选择知识点

阅读理解
You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It's your brain — a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it ＂the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe＂.
Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain's great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.
If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!
Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons — it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.
（1）By ＂the most complex thing＂, James Watson means __________.
A.a supercomputer
B.the universe
C.human brains
D.our emotions
（2）Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?
A.Brains can download more information than any computer.
B.The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.
C.Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.
D.Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees'.
（3）The author mentions ＂to power light bulbs＂ (Para. 4) to show __________.
A.neurons can send lots of messages
B.how many active tiny cells brains contain
C.how much electricity brains can generate
D.there is countless information in the brain
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.
B.Brains work well in controlling body movements.
C.Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.
D.Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.

阅读理解。
阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注意地）and leave no mark.
Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner's permission, except in natural parks.
Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite（野营地）seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.
Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night's sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum（最小化的） influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.
（1）You needn't ask for permission when camping in ________.
A.national parks in England
B.most parts of Scotland
C.crowded lowland Britain
D.most parts of England
（2）The last paragraph mainly deals with ________.
A.protecting animals
B.building a campfire
C.camping in woodland
D.finding a campsite with privacy
（3）The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the protection of campsites  
B.the importance of wild camping
C.the human influence on campsites
D.the dos and don'ts of wild camping

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt (融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
（1）Which is the best way to travel in Venice?
A.The waterways.
B.Taxis and cars.
C.400 bridges.
D.Boats and rain shoes.
（2）What doesn't cause Venice to get lower and lower?
A.The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.
B.Seawater is everywhere around the city.
C.People used too much underground water
D.The temperature has become higher over the years.
（3）What can we infer from the last passage?
A.Venice is sure to stop getting lower.
B.High waters won't hit Venice any more.
C.Scientists can solve the problems easily.
D.Some possible ways help to solve the problem.
（4）What's the best title of this passage?
A.The History of Venice
B.The MOST Project of Venice.
C.The Places of Interest of Venice
D.The Specials and Problems of Venice

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

The Gold Coast family holidays are always great fun whether you are from Australia or from abroad. There are beautiful beaches, adventure (冒险) parks, nature parks and so much more.
There are so many sights to see here. It is a pity to drive in a car and you'll miss a great part of it. Australia is home to many animals and birds that can only be seen when moving slowly and going into the areas where they live.
When you are on a bicycle, you have the advantage of being able to stop whenever you want to see an interesting animal or bird that you have never seen before. It is a quieter way of transportation as well, so you might even be able to take a picture. When you are on the beach, you can breathe that clean air and view the beauty of the water and sand. It is a totally different experience from passing it in a car.
There are many choices of hiring (租用) a bicycle to experience the Gold Coast. There are stores that will fit a bike perfectly to your size. These bikes for both adults and children are in many kinds and colors to please any taste. If you have ever wanted to try a tandem bike (双人单车), now is your chance, because they have those too.
A bicycle hire on Gold Coast is something that everyone should try at least once. This is a wonderful chance for anyone who likes to cycle and it is also a cheap way to travel with your family.
（1）You'd better not drive in a car on Gold Coast because ________.
A.you will break the traffic rules
B.you will cause much noise
C.you can't enjoy the beautiful sights well
D.you can't drive into some parks
（2）Which of the following is an advantage of hiring a bike according to Paragraph 3?
A.You can save much time.
B.You can reach the beach quickly.
C.You can get an animal for free.
D.You can stop whenever you want to see an interesting animal.
（3）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.How to hire bikes on Gold Coast.
B.What kinds of bikes there are in stores.
C.What bikes are the most popular.
D.Who can hire bikes on Gold Coast.
（4）What's the author's attitude towards a bike hire on Gold Coast?
A.He supports it very much.
B.He thinks it's a personal choice.
C.He doesn't like this way of traveling.
D.He thinks it's only good for adults.

