选择知识点

For several months， Cara has been working up the courage to approach her mom about what she saw on Instagram． Not long ago， the 11-year-old girl， like all the other kids in this story， discovered that her mom had been posting her photos for much of her life． "I've wanted to bring it． It's strange to see myself up there，and sometimes there are pictures I don't like of myself，" she said．
Like most other modern kids， Cara grew up immersed in social media． While many kids may not yet have accounts themselves， their parents， schools， sports teams， and organizations have been organizing an online presence for them since birth． The shock of realizing that details about your life have been shared online without your permission or knowledge has become an important experience in the lives of many teenagers． Recently a parenting blogger （博主）wrote in a Washington Post essay that despite （不顾）her 14-year-old daughter's horror at discovering that her mother had shared years of highly personal stories and information about her online， she simply could not stop posting on her blog and social media． The writer said that promising her daughter that she would stop posting about her publicly on the Internet "would mean shutting down a vital part of myself， which isn't necessarily good for me or her． "average parents do the same． There's even a special word for it： sharenting．
Almost a quarter of children begin their digital lives when parents upload their photos to the Internet， according to a study conducted by the Internet-security firm AVG． The study also found that 92 percent of kids under the age of 2 already have their own unique digital identity．



How does Cara feel about her mom's behavior？ ______

A. It's aggressive．
B. It's appropriate．
C. It's annoying．
D. It's favorable．

Why did the parenting blogger post about her daughter online？ ______

A. Because it filled up her blog．
B. Because it showed off her success．
C. Because it recorded her stories．
D. Because it meant a lot to her．

Who are fond of sharenting？ ______

A. A quarter of students．
B. Most ordinary parents．
C. Kids under the age of 2．
D. Some crazy bloggers．

Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. Children's New Trouble
B. Social Media
C. Kids" Online Peformance
D. Mommy Bloggers

About 6 years ago， I was on a plane next to a woman． I was tired and wanted to take a nap． But before I could go into "ignore pattern"， she tapped me on the shoulder to introduce herself．
"Hi： my name is Helga!"
We got to talking and eventually it came up that I had started an organization in high school called R．A．K．E．（Random Acts of Kindness， Etc．）． As I described what we did， Helga got very serious and told me that she admired me for that． She told me a story about the last time she had flown． She was on the way to Arizona because she had gotten sudden news that her dad's health was on the decline． Later her father's physician called to inform her that her dad had rather suddenly passed away． For the 3-hour plane ride， she sat in silence around strangers．
When she arrived at the airport in Arizona， she walked to the nearest wall， sat down， and cried． And here is the part I'll never forget about Helga's story． For 2 hours she sat and wept while thousands walked to and fro in the airport． Helga looked al me and said， "Houston， not a single person stopped and asked if I was okay that day．" It was that day that I realized how much we need each other． It was that day I realized that kindness isn't normal．
Kindness isn't normal． That has stuck with me all these years especially now． I work in schools nationwide speaking about sympathy， kindness， empathy （同理心） and love． I'm reminded all the time that， for many of us， kindness is not usually our default setting． We spend so much time worrying about our problems， our lives， our insecurities， getting to our flight so we walk by or ignore people in need of help．
So，I've made it my mission to do my part in sharing stories with students， teachers， and parents about our need for character and sympathy． I'm always be on the lookout for the little opportunities that surround me every day to do something nice．



What impressed the author most about Helga's story？ ______

A. Helga's anxiety over her father's sudden illness．
B. Helga had no one to talk to on her flight lo Arizona．
C. Helga was ignored by people around her when she cried．
D. Helga couldn't get over her sadness over her Father's death．

Which can best explain the underlined part "default setting" in paragraph 5？ ______

A. Usual way of doing things．
B. Unexpected way to do things．
C. Ignorance to people around．
D. Biggest surprise to others．

What can we know about the author？ ______

A. He started many clubs in high school．
B. He used to be a school teacher．
C. He teaches kids how to behave well．
D. He is a promoter of a good cause．

What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. Comforting People in Need
B. Making Kindness Normal
C. Ignoring Unnecessary Troubles
D. Practising Kindness on the Plane

