选择知识点

阅读理解
You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It's your brain — a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it ＂the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe＂.
Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain's great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.
If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!
Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons — it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.
（1）By ＂the most complex thing＂, James Watson means __________.
A.a supercomputer
B.the universe
C.human brains
D.our emotions
（2）Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?
A.Brains can download more information than any computer.
B.The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.
C.Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.
D.Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees'.
（3）The author mentions ＂to power light bulbs＂ (Para. 4) to show __________.
A.neurons can send lots of messages
B.how many active tiny cells brains contain
C.how much electricity brains can generate
D.there is countless information in the brain
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.
B.Brains work well in controlling body movements.
C.Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.
D.Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.

阅读理解。
阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注意地）and leave no mark.
Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner's permission, except in natural parks.
Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite（野营地）seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.
Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night's sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum（最小化的） influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.
（1）You needn't ask for permission when camping in ________.
A.national parks in England
B.most parts of Scotland
C.crowded lowland Britain
D.most parts of England
（2）The last paragraph mainly deals with ________.
A.protecting animals
B.building a campfire
C.camping in woodland
D.finding a campsite with privacy
（3）The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the protection of campsites  
B.the importance of wild camping
C.the human influence on campsites
D.the dos and don'ts of wild camping

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt (融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
（1）Which is the best way to travel in Venice?
A.The waterways.
B.Taxis and cars.
C.400 bridges.
D.Boats and rain shoes.
（2）What doesn't cause Venice to get lower and lower?
A.The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.
B.Seawater is everywhere around the city.
C.People used too much underground water
D.The temperature has become higher over the years.
（3）What can we infer from the last passage?
A.Venice is sure to stop getting lower.
B.High waters won't hit Venice any more.
C.Scientists can solve the problems easily.
D.Some possible ways help to solve the problem.
（4）What's the best title of this passage?
A.The History of Venice
B.The MOST Project of Venice.
C.The Places of Interest of Venice
D.The Specials and Problems of Venice

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth's crust where it isn't strongly held together—where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy­five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.
（1）The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A.where earthquakes happen
B.how earthquakes happen
C.the damage caused by earthquakes
D.famous earthquakes in the world
（2）The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.
A.shaking
B.force
C.energy
D.losing
（3）Which of the following earthquakes killed the most people?
A.The San Francisco earthquake.
B.The earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal.
C.The earthquake in Calabria and Sicily.
D.The earthquake in central Italy.
（4）According to the passage, we can learn that ________.
A.the earth's crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places
B.there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake
C.the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake
D.the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did

阅读理解
Bees and other pollinators（传粉者） use smells to track down fresh flowers. Air pollutants can weaken those scents（气味）. Scientists had worried this might make it harder for some pollinators to find a meal.
Many animals help pollinate plants. Species that do this include bees, butterflies, etc. But for many reasons, the pollinators available to help plants in this way are decreasing. Scientists think a loss of habitat（栖息地）can be one factor. Diseases and exposure to poisonous chemicals also count.
Jose Fuentes points to air pollution as another possible factor. He's an atmospheric scientist at Pennsylvania State University. In an earlier study, he showed some air pollutants could weaken or destroy scents emitted(发出)by flowers.
Searching for a meal leaves pollinators out in the open and at risk of becoming other animal's lunch. And any time spent hunting food is time away from their duties back home, like protecting a hive（蜂巢）or nest, explains T'ai Roulston. He's an insect biologist at Virginia University. Roulston worked with Fuentes on the new study.
In the study, the researchers focused on five kinds of representative scent molecules(分子)plants emit. One molecule they looked at, for example, is called beta-myrcene. Many flowers give off this chemical into the air. Normally, this gas can travel some 800 meters from its flower source. But in polluted air, this same molecule could travel only half as far.
Worse still, air pollution might do more than just weaken scent plumes（气味烟云）．Chemical reactions between air pollutants and plumes may transform the flowers' smells, creating new scents. And these scents may be unrecognizable to pollinators.
That's certainly Fuentes' concern. So, he says his next research project will look at how insects handle any new flower scent. "It's possible that some insects will change ways to detect and use these new molecules to find food," he says.
（1）What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Weakening scents.
B.Pollinating plants.
C.Finding a meal.
D.Smelling flowers.
（2）How would bees be affected by their difficulty in finding meals?
A.They may get lost.
B.They may get burnt out.
C.They may die from hunger.
D.They may be killed by enemies.
（3）Why do bees spend longer time in search of flowers in polluted air?
A.They lose their ability to smell flowers.
B.Scented plumes travel in a new direction.
C.Flower scents spend more time reaching them.
D.Air pollution makes flowers emit fewer scents.
（4）What is Jose Fuentes' attitude towards insects' ability to adjust to new conditions?
A.Positive.
B.Worried.
C.Unclear.
D.Disappointed.

