of his nieces gave birth around the same time last year． "One got an amazing package - full pay for a few months - and the other had to cobble together（拼凑） vacation and sick time，" he says． "I was astonished．"
"I did a little research， and there were no numbers，" he added． "The government tracks which employers provide maternity leave， but no one has calculated how many people are using it．" Zagorsky was troubled to find no increase over time， considering research that shows how beneficial it can be - for both parents and newborns - to spend time together． Giving mothers time off from work to bond with new babies has been shown to improve the physical and mental health of mothers， reduce cesarean deliveries（剖腹产）， save infants" lives and encourage breastfeeding， the study notes．
Over the 22-year study， the U．S． economy grew by 66%， and the GDP rose from 9.9trillionto16.4trillion a year． During that time， California， New Jersey and Rhode Island passed the first state laws to provide paid family leave． New York will become the fourth state to offer paid family leave in 2018． In other states， most employees are covered by federal law providing 12weeks of unpaid time off after a baby's birth． Individual companies or state policies may expand beyond these provisions．
"But just because maternity leave is available doesn't mean women will take it， "Zagorsky says． The Department of Labor estimates that only about 12% of private sector employees have access to paid family leave， and Zagorsky's study showed that only 47.5% of the women who took time off in 2015were paid for it．
The rate of paid maternity leave increased over the study period， but only by a quarter of a percent per year． At that rate， Zagorsky says， it will take another decade before even 60% of U．S． women going on leave receive such benefits． "This is a very low figure for the nation with the world's largest annual GDP，" he writes．
Even if a woman is paid for her maternity leave， she may keep herself aloof from it． The reason may be that she's worried about being replaced or valued less at work， the study notes． She may also only receive a small part of her normal salary， which can make providing for her family unmanageable．
The study suggests that the paid maternity leave laws that are in place may be "ineffective， not fully implemented， or too narrowly defined to have an impact"． The women who took time off after giving birth were more likely to be better educated and financially better off than the typical mother．
Zagorsky did not have information about the number of births every month， so he was unable to determine the exact percentage of working parents that used family leave． But based on the number of births per year， he estimates that about 10% of men and 54% of women take some time off． Based on employment and economic data， Zagorsky says the stalled （停顿的） maternity leave numbers can't be explained by unemployment rates， the recession or women dropping out of the workforce．
In a 2007 analysis of 173 countries， the United States was one of only four nations that didn't have a federal paid maternity leave policy for women after childbirth． In 98 countries， new mothers were required to receive at least 14weeks of paid time off． During his campaign， President Donald Trump said he supported a plan for six weeks of paid leave for new mothers． （He has not proposed paid leave for fathers or other caregivers．） Even if those six weeks are implemented， Zagorsky says， "We still have a long way to go to catch up with the rest of the world．"



Why does Jay Zagorsky mention his two nieces？ ______

A. To introduce the subject of his study．
B. To state the purpose of his study．
C. To explain the inspiration behind his study．
D. To stress the significance of his study．

Which statement may Zagorsky agree with？ ______

A. Unpaid maternity leave will be knocked out gradually．
B. At least 14-week paid maternity leave should be offered．
C. The U．S． paid maternity leave policies are well carried out．
D. Few U．S． women really benefit from the paid maternity leave．

The underlined sentence implies that a U．S． woman ______ ．

A. may fail to take on her responsibilities
B. dare not voice her doubts and concerns
C. is dissatisfied with her maternity leave
D. may not take her paid maternity leave

In Zagorsky's view， what contributes to the unchanged maternity leave numbers？ ______

A. High unemployment rates．
B. Maternity leave policies．
C. The worsening national economy．
D. Lack of female employees．

What's Zagorsky's attitude to the condition of maternity leave in America？ ______

A. Doubtful． B. Subjective． C. Concerned． D. Optimistic．

What is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Maternity leave isn't getting more popular in the U．S．
B. Introducing paid maternity leave is a difficult task
C. Maternity leave still has a long way to go in the U．S．
D. Maternity leave is all a matter of choice

One morning a deer rushed into a courtyard where a little boy was playing． The deer hooked the boy's clothing with its antlers（角）．This scared the little boy so much that he let out a loud cry which brought his mother running out to see what was happening． She came out just in time and saw the deer running off towards the mountains with her little boy．
The mother was so afraid !She ran after the deer as fast as she could and not too far away． she found her son sitting on the grass safely Seeing his mother． the little boy laughed and reached out his arms to her． His mother held him tight． She was so happy that she cried She hurried back with her dear son． When she got home， she was amazed at what she saw．
The huge tree behind her house had fallen down while she was out running after the deer． The whole house was destroyed under the tree's great weight．
Then the mother remembered the day about a year before when a deer． fleeing from a hurt had run into her house． She felt sorry for the frightened deer， so she covered it with some cloth and let it return to the forest．
The deer seemed to understand that she had saved its life． When leaving， it kept bowing its head to her． as if it were thanking her for her kindness．
She never imagined that the deer could remember her help． It somehow knew the tree we going to fall and kill her and her son， so it came back to save them．
When the mother remembered all this， she said， "Saving the life of another is the same．
Saving the life of your own．"