University of New South Wales has launched its new 12-month Women in Maths & Science Champions Program designed to give women the skills and confidence to build their public recognition and set up a connected network of women in maths and science． The first group of 30 female PhD students started in August this year， and the second group of 19 early- career researchers was formally announced yesterday．
Over the 12 months， the champions complete at least 20 hours of related activities as part of a community of representatives who will influence and inspire women to pursue a career in maths and science． The activities are varied， ranging from visiting schools and conducting science presentations， to attending conferences and creating content for social media． At the end of the program， PhD champions have the chance to apply everything they've learned to the Postgraduate Research Competition． Above all， participating is a requirement for program completion．
Rose O'Dea， a member of the first group， is a PhD candidate at the School of Biological， Earth and Environmental Sciences． She said， "I'm excited about the opportunity to work with school children． I hope to inspire some girls so they see not all scientists are older men in lab coals and that science is quite diverse and means different things depending on who you are．"
Dr． Mariana Mayer Pinto is an early-career researcher at the School of Biological， Earth and Environmental Sciences， where she mainly works with marine （海洋的） ecologists． She is originally from Brazil and said that being a woman from a developing country meant she knew the struggles that lack of role models can create． "You can't be what you can't see! I always have the hope that I can change the world bit by bit， and if one little girl says she can become a scientist because I talked to them， that'd be awesome， and that would make everything worth it．"



What is the program intended to do？ ______

A. Test female PhD's learning results．
B. Promote the equality of men and women．
C. Set up an organization for women scientists．
D. Improve women's participation in math and science．

What is required if a participant want to complete the program？ ______

A. To persuade as least one female to take up science．
B. To participate in at least 20 hours of related activities．
C. To apply what they have learnt to their graduation paper．
D. To work as a representative to give presentations．

What does Rose O'Dea think about science？ ______

A. Varied．
B. Inspiring．
C. Unchangeable．
D. Exciting．

What's the purpose of the last paragraph？ ______

A. To share how family background matters．
B. To show the overall results of this program．
C. To add an example of how a participant feels．
D. To tell of role models to encourage female students．

Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides （杀虫剂） and chemicals that poison the environment． When forests disappear， migratory （迁徙的） songbirds disappear， too． In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss， Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification．
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown， meaning the coffee is planted under trees， rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants． Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better， because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun， resulting in a richer， more complex flavor． Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife， stores carbon and fights climate change． Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic， meaning they are grown without pesticides， which is better for people and for the planet．
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops． The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income． Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat．
Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center's conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends． You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup． Find a store or cafe near you， or better yet， have it shipped to your door when you order online．



What is the present situation of coffee farms？ ______

A. One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds．
B. Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds．
C. Farmers have been aware of environment protection．
D. Scientists pay attention to them and have come up with an idea．

What's a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees？ ______

A. They may have a better taste．
B. They have a strange flavor．
C. They take less time to ripen．
D. They are grown on unpolluted land．

How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money？ ______

A. By charging consumers more money．
B. By selling fruits and wood from trees．
C. By cutting down trees and selling wood．
D. By serving as stewards of coffee consumers．

What does the text suggest coffee consumers do？ ______

A. Consume less coffee．
B. Order coffee online．
C. Purchase shade-grown coffee．
D. Donate to coffee farmers．

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since． A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water． He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away． He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son． A mother who has not thought about the words for remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears．
One explanation is the law of overlearning， which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something， additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it．
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming， bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them． We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle， twinkle， little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks． We not only learn but overlearn．
The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表） are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school， because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood．
The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习） for an examination， though it may result in a passing grade， is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course． By cramming， a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination， but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned． A little overlearning， on the other hand， is really necessary for one's future development．



What's the main idea of Paragraph I？ ______

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood．
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups．
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words．
D. Stories for children are easy to remember．

The author explains the law of overlearning by ______ ．

A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples

According to the author， being able to use multiplication tables is ______ ．

A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies

What is the author's opinion on cramming？ ______

A. It leads to failure in college exams．
B. It's helpful only in a limited way．
C. It's possible to result in poor memory．
D. It increases students" learning interest．

Every year from March to October， Christian Moullec， also known as "Birdman，" flies to the sky aboard his light aircraft． However， the 58-year-old Frenchman's daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views， but to guide flocks （鸟群） of lesser white-fronted geese （小白额雁） through safe migration（迁徙） paths which the birds can teach future generations．
His deed began in 1995 when he noticed their declining population in the wild． To prevent their numbers from dropping， Moullec tried to get the geese to follow him during migration that would protect them from bird hunters．
However， getting adult geese to follow his lead is challenging． As young geese learn and follow whomever they view as their parent， Moullec decided to raise the geese from birth．
To help raise funds and awareness of his job of protecting not just the geese but other birds worldwide as well， Moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30-minute-long flights aboard his aircraft． In addition to the trained birds flying alongside them， visitors， who come from as far as a 15-hour plane flight away， can enjoy a variety of crane and geese species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities．
He often brings his camera along for the flights， taking photos not just for the breathtaking scenery， but for what they convey（传达）． Moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild European birds， with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years． "It's a disaster，" he said． "My beautiful pictures with flying birds should be used to tell this story． "