(2018•山东) 在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，并填涂在答题卡上。
　　The old Roger house had been empty for six months，and finally someone was moving in，Betsy didn’t see any children getting out of the car，just an older woman in a wheelchair. Betsy asked，" Mom，is it alright if I go over to say hello to our new neighborr " " Why don’t you wait until tomorrow ? " said her mom .
　　The next morning they decided to bring some cookies to their new neighbor and introduce themselves，The lady came to the door and said her name was Emily Harris. She invited them into the house，Betsy and her mom introduced themselves and stayed only for a short time ." We don’t want to waste your time，" said Betsy’s mom." If you ever need anything，let us know，" " Thanks so much，" said Miss Harris .
　　After breakfast the next day，Betsy decided to visit Miss Harris again .Betsy rang the doorbell but didn’t get an answer. The door was unlocked，so Betsy looked inside only to see Miss Harris had tried to reach a shelf and had taken a fall next to her wheelchair. Betsy ran to Miss Harris and asked her if she was alright " I think I broke my arm，" said Miss Harris . Betsy called for an ambulance ( 救护车 ).Miss Harris was soon taken to the hospital. When Miss Harris returned home from hospital on Sunday she went to Betsy’s house and thanked her，" You are a very kind girl. I’m so lucky to have bought this house next to you ! " Betsy smiled the biggest smile and said，" Welcome to the neighborhood，"
(1)How long was the Roger house empty ?
A.One week. B.One month. C.Three months. D.Six months.
(2)Who was living in the Roger house ?
A.Betsy and her mom. B.Just Miss Harries.
C.Miss Harries and her brother. D.Miss Harries and a dog.
(3)How did Miss Harries describe Betsy at the end of the story ?
A.Noisy. B.Shy. C.Naughty. D.Kind.
(4)According to the text，we can learn that people in the neighborhood should______.
A.often interrupt others B.help each other
C.share some cookies D.mind their own business
(5)Which of the following might be the best title for the text ?
A.An Old Woman in a Wheelchair. B.Mother and Daughter.
C.Welcome to the Neighborhood. D.Call for an Ambulance.

(2018•山东)
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(3)Which of the following is true according to the text ?
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阅读理解
The Summer Holiday Activities for Families in the UK
While the Astronaut spacewalk, Manchester last year remains in the memory of some families, our week-by-week guide to the school summer break this year features a host of special events and outdoor fun for kids, from open-air cinema and live music to coming face to face with dinosaurs.
Polar fun, Edinburgh
Dynamic Earth in Edinburgh is keeping cool this summer with lots of polar-themed activities, including family science shows on the Arctic and Antarctic, icy experiments, and craft designs where kids can make their own penguin, walrus or polar bear.
Until 28 August, £15 adults, £9.50 children, dynamicearth.co.uk.
Dinosaur events, various locations
Dinosaurs in the Wild is a vivid, walk-through experience taking visitors back 67 million years to the late Cretaceous period. Dinosaur Babies is an exhibition of dinosaur embryos and eggs, plus a model nest. Dinosaurs of China displays fossils and skeletons never before seen in Europe.
Until 23 August, NEC in Birmingham, then 7 October to 7 January, Event City Manchester, £29.50 adults, £26 children, dinosaursinthewild.com.
Proud Country House kids fest, Brighton
Just 15 minutes from the centre of Brighton, this 18th century Georgian manor house in Stammer Park has a packed programme of events and activities on throughout the summer, including storytelling in the forest, guided bike rides, tree climbing and family yoga.
1 July〜10 September, prices vary, usually from £5〜10, booking for events required but bouse and gardens can be visited without booking, stammerhouse.co.UK /kids fest.
（1）In which event can you see the fossils found in China?
A.Polar fun, Edinburgh.
B.Dinosaur events, various locations.
C.Astronaut spacewalk, Manchester.
D.Proud Country House kids fest, Brighton.
（2）How much will a couple with two children spend at most if they attend all the activities?
A.£180.
B.£220.
C.£160.
D.£200.
（3）What can kids do in Proud Country House kids fest, Brighton?
A.Craft designs and tree climbing.
B.Tree climbing and family yoga.
C.Guided bike rides and icy experiments.
D.Storytelling in the forest and seeing dinosaur eggs.