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth's crust where it isn't strongly held together—where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy­five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.
（1）The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A.where earthquakes happen
B.how earthquakes happen
C.the damage caused by earthquakes
D.famous earthquakes in the world
（2）The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.
A.shaking
B.force
C.energy
D.losing
（3）Which of the following earthquakes killed the most people?
A.The San Francisco earthquake.
B.The earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal.
C.The earthquake in Calabria and Sicily.
D.The earthquake in central Italy.
（4）According to the passage, we can learn that ________.
A.the earth's crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places
B.there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake
C.the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake
D.the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo(胚胎) has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues(组织) and organs that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with (干涉) nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein's monster.
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly—the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
The Scottish scientist who created Dolly, Ian Wilmut, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, he has never thought of creating copies of humans. Instead, he thinks the scientists should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human lives.
While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with the research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian doctor, is one of the leaders in this field of research. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
（1）Which of the following statements about cloning is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Cloning technology can only be applied to animals.
B.A cloned animal can live longer than a normal one.
C.People all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly.
D.Cloning can produce valuable tissues and organs to cure human diseases.
（2）The reasons why some people disagree with cloning include the following EXCEPT that       .
A.cloning may produce a real-life Frankenstein's monster
B.cloning might create more diseases in the animal world
C.cloning human embryos shows no respect for human lives
D.cloning can't help those who want to clone their dead children
（3）Who is in favor of cloning human beings?
A.Ian Wilmut.
B.Severino Antinori.
C.The author.
D.The Chinese scientists.

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
The National Gallery
Description：
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.
Layout：
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th- to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling．
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer．
The East Wing houses 18th- to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.
Opening Hours：
The Gallery is open every day from 10 am. to 6 pm. (Fridays 10 am. to 9 pm.) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There：
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).
（1）In which century's collection can you see religious paintings?
A.The 13th.
B.The 17th.
C.The 18th.
D.The 20th.   
（2）Where are Leonardo da Vinci's works shown?
A.In the East Wing.
B.In the main West Wing.
C.In the Sainsbury Wing
D.In the North Wing
（3）Which underground station is closest to the National Galley?
A.Piccadilly Circus.
B.Leicester Square.
C.Embankment.
D.Charing Cross.

阅读理解
Do you often lose things? Don't worry. Now a new tool that can be connected to any object you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square connected to your iPhone or iPad by means of Bluetooth, allows you to see how close you are to your missing item, within a 50-to-150-foot range (范围). If the item goes out of your phone's 150-foot range, it can still be found on other smart phones with the same app.
When you drive the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how close or far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can connect your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost object—a dog, for example, or a stolen bike—go out of your own phone's 150-foot Bluetooth range, you can set it as a “lost item”. If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your phone, telling you its position. The Tile app also has the ability to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it.
Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they are never out of battery or needn't to be charged, and they work for one year before needing to be replaced. And the app works with all generations of iPhones and iPads.
For further information, please visit www.tile666.com.
（1）What can the Tile app help you?
A.To find other phone users.
B.To find your missing items.
C.To save your phone's power.
D.To use your phone more wisely.
（2）Which of the following about the Tile is TRUE?
A.The Tile needs to be charged after a year of use.
B.One smart phone can only be linked up with one Tile.
C.The Tile app can send a message, but it can't make a sound.
D.The Tile cannot be connected with a phone without Bluetooth.
（3）What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?
A.What the Tile app is.
B.How the Tile app works.
C.Why the Tile app was created.
D.The advantages of the Tile app.
（4）Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A health report.
B.A personal diary.
C.An advertisement.
D.A tourism magazine.

阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

The ancient city of Xi'an in China holds many treasures. And last month, archaeologists working there made an important discovery—a buried palace built in the third century B.C. to honor China's first emperor.
The entire palace measures roughly 2,260 feet long by 820 feet wide. It includes 10 courtyard houses and one main building. Archaeologists found bricks and pieces of pottery at the site of the palace, as well as the remains of walls and roads.
The palace is part of the massive burial complex of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi. He conquered seven warring kingdoms and united ancient China in 211 B.C.
Qin Shihuangdi wanted his legacy, or accomplishments, to be remembered forever. So he hired more than 700,000 workers to build his funeral complex in Xi'an. It represents a miniature version of his vast kingdom.
The complex also includes the world-famous terra-cotta army, a collection of more than 8,000 life-size clay statues. These sculptures represent soldiers, acrobats, and horses from the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.-206 B.C.). Scientists have not yet found all these terra-cotta warriors, even though they discovered more of the statues last summer.
Farmers discovered the complex by accident in 1974. Since then, scientists studying the site have learned a great deal about life in ancient China. But much of the emperor's tomb has yet to be dug up, or unearthed. Many of the artifacts (objects from the past) are so old that scientists cannot preserve them.
"Archaeologists fully acknowledge that nobody in the world has the technology (to safely dig up Xi'an's treasures) yet," explains Kristin Romey, an expert on Chinese archaeology.
But as technology improves, archaeologists will keep digging to uncover the rest of the wonders that still lie buried in Xi'an.
"It's one of the most important archaeological discoveries that's waiting to be made," says Romey, "and we know where it is."
（1）How long is the history of the newly found palace?
A.About 820 years.
B.About 2,000 years.
C.About 2,200 years.
D.About 2,400 years.
（2）Why did Qin Shihuang have people build his tomb?
A.To keep all of his treasures in store.
B.To expect people to remember him forever.
C.To prevent his body from disappearing soon.
D.To collect more than 8,000 life-size clay soldiers.
（3）What causes trouble to dig out the emperor's tomb?
A.The local government doesn't support it.
B.Archaeologists are in great need.
C.There isn't plenty of money.
D.Technology isn't advanced yet.
（4）What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.An Ancient Palace is Uncovered
B.More Terra-cotta Warriors Are Found
C.Archeologists Are Waiting to Dig a Tomb
D.Technology Helps Discover the New Wonder

阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Actually, long-distance bicycle camping is one of the most pleasurable activities I have ever experienced.
I generally sleep poorly at night, but in the woods on a tour, I sleep like a baby, falling asleep with the music of insects. In the morning, I am awakened by the cheeps of birds. I eat a snack before getting up, and then I quickly pack my sleeping bag, air mattress (垫), tent, and other things and get on with my road. I'm slower in the morning, having less speed but a greater desire to stop at pleasant spots and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Traveling by bike allows me to stop anywhere, such as grasslands, lakes, woods, and scenic spots. Near lunch, I find a small grocery and buy some bread, sandwiches and fruit. Then I will find a town park or other shady spots to wait out the high mid-day sun. In the afternoon, my speeds are higher, and I spend less time on stops. In the late afternoon, I start riding more slowly, and I start thinking about where I will stop. I finally find a place in the early evening, cook a simple meal and have a rest. As it starts to get dark, I put up my tent, crawl in and fall asleep.
There are exciting times and difficult times as well. Visiting strange or famous places and accomplishing goals are always exciting to me. I meet and talk with interesting people along the way, sometimes other traveling cyclists. Appreciating beautiful views, meeting wild animals, and traveling up and down hills also. On the other hand, I may run into a rainy or hot spell(一段时间), have to repair my bike, or just find myself in a bad mood. The problems are infrequent and are easy to deal with. The pleasures remain in my mind for years.
（1）We can learn from the passage that the author can have a good sleep ______.
A.in a hotel
B.at home
C.in the shade
D.in the woods
（2）In the first paragraph, the author tells us that ________.
A.how he sleeps during his travel
B.the route of his bicycle travel
C.why he rides slowly all the time
D.one day's activities of his bicycle travel
（3）It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author ________.
A.enjoys a free and pleasant journey
B.likes riding in the woods
C.rides fast in the morning
D.cooks a simple lunch
（4）According to the passage, a cycle tourist may prefer ________.
A.a beautiful view
B.a rainy day
C.a hot day
D.a strong wind