Why does "Birdman" always fly to the sky on his aircraft？ ______

A. To observe geese along their migration routes．
B. To follow geese through safe migration paths．
C. To take visitors to operate his adapted aircraft．
D. To guide geese fly safely during the migration．

What do we know about "Birdman"？ ______

A. He is a nature lover．
B. He is a bird watcher．
C. He is a volunteer pilot．
D. He is a bird hunter．

What does Moullec often take photos in his flights for？ ______

A. Recording the use of agricultural chemicals．
B. Showing serious damage caused by chemicals．
C. Describing his experiences with flying birds．
D. Capturing the beautiful views of birds and cities．

What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______

A. Birdman Guides Flocks to Learn to Fly．
B. Birdman Finds Birds Disappearing．
C. Birdman Helps Flocks Safely Migrate．
D. Birdman Protects Birds From Hunters．

Jason and Caden have been good "wagon （四轮车）pullers" since the second day of school． They are amazing and so great about taking turns pulling or pushing the wagon in the kindergarten game． The game needs everyone to work together to make the wagon move forward to the destination． Today， their teacher，Jenny，asked Jason if he could be a "teacher"，to train a new student， Bradley， to pull the wagon．
Jason was so cute and said，"How about letting him be a pusher， not be a puller？" It was at very great idea， and Jason had good observation capability! He found Bradley wasn't quite strong enough to pull the wagon．
They took the job very seriously， and the moment touched Jenny very much． Jason was one of the youngest but very observant， kind，helpful and compassionate children!
Jason was the line leader and puller． Another child， Caden was the second in command and helped the line leader stay focused． Bradleywas"thethird in command"behind Caden．
Caden took Bradley under his wing，guiding himlikea sweetborder collie topush the wagon．
Several days later， Jason told Jenny， "I hope Bradley will become the wagon puller tomorrow． He should have the opportunity to improvehis strength．" Jennynodded．Whata sweet comment! It is so sweet to have a four-year-old child cheering ona peer，when kids of all ages fight to be the one to pull the wagon．
It was a kind， sweet group， and Jenny especially loved those moments． She also emailed the sweet stories to all the parents．



What did Jenny ask Jason to do？ ______

A. Pull the wagon together with Caden．
B. Train a new student to push the wagon．
C. Teach another kid how to drag the wagon．
D. Move the wagon to the destination by himself．

What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______

A. The description of how the kids cooperate with 6&ch other to move the wagon．
B. The praise of the teacher's proper arrangement to pull the wagon．
C. The explanation of the complex relationship among the kids．
D. The introduction to the difficulty to drive the wagon．

What is the key to children's completing the game？ ______

A. Ambition．
B. Team spirit．
C. Patience．
D. Good observation capability．

What can we learn from the text？ ______

A. Jenny treated herstudentsunfairly．
B. Jason was the only wagon pullerin the game．
C. Caden was stronger than Jason in the kindergarten．
D. Bradley would be the wagon puller in the game the next day．

Who can think of the race between the tortoise and the rabbit when it comes to the greatest races？ Sure， that race only took place in ancient Aesop's mind， but while the great modern races can teach us a lot about commitment， perseverance （毅力） and the virtues of having a rather large engine， "The Tortoise and the Rabbit" may tell us everything about animals and even vehicles on this planet．
In a study published this week， Adrian Bejan， a professor of mechanical engineering， concludes that no one should be surprised that the tortoise wins over the seemingly speedier rabbit． In fact， after analyzing the reported speeds of land-air-and-water-based animals， Bejan concludes that the worlds well-known speedsters are actually among the slowest when their movements are averaged out over the course of a lifetime．
The study builds on Bejan's previous research showing that an animals speed increases with mass regardless of species． And that principle can also be extended to non-living things， like aircraft．
After studying data from historical airplane models， Bajan noted the speed of each model increased with its size， too． That doesn't sound right． What about the modern jet fighter？ How is that relatively small craft not faster than a clumsy large transport plane？
Again， Bejan harks back to the tortoise． That transport plane spends lots of time in the air， moving regularly across long distances． The fighter jet， on the other hand， may fly across the sky occasionally， but-like the rabbit-it's often found resting on the ground．
The slow and steady transport plane wins the marathon of life．
But like so many good stories， Aesop's tale offers even more than a lesson in perseverance．
At one point， the rabbit asks the tortoise how he expects to win a race at such a slow pace．
The tortoise-ever focused-doesn't respond But it's the rabbits own words that provide the moment to reflect on， especially in modem times．
"There is plenty of time to relax，" Until there isn't．