What made the mother run out of the house？ ______

A. The boy's crying，
B. The boy's running
C. The deer's coming
D. The deer's escaping

The mother was frightened because ______ ．

A. her son was injured
B. a deer went into her house
C. the deer was taking her son to the mountains
D. her son was running to the mountains with the deer

What happened while the mother was running after he deer？ ______

A. The deer hurt her son
B. The house disappeared
C. The house was destroyed
D. The huge tree was cut down

Why did the deer save their lives？ ______

A. They were close friends．
B. he mother once saved its life
C. The deer once visited their house
D. The mother drove away the hunter．

What is the purpose of the passage？ ______

A. To protect animals
B. To blame the hunter．
C. To praise the mother's bravery
D. To encourage people to do good deed

People who live in Iceland are proud of their country and their origin． Complete independence from Denmark after World War II resulted in the country's fast development． They refuse to permit immigration（移民） though the country has a small population． Their attitude to foreigners is friendly but reserved（保守）．
The Icelanders regard themselves as one big family． Most of them earn their living by farming and people" hopes are centered on the land and its soil． Typical for rural Iceland are the isolated valley harms against mountains． Cultivated grassland stretches out from the buildings
They mainly raise sheep and cattle． In spring， flocks of sheep are driven to mountain grassland and allowed to wander freely over the summer． When autumn puts its first mark on the mountains． the sheep are rounded up and driven down．
As in all countries where winter and darkness take up most of the year， the center of life is the home． The houses of Iceland were once built of wood， but now cement （水泥） is used in towns and stones in the countryside． During the long winters the Icelanders rarely go out of the house． When they must go out， they put raincoats over their heavy woolen overcoats and furs to keep out the damp．



what can we learn about the Icelanders from Paragraph 1？ ______

A. They like friendly foreigners．
B. They take pride in their own country．
C. They are satisfied with their large population
D. They are proud of their original country， Denmark．

What do most Icelanders live on？ ______

A. Farming
B. Sheep and cattle
C. Cultivated grassland
D. Plants near the mountains

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？ ______

A. Iceland is cold and damp
B. The houses are built of wood nowadays
C. The Icelanders like to live in the center of their houses
D. Different kinds of animals can be seen on the mountains

It can be inferred from the passage that the best time in Iceland is ______ ．

A. winter and spring
B. summer and autumn
C. autumn and winter
D. spring and summer

What is the passage mainly about？ ______

A. The history of Iceland
B. The rich life in Iceland
C. The development of Iceland
D. The special way of life in Iceland

They hide in trees， hang from helicopters， even follow people down on motorcycles-all so that they can snap a shot of a celebrity． They are paparazzi-photographers who make a living by taking pictures of the rich and famous．
This September， California， a state with plenty of celebrities， passed a law aimed at taking action against paparazzi． The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures， from using high-tech devices to take pictures of people on private property， and from "persistently following in order to take a picture．" Violators can be fined or spend time in prison． The United State Congress is considering passing a similar law．
Supporters of the California law say it will protect the privacy of celebrities， whom paparazzi have been bothering for years． Opponents （反对者） say the law restricts photojournalists from doing their job．
Most celebrities seem to like having their pictures taken when they are in public at award shows or other events． After all， it's free publicity． But when they're not in public， they say， photographers should leave them alone． Yet paparazzi have been known to secretly look in windows and worse． Actor Michael J． Fox said that paparazzi have even "tried to pretend to be medical personnel at the hospital where my wife was giving birth to our son．"
Celebrities have as much right to their privacy as anyone else， supporters of the law state． Supporters further argue that the California law is a fair way to keep the press at bay， because the law still allows photographers to do their job． It only punishes them， supporters say， when they violate celebrities" privacy．
Opponents of the law say it violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution （美国宪法第一修正案）， which guarantees that no laws will be made to limit "the freedom of speech， or of the press．"Although some people might not consider paparazzi a part of the legal press， the California law does not single out paparazzi． It applies to photographers working for any publication．
Opponents of the law are also concerned about its wording． "Does ‘persistently" mean following someone for six minutes， six seconds， or six days？" asked lawyer Douglas Mirell． The wording of the law is too vague， critics complain， and could be used to punish almost any news photographer．
The United States needs a free press to keep the public informed about important news， paparazzi law opponents say． Limiting the press in any way， they argue， limits the freedom of all．



Which of the following will be considered illegal by the new California law？ ______

A. Paparazzi slipping into the house of a famous person to take a shot．
B. Paparazzi taking photos of famous people with high-tech cameras．
C. Paparazzi hiring helicopters as a fast means of transportation．
D. Paparazzi rushing towards filming sites on motorcycles．

Supporters of the new law believe that ______ ．

A. it prevents the media from getting worse
B. it gives photographers a fair way to compete
C. punishment forces paparazzi to quit their job
D. privacy of famous people needs special protection

Opponents of the new law are concerned that ______ ．

A. it will violate paparazzi's privacy
B. the First Amendment will be changed
C. some photographers will be wrongly accused
D. people will not be informed of important news

What is the author's attitude towards the new California law？ ______

A. Critical．
B. Neutral．
C. Approving．
D. Skeptical．