阅读理解
For many of us, talking about money is embarrassing, especially revealing our income and spending habits in public. So it's no wonder that seeking investment advice from computer program is so popular.
Consultancy firm Accenture found that 68% of global consumers would be happy to use robot-advice to plan for retirement, feeling it would be faster, cheaper, and fairer than human advice. “Many of our customers say they feel awkward in face-to-face meetings, preferring an online experience where they don't feel nervous,” says Lynn Smith, a director of robot-advice firm Wealth Wizards. So how does robot-advice work and is it really any better than traditional financial advice?
Robot-adviser firms use algorithms (算法) to analyse your financial situation and goals and then work out an investment plan to suit you. Basically, you answer lots of questions online about your income, expenses, family situation, attitude to risk and so on, and then the algorithm allocates (分配) your savings to a series of investments, from index funds that aim to imitate a particular stock market index or sector, to fixed-income bonds.
Robot-advice is certainly growing in popularity. But are we really happy to give up the human adviser completely? “No” is the short answer. Accenture finds that a significant proportion of us still want human interaction, particularly when our finances are complex. “When a customer needs advice surpassing a number of different regulatory regimes, human advice will be required, says John Perks, managing director of life and pensions at UK insurer LV, which launched its Retirement Wizard robot-advice service two years ago.
The truth is that only about a quarter of funds managed by clever humans overcome the market as a whole, so when you take into account the much higher management fees you pay for that kind of service, the performance difference is likely to be marginal (微不足道的) for most of us.
The robots may be coming, but in this case at least, they seem to be on the side of the small investor trying to save for a comfortable retirement.
（1）What do we know about the robot-advice from the second paragraph?
A.It's suitable for all.
B.It's complex but fair.
C.It's expensive but accurate.
D.It's beneficial and relaxing.
（2）If you want to use robot-advice, you should first ________.
A.consult human advice
B.work out an investment plan
C.answer lots of questions online
D.analyse your financial situation
（3）What does the underlined phrase “that kind of service” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A.The allocation of retirement.
B.The performance difference.
C.Human fund management.
D.The robot-advice service.
（4）Why do we still need the human adviser according to the text?
A.Because some finances are complex.
B.Because some clients face retirement.
C.Because human interaction is necessary.
D.Because the human adviser offers better service.

阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Actually, long-distance bicycle camping is one of the most pleasurable activities I have ever experienced.
I generally sleep poorly at night, but in the woods on a tour, I sleep like a baby, falling asleep with the music of insects. In the morning, I am awakened by the cheeps of birds. I eat a snack before getting up, and then I quickly pack my sleeping bag, air mattress (垫), tent, and other things and get on with my road. I'm slower in the morning, having less speed but a greater desire to stop at pleasant spots and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Traveling by bike allows me to stop anywhere, such as grasslands, lakes, woods, and scenic spots. Near lunch, I find a small grocery and buy some bread, sandwiches and fruit. Then I will find a town park or other shady spots to wait out the high mid-day sun. In the afternoon, my speeds are higher, and I spend less time on stops. In the late afternoon, I start riding more slowly, and I start thinking about where I will stop. I finally find a place in the early evening, cook a simple meal and have a rest. As it starts to get dark, I put up my tent, crawl in and fall asleep.
There are exciting times and difficult times as well. Visiting strange or famous places and accomplishing goals are always exciting to me. I meet and talk with interesting people along the way, sometimes other traveling cyclists. Appreciating beautiful views, meeting wild animals, and traveling up and down hills also. On the other hand, I may run into a rainy or hot spell(一段时间), have to repair my bike, or just find myself in a bad mood. The problems are infrequent and are easy to deal with. The pleasures remain in my mind for years.
（1）We can learn from the passage that the author can have a good sleep ______.
A.in a hotel
B.at home
C.in the shade
D.in the woods
（2）In the first paragraph, the author tells us that ________.
A.how he sleeps during his travel
B.the route of his bicycle travel
C.why he rides slowly all the time
D.one day's activities of his bicycle travel
（3）It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author ________.
A.enjoys a free and pleasant journey
B.likes riding in the woods
C.rides fast in the morning
D.cooks a simple lunch
（4）According to the passage, a cycle tourist may prefer ________.
A.a beautiful view
B.a rainy day
C.a hot day
D.a strong wind