Why is the story "The Tortoise and the Rabbit" mentioned？ ______

A. To warm people not to be proud．
B. To introduce a unique phenomenon．
C. To help put forward the author's idea．
D. To show the importance of perseverance．

What has Bejan proved in his research？ ______

A. Airplanes improve in speed．
B. Speed has nothing to do with size．
C. Speed matters most in the animal world．
D. Animals" speed and mass go hand in hand．

What lesson does the author want to teach us？ ______

A. We shouldn't look down on others
B. We should put our time to good use．
C. Staying focused during races is important．
D. People should often reflect on themselves．

What is the main idea of the passage？ ______

A. Life is just like a race．
B. Nearly all races are the same
C. Quickness is not all advantage in a race．
D. The slow but steady are always winners．

Breakdancing is set to make its first debut （亮相） as an Olympic sport at Paris 2024， Tony Estanguet， head of the Paris organizing committee， said on February 21st． Skateboarding， sport climbing and surfing， which have already been added to the programme for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics， have been invited to return in Paris four years later．
Tony Estanguet said the choices responded to a need to make the Olympics "more urban" and "more artistic"． We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee （IOC） with the four sports because they are creative， appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision． They reflect perfectly Paris 2024"s identity．
Breakdancing is an example of a sport "Which can be played anywhere and anytime in urban and other environment．" It appeared at the 2018 Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires in the form of head-to-head "battles"． In competitive breakdancing， "breakers" face off in "battles" against each other， either as individuals or teams． Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics （杂技）．
The IOC had announced that the number of competitors at Paris 2024 would be restricted to 10， 500， which limited the opportunity to add sports． But the organizers said the inclusion of the four sports in Paris would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors， of which 32 would he in breakdancing． The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf centres such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France．
The inclusion still need to be rubberstamped by the IOC， which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris after next years" Tokyo Games．



What do we know about breakdancing？ ______

A. It involves multiple skills．
B. It's limited to group competition．
C. It will show up in Paris 2024．
D. It never appeared in the world events．

Why have Paris organizers chosen the four sports？ ______

A. Because they attract young people．
B. Because they perfectly reflect Paris" identity
C. Because they make Paris more urban and artistic．
D. Because they can be played anytime and anywhere．

What can we learn from Paragraph 4？ ______

A. 10， 500 competitors will compete for the new sports．
B. More surf centers will be specially designed for Paris 2024．
C. The IOC will reject the proposal because of inadequate facilities．
D. The inclusion won't require additional competition space to he built．

Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "rubberstamped" in the last paragraph？ ______

A. approved
B. canceled
C. submitted
D. designed

Dogs Almost everyone likes dogs， and almost everyone likes to read stories about dogs．
I have a friend who has a large police dog named Jack． Police dogs are often very clever． Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park． Jack likes these long walks very much．
One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend． He stayed a long time． He talked and talked． Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk． But the visitor still stayed． Jack became very worried． He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him． But the visitor paid no attention （注意）．He kept on talking． Finally Jack could stand it no longer． He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later． He sat down again in front of the visitor but this time he held the visitor's hat in his mouth．
Here is another story about a clever dog． It was a seeing-eye dog． A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things． We call these dogs "seeing-eye" dogs because they are the "eyes" of the blind man and they help him to "see"． These dogs usually go to special schools for several years to learn to help blind people．
One day a seeing-eye dog and a blind man got on a bus together． The bus was full of people and there were no seats． One man， however， soon got up and left his seat． The dog took the blind man to the seat， but there was very little space． The dog began to push the people on each side with his nose． He pushed and pushed until the people moved down and finally there was enough space for two people． The blind man then sat down and the dog got up on the seat at his side． He lie down and put his head on the leg of the blind man． He was very comfortable and soon fell asleep． Everyone on the bus had to smile at the intelligence （聪明） of the dog in making space for the blind man and， at the same time， making a place for himself．



Which of the following words is not very much related to a dog？ ______

A. Intelligent．
B. Loyal．
C. Helpful．
D. Ambitious．

Why did everyone on the bus smile at the seeing-eye dog？ ______

A. Because he was intelligent．
B. Because he was helpful．
C. Because he was friendly．
D. Because he was cute．

Which of the following best describes a seeing-eye dog？ ______

A. A seeing-eye dog is the most intelligent of all dogs．
B. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps the police．
C. A seeing-eye dog is a watchdog．
D. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps blind people．

What can be inferred from this passage？ ______

A. All dogs are rude to visitors．
B. All dogs are impolite to passengers on buses．
C. Dogs can be impolite but still loveable．
D. Dogs are greedy．